mit research: life cycle assessment of residential buildings
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MIT Research: Life Cycle Assessment of Residential Buildings
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MIT Concrete Sustainability Hub $10 million investment over 5 years Funded equally by RMCREF & PCA NRMCA providing technical support and
guidance NRMCA and state associations to play a
critical role in the technology transfer
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Goals
Identify areas in which concrete excels
Identify opportunities for improvement
Create solid technical basis for future industry development
Social
EnvironmentEconomic
Sustainable
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3 Research PlatformsConcrete ScienceScientific
breakthroughs toward reducing
the CO2 footprint of cement and
concreteEconometri
csImpact on economy:
- System dynamics
- Effect on policy (e.g.
Carbon Tax
Building Technology
The CO2 footprint of concrete
structures -
Material Flows- Life
Cycle Assessment
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Concrete Science Platform: Mission Scientific breakthroughs toward reducing
CO2 footprint of cement and concrete Strength with less material Lower energy processing Chemical stability
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Building Technology Platform
Mission: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Concrete Buildings and Pavements to Identify Impacts and Opportunities
Research Topics: Material Flow Analysis LCA of commercial buildings LCA of residential buildings LCA of pavements LCCA of building materials
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Residential Buildings
ResidentialBuildings: 21%
CommercialBuildings:
19%Transportation:
31%
Industry: 29%
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
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Methodology
Standardized LCA methodology critical Increase consistency of LCA MIT proposes good practices for LCA
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Methodology
Transparency of data Define scope Identify system boundaries Define functional unit
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Transparency
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Life Cycle Perspective
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Functional Unit
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Structural Systems Considered
Insulated Concrete Forms (ICF) Traditional Wood Framing
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Benchmark Single Family Building
Phoenix Chicago
2 stories2,400 ft2
ICFWood
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Benchmark Multi-Family Building
Phoenix Chicago
4 stories33,763 ft2
ICFWood
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Structures
2 storiesSingle Family
4 storiesMulti-Family
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Energy Modeling
60
YEAR
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Benchmark Analysis
CO2
equivalent ResourcesWater
Global Warming Potential
Ozone DepletionAcidification
EutrophicationSmog Formation
Human ToxicityEco Toxicity
WasteLand Use
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Weight of Materials(lbs/sf2)
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Embodied Emissions
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Thermal Mass Benefits
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Annual Energy Use Intensity (Chicago)
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Annual Energy Use Intensity (Phoenix)
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Impacts The GWP of the ICF house in is
approximately 6%-10% lower than the light-frame wood house.
Over a 60-year life cycle, the lower (5%-8% for single family, 4.4%-6.2% for multifamily) operating GWP outweighs the initially equal or higher embodied GWP for ICF buildings.
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Impacts
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Impact Reduction - Air Tightness
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Other Impact Reductions
ICF - 6 in core to a 4 in core
Increasing SCM (such as fly ash) from 10% to 50%. Can decrease pre-use GWP by 12-14%
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Life Cycle Cost Analysis
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Life Cycle Cost
Compared to light-frame wood, ICF $2.36-$4.09/ft2 ($25-44/m2) of wall area
higher in Chicago -$0.08 to $4.15/ft2 (-$1 to $45/m2) of wall
area in Phoenix Over the total life cycle cost, however, ICF
construction increases the price of a house by less than 5%.
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More Information
Full report available from MIT Concrete Sustainability Hub at web.mit.edu/cshub.
MIT Hub established by RMC Research & Education Foundations Portland Cement Association
NRMCA providing technical support Transfer research into practice Visit www.nrmca.org