mitosis powerpoint

Cell DivisionCell DivisionMitosisMitosis

Reasons for MitosisReasons for Mitosis

There are three main reasonsThere are three main reasons

A.A. growth growth

B.B. repair/healingrepair/healing

C.C. asexual reproductionasexual reproduction

Cell Division by Cell Division by mitosismitosis

Some cells divide Some cells divide constantly: cells in the constantly: cells in the embryo, skin cells, gut embryo, skin cells, gut lining cells, etc. lining cells, etc.

Epithelial Cell Intestinal Cell

7 week old embryo

Cell DivisionCell Division Other cells divide rarely or never.Other cells divide rarely or never.

Brain Cell – Nerve cell

Spinal Cord Cell- Nerve cell

Cardiac Cell

(Heart Muscle)

Cell DivisionCell Division 2 kinds of cell division:2 kinds of cell division:

1. Mitosis: division of somatic cells1. Mitosis: division of somatic cells

2. Meiosis: creation of new sex cells2. Meiosis: creation of new sex cells

Sperm cells Human egg cell

Pancreatic cells

Cell Division Cell Division VocabularyVocabulary

Somatic cellSomatic cell – a body cell; a cell – a body cell; a cell whose genes will not be passed on whose genes will not be passed on to future generations.to future generations.

Germ cellGerm cell - a cell that is destined - a cell that is destined to become a gamete (egg or to become a gamete (egg or sperm); a cell whose genes can be sperm); a cell whose genes can be passed on to future generationspassed on to future generations

Cell Division Cell Division VocabularyVocabulary

diploid (2N)diploid (2N) – a cell with 2 – a cell with 2 chromosome sets in each of its chromosome sets in each of its cells; all body (somatic) cellscells; all body (somatic) cells

haploid (N)haploid (N) – a cell with 1 – a cell with 1 chromosome set in each of its chromosome set in each of its cells; all gametes (sperm, eggs)cells; all gametes (sperm, eggs)

A diploid cell will give rise to a diploid A diploid cell will give rise to a diploid cellcell

Chromosome number remains the Chromosome number remains the same same

The DNA remains identically the The DNA remains identically the same same

One cell (2N) gives rise to two cells One cell (2N) gives rise to two cells ( 2N)( 2N)

Characteristics of Characteristics of MitosisMitosis

Cell CycleCell Cycle A typical cell goes A typical cell goes

through a process through a process of growth, of growth, development, and development, and reproduction called reproduction called the cell cycle.the cell cycle.

Most of the cycle is Most of the cycle is called interphase.called interphase.

INTERPHASE

Cell CycleCell Cycle The longest The longest

phase in the phase in the cell cycle is cell cycle is interphase.interphase.

The 3 stages The 3 stages of of interphase interphase are called are called GG11, S, and G, S, and G22..

Cell DivisionCell Division All living cells come from other All living cells come from other

living cells. living cells. During mitosis, the nucleus of During mitosis, the nucleus of

the cell divides, forming two the cell divides, forming two nuclei with identical genetic nuclei with identical genetic information.information.

MitosisMitosis Mitosis produces Mitosis produces

two genetically two genetically identical cells.identical cells.

Mitosis is referred Mitosis is referred to in the following to in the following stages: prophase, stages: prophase, metaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and anaphase, and telophase.telophase.

ProphaseProphase In prophase, the cell begins the In prophase, the cell begins the

process of division. process of division.

The chromosomes condense.The chromosomes condense.

chromatin

duplicatedchromosome

ProphaseProphase Nuclear envelope disappears.Nuclear envelope disappears.

ProphaseProphase

Centrioles Centrioles migrate to migrate to opposite poles opposite poles of the cell.of the cell.

Asters and Asters and spindle fibers spindle fibers form.form.

Aster and the mitotic apparatus in an animal cell

Draw ProphaseDraw Prophase

ProphaseProphaseAster

Sister chromatids

Centromere

Centriole

Spindle fibers

MetaphaseMetaphase The The

chromosomes chromosomes line up at the line up at the equator of the equator of the cell (metaphase cell (metaphase plate), with the plate), with the centrioles at centrioles at opposite ends opposite ends and the spindle and the spindle fibers attached fibers attached to the to the centromeres.centromeres.

Centriole

Centriole

Spindle fibers Metaphase

plate

Draw MetaphaseDraw Metaphase

AnaphaseAnaphase In anaphase, the In anaphase, the

centromeres centromeres divide. divide.

At this point, each At this point, each chromosome goes chromosome goes from having 2 from having 2 sister chromatids sister chromatids to being 2 to being 2 separate separate chromosomeschromosomes

AnaphaseAnaphase The spindle The spindle

fibers contract fibers contract and the and the chromosomes chromosomes are pulled to are pulled to opposite poles.opposite poles.

Draw AnaphaseDraw Anaphase

TelophaseTelophase In telophase the In telophase the

nucleus actually nucleus actually divides.divides.

The chromosomes The chromosomes are at the poles of are at the poles of the cell.the cell.

The nuclear The nuclear envelope re-forms envelope re-forms around the two sets around the two sets of chromosomes.of chromosomes.

Draw TelophaseDraw Telophase

CytokinesisCytokinesis The division of The division of

the cytoplasm.the cytoplasm.

In animal cells, In animal cells, a Cleavage a Cleavage Furrow forms Furrow forms and separates and separates Daughter CellsDaughter Cells

Cleavage furrow in a dividing frog cell.

CytokinesisCytokinesis In plant cells, a Cell Plate forms In plant cells, a Cell Plate forms

and separates Daughter Cells.and separates Daughter Cells.

Cell Plate forming

ANIMAL VS. PLANT ANIMAL VS. PLANT MITOSISMITOSIS

ANIMAL CELLANIMAL CELL Centriole and Centriole and

aster presentaster present Daughter Daughter

cells cells separated by separated by cleavage cleavage furrowfurrow

PLANT CELLPLANT CELL No visible No visible

centriole or centriole or asteraster

Daughter Daughter cells cells separated by separated by cell platecell plate

Mitosis: Can you name the Mitosis: Can you name the stages?stages?

1

2

3

4

5


Prophase

2

3

4

5


Prophase

Metaphase

3

4

5


Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

4

5


Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

5


Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Cytokinesis

Phases of cell cycle- IPMATCPhases of cell cycle- IPMATC

Interphase

Cytokinesis

Phases of cell cycle - IPMATCPhases of cell cycle - IPMATCImportant

People

Must

Analyze

Tasks

Correctly

Impatient

People

May

Attack

Teachers

Constantly

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