mitochondrial disease and exercise -...
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Mitochondrial Disease and
Exercise
Presented by: Shannen Stanes (Therapy Focus - Physiotherapist)
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• What is Mitochondrial disease (MD)?
• Why do we exercise?
• Benefits of exercise for people with MD
• Types of exercise that may help
• Monitoring during exercise sessions
• Other considerations
• Questions?
What will be covered
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• Mitochondrial disease (MD) is due to a fault in one or more genes that make up mitochondria causing a hiccup in the production of Mitochondria from the time of conception.
What is Mitochondrial Disease?
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• Physical Activity…is movement that is carried out by muscle movement requiring energy.
• Exercise is…planned, structured and intentional physical activity completed to work on cardiovascular fitness and strength.
Exercise versus Physical Activity
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• Improved cardiovascular fitness
• Maintain healthy weight
• Reduce risk of developing comorbidities
• Maintain physical mobility and independence
• Improve Mental health status
Why do we exercise?
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• Resistance versus endurance - Resistance exercise is any form of exercise that forces your skeletal muscles to contract For example: free weights, resistance bands, cycling - Endurance exercise is the act of exercising to increase endurance For example: Walking, swimming and body-weight exercises
Types of Exercise
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If completed in the correct manner, exercise can:
• Alter the ratio of mutated to wild-type mitochondria (Taivassalo et al.)
• Improving oxygen use, muscle function and overall metabolism efficiency (Murphy et al. 2008 & Taivassalo et al. 2006a, b)
• Ultimately resulting in improvements in quality of life
Benefits of exercise for people with Mitochondrial Disease
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• Noting early signs of fatigue and time of onset
• Self-monitoring (own awareness of signs)
• Timed play and planned breaks (e.g. 10 minutes of playing and 10 minutes of quiet game OR on the sideline being score keeper)
• Stopping BEFORE exhaustion
• Monitoring response to different types of exercise
Monitoring during Exercise
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• Weather conditions (e.g. temperature)
• Time of day (e.g. morning or afternoon)
• Current health (e.g. sickness)
• What else is planned for the day? (e.g. community appointments)
• Assistive technology (e.g. walker)
Other Considerations
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• Knowing their energetic times and utilising them
• Varying exercise (swimming, walking, body-weight)
• Having rest days
• Noting early signs of fatigue
• Keeping up nutrition
• Use of assistive technology (e.g. manual wheelchair, modified bike, walker, SPIO suit, Piedro boots, foot orthoses)
Client’s Story
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• Exercise 3x/week (every-other-day)
• Fuel up before, during and after exercise
• Stay hydrated
• Warm up and cool down
• Factor in rest and nutrition
• Goals should be small and achievable
• Stop BEFORE exhaustion
Summary:
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QUESTIONS??
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• Taivassalo T, Gardner JL, Taylor RWet al (2006a) Endurance training and detraining in mitochondrial myopathies due to single largescale mtDNA deletions. Brain 129:3391–3401
• Taivassalo T, Gardner JL, Taylor RWet al (2006b) Endurance training and detraining in mitochondrial myopathies due to single largescale mtDNA deletions. Brain 129:3391–3401
References:
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• Taivassalo T, Shoubridge EA, Chen J et al (2001) Aerobic conditioning in patients with mitochondrial myopathies: physiological, biochemical, and genetic effects. Ann Neurol 50:133–141
• Murphy JL, Blakely EL, Schaefer AM et al (2008) Resistance training in patients with single, large-scale deletions of mitochondrial DNA. Brain 131:2832–2840
References continued: