Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

Energy powerhouses

Maddie Hughes, Izzie Gall, Erin Semple,Alex Capaldo, Alex Park

Mitochondria

 

Mitochondria

• Power centers of a cello Plant or animal

• Provide energy for the cell o Motiono Divisiono Secretiono Contraction

• Present in all living cells • More concentrated in muscle cells• The reason animals require oxygen

Mitochondria: Structure

• Double membraneo Outer membrane

Simple phospholipid bilayer Easy for molecules like ATP or sugar to

penetrate Smooth Separates inner membrane space from vacuole

o Inner membrane  Cristae greatly increase the membrane's

surface area Site of ATP production from oxygen and sugar

Krebs/citric acid cycle 

Mitochondria: Structure

• Non-membrane spaceso Intermembrane space

Between outer and inner membranes Contains energy before it is released to the

cytoplasm/vacuole Contains oxygen, water, CO2 on their way to

cristaeo Matrix

Within cristae Contains enzymes used during Krebs cycle

Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts

• Aid the mitochondria in energy productiono Plant cells only

• Contain chlorophyllo Absorbs lighto Responsible for green coloration

• Responsible for creation of oxygen

Chloroplasts: Structure

• Double membraneo Outer membrane

Simple phospholipid bilayer Easy for molecules like ATP or sugar to

penetrate Smooth

o Inner membrane Regulates substances entering chloroplast Smooth

• Thylakoids Location of photosynthesis (the "light" reactions) Membrane disks

Equivalent of mitochondrial cristae Arranged in grana (stacks)

Chloroplasts: Structure

• Non-membrane spaceso  Stroma

Space between thylakoid disks Site of "dark" reactions of photosynthesis Contains the enzymes required for these

reactions

Chloroplasts • Create energy for the

cello Convert light into

ATP • Plant cells only • Create O2 and carbs• Double membrane • Krebs cycle 

o Takes place on thylakoids, separate from membranes

Mitochondria • Create energy for the

cello Convert food energy

into ATP • Plant and animal cells • Consume O2 and carbs• Double membrane • Calvin cycle 

o Takes place on cristae, identical to the inner membrane

o  

Sources

 HyperPhysics. C.R. Knave/Georgia State University, 2005. Web. 1 Sept. 2009. <http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/HBASE/Biology/mitochondria.html>.Sullivan, Jim. "Eucaryotic Cell Interactive Animation." 2006. Cells Alive. 31 Aug. 2009 <http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm>.Experimental Biosciences: Introductory Laboratory Bios 211. David R. Caprette, Rice University, 25 June 2009. Web. 2 Sept. 2009. <http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/studies/mitochondria/mitotheory.html>. "Chloroplasts." Kimball's Biology Pages. Ed. John W. Kimball. John W. Kimball, 10 August 2003. Web. 2 Sept. 2009. http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/>.