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mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: mz;fs; kw;wk; mz; gps;isfsf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;kiw gfjp...

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  • mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;
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264 mj;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs; mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; mj;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw ............................................................................................................... 265 A. mwpKfk; ............................................................................................................................................................... 265 B. IjPfq;fSk; khwhtiffSk; ................................................................................................................................. 265 ngl;b 1 Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz;gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gw;wpa nghJthd IjPfq;fSk; Cfq;fSk; .......................................................................................................................................................... 266 C. mstPLfSk; tbtq;fSk; ..................................................................................................................................... 267 ngl;b 2 Mz;fs; Nehf;fpajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapd; Gs;sptpgutpaw; juTfs; ............................................................... 267 ngl;b 3 ghjpf;fg;gl;ltupd; mDgtk; ................................................................................................................................. 268 ngl;b 4 ngl;b 5 Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiwapd; nghJthd tbtq;fSf;fhd cjhuzq;fs; 270 D. mDgtKk; jhf;fq;fSk; ...................................................................................................................................... 271 ngl;b 6 gyte;j tpiwg;Gj;jd;ik kw;Wk; tpe;J ntspNaw;wy;fs; .................................................................................... 272 ngl;b 7 Mz; ghypay; td;Kiwf;Fg; gjpypWj;jy; ........................................................................................................... 272 E. rl;lr; rl;lfq;fs; .................................................................................................................................................. 273 ngl;b 8 td;Gzu;Tr; rl;lq;fspd; msitfs; .................................................................................................................... 273 ngl;b 9 ,J xU g+uzkhd epuy; my;y ........................................................................................................................... 274 ngl;b 10 rl;l tof;F cjhuzk; - Bemba jPu;g;G ............................................................................................................. 276 F. Mtzg;gLj;jw; nrad;Kiwapd; Nghjhd Fwpj;j rpy guprPyidfs; ...................................................................... 277 ngl;b 11 ghypay; td;Kiwahy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; Mz;fisf; fUj;jpy; nfhs;Sk; Mtzg;gLj;jw; nrad;Kiwfspd; gpujhd mk;rq;fs; ................................................................................................................... 277 1. g+u;thq;f Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; gFg;gha;T ......................................................................................................... 278 2. jpl;lkply; ................................................................................................................................................... 279 ngl;b 12 Mz;fs; Nehf;fpajhd ghypay; td;Kiwia vjpu;nfhs;tjw;fhf jilfspypUe;J kPz;LtUjy; ......................... 280 3. Neu;fhzy; Nkw;nfhs;sy; ............................................................................................................................ 280 ngl;b 13 Mz;fs; Nehf;fpajhd ghypay; td;Kiwf; Fwpfhl;bfs; .................................................................................... 281

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Page 1: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw 265

A mwpKfk 265

B IjPfqfSk khwhtiffSk 265nglb 1Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa nghJthd IjPfqfSk CfqfSk 266

C mstPLfSk tbtqfSk 267nglb 2Mzfs Nehffpajhd ghypay tdKiwapd Gssptpgutpaw juTfs 267nglb 3ghjpffgglltupd mDgtk 268nglb 4nglb 5Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwapd nghJthd tbtqfSffhd cjhuzqfs 270

D mDgtKk jhffqfSk 271nglb 6gytej tpiwgGjjdik kwWk tpeJ ntspNawwyfs 272nglb 7Mz ghypay tdKiwfFg gjpypWjjy 272

E rllr rllfqfs 273nglb 8tdGzuTr rllqfspd msitfs 273nglb 9J xU g+uzkhd epuy myy 274nglb 10rll tofF cjhuzk - Bemba jPugG 276

F MtzggLjjw nradKiwapd Nghjhd Fwpjj rpy guprPyidfs 277nglb 11ghypay tdKiwahy ghjpffggLk Mzfisf fUjjpy nfhsSk MtzggLjjw nradKiwfspd gpujhd mkrqfs 277

1 g+uthqf Muharrp kwWk gFgghaT 2782 jpllkply 279

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1 rptFkhudgt v] (2007) lsquoMAjejhqfpa NkhjypdNghJ MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwrsquo European Journal of International Law 18 2 253ndash276

2 tofFjnjhLeu vjpu ubf ICTY tofFj jPugGgt tofF y IT-94-1-T 7 Nk 1997 gejpfs 726 730 y

3 lsquohellip MAjejhqfpa Nkhjy kwWk NkhjYfFg gpdduhd epiyikfspy ghypay tdKiwapdhygt ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfsgt mjJld mtufs Fwpgghfg ghjpgGfFlgLk epiyapYss myyJ FwpjJ yfF itffgglf$ba FOffshf tpfpjhrhukpdwpg ghjpffggLk mNjNtisgt MzfSk MzgpsisfSk kwWk FLkg cWggpdufSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwapy gytej rhlrpahffggll uzlhejug NgujpurrpfFsshffgglNlhUk ghjpffggLfpdwdursquo (typAWjjy NrujJfnfhssgglLssJ) UNSCR 2106 24 [d 2013 httpwomenpeacesecurityorgmediapdf-scr2106pdf

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A mwpKfk

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8 Nkhjyfspd Nghjhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa Iffpa ehLfs nrayhsu ehafjjpd tpNrl gpujpepjpapd mYtyfk (2013) Nkhjy epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa gapwrpg glliwapd mwpfif g 5

9 nts pehlL mg pt pUj j p e pWtfk (2014) ngUNthllj j pDs Ns Mz fs kw Wk Mz g ps isfSf nfjpuhd ghypay td Kiwfis vjpu nfhs sy RUf fg gj j puk yz ld ODI

10 Wirtz AL Dolan C Ongwech OD Pham AVK Glass N Rubinstein L (2013) lsquocfzlhtpd FbapUgGfspy Mz mfjpfSffpilapy ghypay tdKiwgt HIV mghak kwWk jLgGrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

11 Kirsten Johnson Asher J Rosborough S et al lsquofpofF nfhqNfh rdehaf Fbaurpd MsGyqfspy ghypay tdKiw kwWk kdpj cupik kPwyfs MfpatwWld cly kwWk cs Rfhjhujjpd iaGrsquo JAMA 3045 (2010) 553-562 httpjamajamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=186342

12 Kirsten Johnson Asher J Rosborough S et al lsquofpof F nfhq Nfh rdehaf Fbaur pd Ms Gyq fs py ghypay td Kiw kw Wk kd pj cu pik k Pwy fs Mfpatw Wld cly kw Wk cs Rfhjhuj j pd iaGrsquo JAMA 3006 (2008) 676-690 httpjamajamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=182379

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nglb 4

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13

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270mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw

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nglb 5

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14 rptFkhudgt v] (2007) lsquoMAjejhqfpa NkhjypdNghJ MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwrsquo European Journal of International Law 18 2 253ndash276

14

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272mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw

gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs

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nglb 7

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21 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Stevan Todorovic jzlidj jPugG Trial Chamber IT-95-91-S 31 a+iy 2001 sect 38-40 httpwwwictyorgxcasestodorovictjugentod-tj010731epdf

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1 gyhjfhukgt mrRWjjy myyJ gytejk Mfpatwiwg gpuNahfpjJ tdKiw njhlughd mrrqfis VwgLjjygt rpiwthrkgt jLgGffhtypy itjjygt cstpay rhuej mOjjqfs myyJ mjpfhuj JgpuNahfqfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjjp xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ ghypaypy ltLgLtjwfhd epuggejjij Fwwkpiojjtu VwgLjJjy kwWk gytejkhd oepiyfspy thofpdw nghOJ mjjifa egufs jkJ tpUggjjpidj njhptpggjwNfh kWggjwNfh Mwwywwtufshf Ugghufsgt ejr oepiyia jkfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjpfnfhssy

2 ghypay jdik nghUejpa nrayfSfFg gpujpaPlhf myyJ mtwWld njhluGila gzk rhuej edikfisf Fwwkpiojjtu myyJ NtnwhU egu ngwWfnfhssy myyJ ngwWfnfhstjwF vjpughujjy

gytejkhf fUjjhpffrnrajy ndash mkrqfs

1 VjhtJ kffs $llnkhdwpd d hPjpahd Mfftiktpy jhffjjpid VwgLjJk Nehffpy myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghhpa tdKiwfis myyJ kPwyfis iofFk Nehffpy xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll ngzfis gytejkhf Fwwkpiojjtu fUjjhpffr nrajy

fllha fUjjil ndash mkrqfs

1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufsJ dgngUff Mwwyfis clypay hPjpahf Fwwkpiojjtu jLjjy

2 kUjJt hPjpahfNth myyJ itjjparhiyr rpfprir ykhfNt ej egufsJ eljijfis vej tpjjjpYk epahaggLjj KbahJ NkYk tufsJ Neuikahd rkkjjJld it Nkwnfhssggltpyiy

9 FwpgG NkwFwpggpll VjhtJ Fwwqfs murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy mlfFKiw hPjpahf NkwnfhssgglbUfFk glrjjpy mjid khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwkhfgt xU mlfFkiwahff fUj KbAk jjifa rejuggqfspy VjhtJ mlfFKiw rhuej Nehffk cssjh vdgijj jPukhdpfFk Kfkhfgt mtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt fijjj Kiw Nghdwd gwwpa Nfstpfs NflfggLtJ KffpakhFk jjifa mlfF Kiwfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk ghypay rhuejjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpakpyiy UggpDk murpaw fUjJffsgt myyJ dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rka hPjpahd izgGfsgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy jdpegufs yffhfj jhffggLk NghJ kwWk ghypay tdKiw rhuej Fwwr nrayfshf it UfFk glrjjpy mlfFKiw rhuej FwwqfSld it njhluGilajhf UfFk

ghypay tdKiw ndash mkrqfs

1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ gyhjfhukhfNth myyJ mrRWjjyfisg gpuNahfpjNjh myyJ gytejggLjjpNah Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay hPjpahd eljijfspy ltLgly NkYkgt tdKiw gpuNahfpffgglyhk vdw gajjpd fhuzkhf myyJ rpiwapy itffggLNthk myyJ jLjJ itffggLNthk myyJ cstpay hPjpahd mOjjqfisg gpuNahfpjjy myyJ mjpfhu JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiw mjjifa egufs myyJ egUfF vjpuhf Fwwkpiojjtu gpuNahfpjJ mej egufs thoej gytejr oepiyia jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp jdJ rkkjjijj njhptpff Mwwy yyhj oiyj jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay eljijfspy ltLgLtjwF mtufis epuggejpjjy

2 khDljjpwF vjpuhd Vida FwwqfSld xgGNehfFifapy jjifa FwwqfSk mNjasthd jPtpujjdik nfhzlitahFk

3 jjifa oyfspd jPtpujjdikia edF mwpej epiyapNyNa Fwwkpiojjtu nrawglLsshu

mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs

1 rutNjr rllqfSfF Kuzhf xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs jkJ mbggil chpikfis mDgtpggjpypUeJk Fwwkpiojjtu mtufisj jLjjy

2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly

3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly

4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly

vgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs

fPNo Fwpggplggll Fwwqfs vjjifa oiktpy ioffgglLssd (cjhuzkhfgt Ajjf Fwwqfsgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfsgt dggLnfhiy myyJ mjid tpl Nkhrkhditfs Nghdw Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd)

khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs

1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld

3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy

4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk

Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs

1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)

2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd

3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10

4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy

5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy

10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu

11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt

rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd

12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ

mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ

2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld

Fwwkpiojjtu jjifa nrayfis NkwnfhzLsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs css rejuggqfspy

13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld

njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs

ykhff fhlLjy NtzLk nghWgGf$wYfF Nkyjpfkhf jid czujJtJ mtrpakhFk J njhlughd tplaqfs

3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw

egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy

dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12

1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy

bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy

bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy

bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy

bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy

bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy

2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13

3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs

vigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14

FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15

Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs

Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16

fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy

uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs

1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs

2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy

3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy

4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif

kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd

Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ

nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ

Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd

15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk

ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk

Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs

njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau

klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs

Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa

rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa

rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk

16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ

VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ

$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF

FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy

myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf

fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF

toqFjy Nghdwd

rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs

1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy

2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy

3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd

4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy

5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

viigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T

Fww mkrqfs

Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd

Fww tiffs kwWk

nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt

izgG mkrqfs

MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfisf

nfhzLssd

rhdW toptif

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj

jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej

fzlwpjyfs

mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs

MzFwpia

clnrYjJtjd yk

Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ

cly kPJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy jjifa

clnrYjjy rpwpjhf

Uej nghOjpYk $l

ghjpffgglltu kPjhd

mjJkPwyfshfNt it

UfFk jdJ MzFwpia

Fjthapy myyJ

Nahdpapy nrYjJjy

myyJ NtW nghUlfis

clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs

clypy vejg

gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy myyJ

ghypay cWgGfs

ykhd mjJkPwyfs

(myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghYWgG ykhf

ghjpffgglltuJ cliy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh

hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ

thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ

kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs

tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ

Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd

rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)

VjhtJ nghUsfs

myyJ clypyd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

Nkwnfhssggll

mjJkPwyfs

VjhtJ nghUlfs

myyJ clkgpd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

ngz cWggpDs ltlbia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(KghUpdh BrPrP)

gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz

cWggpDs clnrYjjp

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd

rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)

thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs

rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh

mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW

Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd

gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m

gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ

ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff

Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs

g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey

viiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik

tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf

fhtypy itjjy Nghdw

mrrqfs kwWk cstpay

hPjpahd mOjjqfs

myyJ mjpfhuj

JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg

gpuNahfpggjd yk

gytejkhf myyJ

mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd

ykhf jjifa

mjJkPwyfs ioffggly

myyJ mjjifa egufs

thOfpdw oyfisj

jkfFr rhjfkhf

gadgLjjpf nfhzL

mjjifa egufs jkJ

tpUggjijj njhptpff

Kbahj oepiyfspy

gytejkhf mtufSfF

vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

gytejk ykhd

mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghypay cWggpd ykhf

ghjpffggllthpd clypy

VjhtJ ghfjjpDs

mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl

rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag

gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs

(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll

fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

cstpay hPjpahf myyJ

kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt

gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd

rhdWfs

clypay hPjpahf

gytejjijg

gpuNahfpjjikffhd

rhdWfs

mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy

ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf

mtwiw vjpujjikffhd

rhdWfs

gajjpd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis

miojjikffhd rhdWfs

(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)

jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd

Nghjhd rhdWfs

mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ

gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs

tdKiwapdhy Vwgll

mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

cstpay hPjpahd

mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk

njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

rkkjk njhptpffgglhik

myyJ jhdhf

KdteJ gqFgwwpaik

dikffhd rhdWfs

czikahd rkkjjijj

njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik

njhlughd rhdWfs

jLgGffhtypy

Uejikffhd rhdWfs

thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs

b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-

Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y

ixgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs

Fww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

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Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld

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FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)

nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs

nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)

guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs

jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs

gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)

jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs

Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)

xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs

Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)

jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd

Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd

mbggilapy jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssggllikffhd

rhdWfs (kwWk)

mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

nghJkffs kPJ

jhfFjyfs

NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd

myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu

vdw mwpT

FwwkpiojjtUfF

Uggjwfhd rhdWfs

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jjifa jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssgglld

mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)

xgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

oikTgt njhlurrp

nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld

VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs

jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)

jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)

[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]

muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs

cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)

mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)

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Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu

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jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

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jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

xigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

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gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfis

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epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs

rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)

mjpfhupapd rhdWfs

Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)

Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)

Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs

tprhuizfis myyJ eputhf hPjpahd kwWk xOffhwW eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLk mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs

mjpfhhpfSfFg gjtpAauT toqFjy myyJ mtufis gjtpapypUeJ mfwWjy njhlughf reNjf egUfFss mjpfhuqfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)

FwwkpiojtUfF tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuKk flLgghLfSk fhzgglld (nghJkffs fllisj jsgjpfs)

cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs

csehlL rlljpllqfs ykhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ mjpfhuk nrYjJtjwfhd rejuggqfs toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndahimana TJ)reNjf eghplk cjjuTfisAk fllisfisAk tpLggjwfhd mjpfhuk fhzggllJld mjd mbggilapy mit nrawgLjjggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizeyimana TJ Ndahimana TJ)

Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)

Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs

jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)

xiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpiojjij mtu mwpejpUff KbAk myyJ mwpejpUfff $Lk

uhZtjjpdu Fwwkpioffpwhufs myyJ Fwwkpioffg Nghfpwhufs vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu

Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll egu czikapy mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll reNjf egUfF mwptpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizey- imana TJ)reNjf egUfF Fwwthspfisj njhpAk vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ)ghjpffgglltufis reNjf egu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Aleksovski TJ)

uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffdwhufs myyJ Fwwqfis ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij oepiyfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapy Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu

uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffpdwhufs myyJ ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij rkgejggll egu mwpejpUejikffhd rhdWfs

flej fhy Fwwqfs njhlugpy jzlidfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAssik njhlughd rhdWfs (Karadzic TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWfpdw uhZt Copaufs tdKiwahf myyJ cWjpaww gzGfspd mbggilapy nrawgllhufs vdw jfty reNjf egUfFf fpiljjikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac AJ)

Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ chpa jzlidfisf FwwthspfSfF toqFtjwNfh myyJ tprhuizfis chpa mjpfhhpfSfF rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffs Nkwnfhssggltpyiy

Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF mtrpakhd epahaG+utkhd eltbfiffis vLggjwFj jtwpaik (myyJ)

Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF epahaG+utkhd tifapy chpa cjjuTfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdw rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)Fwwqfs ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ elfFk gb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJiuggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwk ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ eleJnfhsSkgb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJf $wj jtwpaikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwr nrayfspy reNjf egUk gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Al- eksovski TJ)

jdJ mjpfhu tukgpDs Fwwqfs ioffg gLtijj jLggjwF Vww tifapy chpa Kiwapy jdJ mjpfhujijg gpuNahfpggjwF Fwwk iojjtu jtwpAsshu

Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwfhd mtrpakhdgt rfytpjkhdgt epahaG+utkhd cjjuTfisAk reNjf egu toqFtjwFj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ntawukulilyayo TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufis xOffKsstufshf khwWtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Delalić et al TJ)rkgejgglltufSfF vjpuhf xOffhwW eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtjwFg gjpyhf mtufSfFk (fPo gzpahsufSfF) gjtp cauT toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwqfs gwwp jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSld fyeJiuahLtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)rllkww oepiy xdwpid rkgejggll egu cUthffpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ)Fwwqfspy reNjf egu gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)tprhuizfis KdndLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Hadži- hasanović kwWk Kubura TJ)

Fwwk iojjtu jdJ mjpfhu tukgpwFs Fwwqfs gwwpa tplaqfs njhlugpy tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhstjwF Vww tifapy mtwiw jFjp thaej mjpfhhpfsplk rkuggpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

reNjf egu Fwwqfs gwwp mwptpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagoso- ra et al AJ)

jd tpisthf Fwwqfs ioffgglld

rutNjr Fwwtpay epahahjpffr rigfspdhy epampgpggJ gwwp vjjifa topKiwfSk jPukhdpffggltpyiy

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g pd izg G 2

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mrRWjjy yqfSffhd cjhuzqfs

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g pd izg G 5

g pd d pizg G

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs

ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012

ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy

ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk

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twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif

N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh

ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG

rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL

Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005

mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif

kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011

ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs

kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013

ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011

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mtprakhdit

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mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs

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cqfsJ igapDs

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kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs

Milfsftufs

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Vidait

mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs

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hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs

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Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

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1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr

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O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk

O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk

O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk

O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk

O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk

O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk

O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk

O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk

O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk

O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk

O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk

O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk

O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk

mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy

O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk

a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk

c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs

xxxgpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)

e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs

Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ

O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk

O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)

tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk

ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk

O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk

O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw

O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk

bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs

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bull nghJthd mkrqfs

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs

murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs

Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs

bull njhluGss mkrqfs

tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs

njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs

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xxxigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs

O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk

O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd

O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)

O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk

ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk

O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)

O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk

O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ

njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk

bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy

bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs

bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd

Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk

bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy

bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)

bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)

bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs

KbTffllk

O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)

O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk

O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)

O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs

xxxiigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk

O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs

O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk

O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk

O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)

O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

xxxiiigpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ

rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll

juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk

1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)

2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)

3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy

4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp

5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk

6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau

7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau

8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)

9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop

10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp

11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk

12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)

13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ

xxxivgpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)

15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk

16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk

19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs

20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk

21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs

22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs

23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)

xxxvgpdizgG 9

fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

g pd izg G 9

rhdW NrfhpgG fhty

njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp

njhlurrp

tofF y

NkwNfhs y

Nrfhpffggll jpfjp

Nrfhpffggll Neuk

rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk

tpsffk

fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk

Nrfhpjjth

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

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Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

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De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

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Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

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Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

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Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

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`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

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rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

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ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

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Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

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Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

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kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

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2 tofFjnjhLeu vjpu ubf ICTY tofFj jPugGgt tofF y IT-94-1-T 7 Nk 1997 gejpfs 726 730 y

3 lsquohellip MAjejhqfpa Nkhjy kwWk NkhjYfFg gpdduhd epiyikfspy ghypay tdKiwapdhygt ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfsgt mjJld mtufs Fwpgghfg ghjpgGfFlgLk epiyapYss myyJ FwpjJ yfF itffgglf$ba FOffshf tpfpjhrhukpdwpg ghjpffggLk mNjNtisgt MzfSk MzgpsisfSk kwWk FLkg cWggpdufSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwapy gytej rhlrpahffggll uzlhejug NgujpurrpfFsshffgglNlhUk ghjpffggLfpdwdursquo (typAWjjy NrujJfnfhssgglLssJ) UNSCR 2106 24 [d 2013 httpwomenpeacesecurityorgmediapdf-scr2106pdf

4 rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfs epWtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay kwWk ghyepiyrhu tdKiwfis tprhupggjwfhd topfhlbfs sect 14 httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile546569PSVI_training_-_violence_against_men_and_boyspdf

5 Nkhjyfspd Nghjhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa Iffpa ehLfs nrayhsu ehafjjpd tpNrl gpujpepjpapd mYtyfk (2013) Nkhjy epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa gapwrpg glliwapd mwpfif g 8

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raquo tha topahf tdGzuT gytejkhf MZWgig thapdhy cwpQrr nrajy

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raquo tpyqFfs

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raquo kpdrhu mjpurrp

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gytejkhf gpdtUtd ykhf kylhffy

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raquo Mz gpwgGWgig rpidggufshy Fwpitjjy

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14 rptFkhudgt v] (2007) lsquoMAjejhqfpa NkhjypdNghJ MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwrsquo European Journal of International Law 18 2 253ndash276

14

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gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs

D mDgtKk jhffqfSk

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272mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw

gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs

nglb 6

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15 MjuTf FOffSldhd gzp gwwpa cjhuzqfSffhfgt Edstroumlm J Dolan C and Shakrokh T with David O lsquoTherapeutic Activismrsquo March 2016 and lsquoFive journeys to activismrsquo at wwwrefugeelawprojectorg idg ghuff

nglb 7

Mz ghypay tdKiwfFg gjpypWjjy

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15

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273mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw

gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs

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1 xU ghyepiyfF khjjpuNk gpujjpNafkhff fhzggLk tdGzuT myyJ ghypay tdKiw gwwpa tiutpyffzqfs it fFwwqfspdhy ghjpffggLtjwF rhjjpakhdtufshf Mzfis (kwWkmyyJ Fwwkpiofff$batufshfg ngzfis) mqfPfupggjpyiy mjhtJ ngzfSk ngz gpsisfSk khjjpuNk ghjpffgglltufshfj jFjp ngWfpdwdugt MzfNsh Mz gpsisfNsh myy (kwWkmyyJ Fwwkpioggtufs Mzfshf khjjpuNk Uff KbAk jdhygt ghjpffggll MnzhUtu Fwwkpiojj ngznzhUtUfnfjpuhf Fwwrrhlil Kditjjy rhjjpakwwjhfpdwJ)

2 eljijahdJ rkkjjjJld lkngwwjh yiyah vdgijg nghUlgLjjhJ XupdrNrufifr nrawghLfis FwwkhfFk fllikgGfs16 ej NtWghLfis VwghLfs NkwnfhsshjtpljJgt jjifa Fwwnkhdiw mwpfifapLk ghjpffggll MnzhUtu XupdrNrufifr nrawghL xdwpwfhfgt mJ mtupd rkkjkpdwp lkngwwpUggpDk $lgt jhNk Fwwthspahffgglyhk

16 gy oikTfspygt tpgrrhujijf Fwwr nrayhfFk Njrpa rllqfs mijgNghyNt ngzfs kwWk ngzgpsisfspd

ePjpffhd mZfiyj jLffpdwJ

17 ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfk (2014) ngUNthlljjpDsNs Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfis vjpunfhssy RUffg gjjpuk yzld ODI g 6

18 eehLfspy rpytwwpygt ghjpffggll Mzfs lsquoghypay jhfFjyrsquo myyJ lsquofzzpakww jhfFjyrsquo vdgtwwpwfhd eptujjpia ehl KbAkgt Mdhy ej VwghLfs nghJthf ngzfspd tdGzutpwF toqfggLtij tplf

Fiwejstpyhd jzlidfisNa FwwkpiogNghUfF toqFfpdwd

nglb 8

tdGzuTr rllqfspd msitfs

189 ehLfspd tdGzuT VwghLfs kwWk Njrpar rllqfs gwwp mzikapy Nkwnfhssggll msitnahdW17 gpdtUkhW fzlwpeJssJ

raquo Nkhjypdhy ghjpffggll ehLfspYss 90 tPjkhd Mzfs jhk ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggbd rlljjpdhy ghJfhgG vjidAk ngw Kbahj oepiyfspNy fhzggLfpdwdu

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raquo 67 ehLfs XupdrNrufifr nrawghLfis Fwwr nrayfshf mqfPfupffpdwd vdgJld jd fhuzkhf Mz ghypay tdKiwia mwpfifapLNthu kPNj tofFj njhLffgglyhk

raquo 28 ehLfs ghypay tdKiwia iofff$batufshf Mzfis khjjpuNk mqfPfupffpdwdgt ngzfis myy

17 18

274mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw

gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs

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raquo tdGzuT kwWk ghypay tdKiwapd Vida tbtqfs gwwpa tiutpyffzqfs ghjpffggLtjwF rhjjpakhdtufshf Mzfis (kwWkmyyJ Fwwkpiofff$batufshfg ngzfis) csslfFk ehLfspygt tdKiwapd ghypay jdikiag

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raquo tdGzuT kwWk ghypay tdKiwapd Vida tbtqfs gwwpa tiutpyffzqfs ghjpffggLtjwF rhjjpakhdtufshf Mzfis (kwWkmyyJ Fwwkpiofff$batufshfg ngzfis) csslffhj ehLfspygt nrawghllhsufs mrnrayfisgt MzfSk Mz gpsisfSk csslffgglLg ghJfhffggLfpdwjhd tiutpyffzqfisf nfhzLssgt rpjjputij Nghdw ghypay jdikaww ghuJukhd jtWfshf MtzggLjjpf nfhssyhk

raquo rutNjr klljjpYk $lgt ghjpffggLk MzfSfnfjpuhd Fwwqfspd ghypay gupkhzkhdJgt mjwfhd rllr rllfjjpd mDkjp fhzggLfpdwNghJkgt vgNghJk fUjjpy nfhssgglbUfftpyiy rutNjr ePjpkdwqfspYk epaharigfspYkgt Mzfis Nehffpajhd ghypay tdKiw jwNghJk $l tdGzuthf mdwp ngUkghYk rpjjputijahf myyJ Vida kdpjhgpkhdjjpwnfjpuhd eljijahff fUjgglNl tofFj njhLffggLfpdwJ myyJ twwpwF tofFj njhLffggLtjpyiy czikfSffika mjjifa rllj jFjpfF lLr nryYk rejuggqfspYk $l tthwhf lkngWfpdwJ ghjpffggll Mzfs njhlughd rllj jFjp xU rpy jPukhdqfspNyNa fhzggLfpdwJ (ghuff - $L 9 lsquoMzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa jPukhdqfSffhd cjhuzqfsrsquo)

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ngUkghYk tdGzuthf mdwp rpjjputijahf myyJ

kdpjhgpkhdkww eljJifahfNt FwwQrhllggLfpdwJ hellip

nglb 9

Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila rutNjr jPukhdqfSffhd cjhuzqfs 19 J xU g+uzkhd epuy myy

ePjpkdwkepaharig

tofF czikfs rllj jifik

ICTY tofFj njhLeu vjpu Tadic (1997)

A kwWk B Mfpa U jLjJ itffggll Mzfs NtnwhU ifjpahd C vdgtiu VidNahupd Kddpiyapy ghypay uPjpapy jhfFkhW gytejggLjjgglldu (C vdgtupd eputhzkhd gpdGwjij efFkhW A wFf fllisaplggllJld C d MZWgig cwpQRkhWk mtupd Mz dgngUff cWggpy mbfFkhWk tpijgignahdiwf fbfFkhWk B wFf fllisaplggllJ)20

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ICTY tofFj njhLeu vjpu Todorovic (2001)

nghyp] epiyankhdwpy itjJgt njhlurrpahfmbffggll gpddugt xUtNuhnlhUtu thaykhd ghypay cwtpy ltLgLkhW MffFiwejJ ehdF NgUfNfDk Todorovic fllisapllhu21

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ICTY tofFj njhLeu vjpu Cesic (2004)

jLjJ itffggll U rNfhjuufs VidNahupd Kddpiyapy xUtUfnfhUtu MZWgig cwpQRkhW JgghffpKidapy gytejggLjjgglldu22

kdpjhgpkhdjjpwnfjpuhd Fwwrnrayhf tdGzuT Ajjf Fwwkhf mtkhdggLjJk kwWk fPojjukhd eljJif

275mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw

gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs

nglb 9

Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila rutNjr jPukhdqfSffhd cjhuzqfs 19 J xU g+uzkhd epuy myy

ePjpkdwkepaharig

tofF czikfs rllj jifik

SCSL tofFj njhLeu vjpu Sesay Kallon and Gbao (2009)

gpbjJ itffgglLss Vida ifjpfspd Kddpiyapy clYwtpy ltLgLkhW fpsurrpahsufs xU jkgjpfFf fllisaplldu gpddu jdJ jeijapd MZWgigf fOTkhW Mzpd kfs gytejggLjjggllhu23

Ajjf Fwwqfshf jdp kdpj khzgpd kPjhd mtkjpgG

ICC tofFj njhLeu vjpu Bemba (2016)

MffFiwejJ 28 egufspd (Mzfs kwWk ngzfs) kPjhd tdGzuT kwWk $lL tdGzuT mit rpy rkaqfspy FLkgjjpdu kwWk rfjjpdu Kddpiyapy lkngwwJ24

kdpjhgpkhdjjpwnfjpuhd FwwrnrayhfTk Ajjf FwwkhfTk tdGzuT

EAC tofFj njhLeu vjpu Habreacute (2016)

MtzggLjjy kwWk ghJfhgGg gzpafjjpYss (ufrpa nghyp]) rpiwfspy tprhuizapdNghJ jLjJ itffgglLss MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw J Mz dgngUff cWggpy mbjjykpdrhuk gharrgglygt awiffF Kuzhz ghypay Gzurrp kwWk MZWggpy nghUlfis csspLjy Mfpatwiw csslffpapUejJ25

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21 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Stevan Todorovic jzlidj jPugG Trial Chamber IT-95-91-S 31 a+iy 2001 sect 38-40 httpwwwictyorgxcasestodorovictjugentod-tj010731epdf

22 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Ranko Cesic jzlidj jPugG ICTY Trial Chamber I IT-95-101-S 11 khur 2004 sect 13-14 httpwww ictyorgxcasescesictjugences-tj040311epdf rrejuggjjpy khjjpuNk ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwahdJ ICTY dhy tdGzuT vd FwwQrhllgglL tofFj njhLffggllJ

23 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Issa Hassan Sesay Morris Kallon Augustine Gbao jPugG Trial Chamber I SCSL-14-15-T 2 khur 2009 sect 1205 httpwwwrscslorgDocumentsDecisionsRUF1234SCSL-04-15-T-1234-searchablepdf tdGzutpwfhfg gpuNahfpffgglf$ba tiutpyffzkhdJ ghyepiy njhlugpy eLepiyahdnjdTk Mz ngz Mfpa UtUk tdGzutpdhy ghjpffgglyhnkdTk ePjpkdwk mqfPfupjJssNghJk ttplaqfs jdp kdpj khzgpd kPjhd mtkjpgG vdffUjp tofFj njhLffggllJ (sect146)

24 kjjpa Mgpupfff Fbaurpy fhzggLk epiyik tofFj njhLeu vjpu Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo Judgement pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute Trial Chamber III ICC-0105-0108 21 khur 2016 sect 494 498 kwWk 637 httpswwwicc-cpiintCourtRecordsCR2016_02238PDF

25 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Hissegravene Habreacute jPugGgt 30 Nk 2016 sect610-624 sect1564-1570 httpwwwchambresafricainesorgpdfJugement_completpdf

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tdGzuT ndash mkrqfs

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ghypay mbikjjdk6 ndash mkrqfs

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fllha fUjjil ndash mkrqfs

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1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs

2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy

3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy

4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif

kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd

Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ

nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ

Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd

15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk

ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk

Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs

njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau

klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs

Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa

rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa

rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk

16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ

VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ

$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF

FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy

myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf

fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF

toqFjy Nghdwd

rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs

1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy

2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy

3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd

4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy

5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

viigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T

Fww mkrqfs

Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd

Fww tiffs kwWk

nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt

izgG mkrqfs

MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfisf

nfhzLssd

rhdW toptif

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj

jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej

fzlwpjyfs

mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs

MzFwpia

clnrYjJtjd yk

Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ

cly kPJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy jjifa

clnrYjjy rpwpjhf

Uej nghOjpYk $l

ghjpffgglltu kPjhd

mjJkPwyfshfNt it

UfFk jdJ MzFwpia

Fjthapy myyJ

Nahdpapy nrYjJjy

myyJ NtW nghUlfis

clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs

clypy vejg

gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy myyJ

ghypay cWgGfs

ykhd mjJkPwyfs

(myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghYWgG ykhf

ghjpffgglltuJ cliy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh

hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ

thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ

kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs

tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ

Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd

rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)

VjhtJ nghUsfs

myyJ clypyd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

Nkwnfhssggll

mjJkPwyfs

VjhtJ nghUlfs

myyJ clkgpd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

ngz cWggpDs ltlbia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(KghUpdh BrPrP)

gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz

cWggpDs clnrYjjp

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd

rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)

thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs

rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh

mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW

Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd

gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m

gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ

ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff

Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs

g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey

viiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik

tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf

fhtypy itjjy Nghdw

mrrqfs kwWk cstpay

hPjpahd mOjjqfs

myyJ mjpfhuj

JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg

gpuNahfpggjd yk

gytejkhf myyJ

mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd

ykhf jjifa

mjJkPwyfs ioffggly

myyJ mjjifa egufs

thOfpdw oyfisj

jkfFr rhjfkhf

gadgLjjpf nfhzL

mjjifa egufs jkJ

tpUggjijj njhptpff

Kbahj oepiyfspy

gytejkhf mtufSfF

vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

gytejk ykhd

mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghypay cWggpd ykhf

ghjpffggllthpd clypy

VjhtJ ghfjjpDs

mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl

rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag

gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs

(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll

fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

cstpay hPjpahf myyJ

kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt

gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd

rhdWfs

clypay hPjpahf

gytejjijg

gpuNahfpjjikffhd

rhdWfs

mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy

ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf

mtwiw vjpujjikffhd

rhdWfs

gajjpd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis

miojjikffhd rhdWfs

(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)

jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd

Nghjhd rhdWfs

mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ

gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs

tdKiwapdhy Vwgll

mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

cstpay hPjpahd

mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk

njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

rkkjk njhptpffgglhik

myyJ jhdhf

KdteJ gqFgwwpaik

dikffhd rhdWfs

czikahd rkkjjijj

njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik

njhlughd rhdWfs

jLgGffhtypy

Uejikffhd rhdWfs

thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs

b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-

Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y

ixgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs

Fww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

oikT

Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld

jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs

FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)

nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs

nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)

guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs

jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs

gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)

jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs

Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)

xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs

Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)

jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd

Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd

mbggilapy jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssggllikffhd

rhdWfs (kwWk)

mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

nghJkffs kPJ

jhfFjyfs

NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd

myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu

vdw mwpT

FwwkpiojjtUfF

Uggjwfhd rhdWfs

jd Xu mqfkhfNt

jjifa jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssgglld

mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)

xgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

oikTgt njhlurrp

nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld

VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs

jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)

jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)

[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]

muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs

cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)

mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)

nkd] wpah

Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu

jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)

jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)

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NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4

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g pd izg G 5

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O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk

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O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk

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O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk

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O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk

O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk

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g pd izg G 5

g pd d pizg G

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs

ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012

ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy

ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk

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N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh

ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG

rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL

Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005

mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif

kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011

ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs

kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013

ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011

xxviigpdizgG 6

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Milfsftufs

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Vidait

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Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ

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tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk

ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk

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O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk

bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs

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bull nghJthd mkrqfs

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bull njhluGss mkrqfs

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g pd izg G 7

bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

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Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

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Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

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Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

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kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

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8 Nkhjyfspd Nghjhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa Iffpa ehLfs nrayhsu ehafjjpd tpNrl gpujpepjpapd mYtyfk (2013) Nkhjy epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa gapwrpg glliwapd mwpfif g 5

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10 Wirtz AL Dolan C Ongwech OD Pham AVK Glass N Rubinstein L (2013) lsquocfzlhtpd FbapUgGfspy Mz mfjpfSffpilapy ghypay tdKiwgt HIV mghak kwWk jLgGrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

11 Kirsten Johnson Asher J Rosborough S et al lsquofpofF nfhqNfh rdehaf Fbaurpd MsGyqfspy ghypay tdKiw kwWk kdpj cupik kPwyfs MfpatwWld cly kwWk cs Rfhjhujjpd iaGrsquo JAMA 3045 (2010) 553-562 httpjamajamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=186342

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13

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270mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw

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14 rptFkhudgt v] (2007) lsquoMAjejhqfpa NkhjypdNghJ MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwrsquo European Journal of International Law 18 2 253ndash276

14

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272mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw

gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs

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17 18

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iiigpdizgG 1

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mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs

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2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly

3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly

4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly

vgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs

fPNo Fwpggplggll Fwwqfs vjjifa oiktpy ioffgglLssd (cjhuzkhfgt Ajjf Fwwqfsgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfsgt dggLnfhiy myyJ mjid tpl Nkhrkhditfs Nghdw Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd)

khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs

1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld

3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy

4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk

Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs

1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)

2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd

3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10

4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy

5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy

10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu

11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt

rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd

12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ

mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ

2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld

Fwwkpiojjtu jjifa nrayfis NkwnfhzLsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs css rejuggqfspy

13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld

njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs

ykhff fhlLjy NtzLk nghWgGf$wYfF Nkyjpfkhf jid czujJtJ mtrpakhFk J njhlughd tplaqfs

3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw

egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy

dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12

1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy

bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy

bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy

bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy

bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy

bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy

2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13

3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs

vigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14

FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15

Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs

Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16

fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy

uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs

1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs

2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy

3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy

4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif

kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd

Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ

nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ

Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd

15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk

ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk

Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs

njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau

klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs

Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa

rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa

rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk

16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ

VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ

$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF

FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy

myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf

fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF

toqFjy Nghdwd

rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs

1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy

2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy

3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd

4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy

5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

viigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T

Fww mkrqfs

Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd

Fww tiffs kwWk

nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt

izgG mkrqfs

MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfisf

nfhzLssd

rhdW toptif

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj

jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej

fzlwpjyfs

mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs

MzFwpia

clnrYjJtjd yk

Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ

cly kPJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy jjifa

clnrYjjy rpwpjhf

Uej nghOjpYk $l

ghjpffgglltu kPjhd

mjJkPwyfshfNt it

UfFk jdJ MzFwpia

Fjthapy myyJ

Nahdpapy nrYjJjy

myyJ NtW nghUlfis

clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs

clypy vejg

gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy myyJ

ghypay cWgGfs

ykhd mjJkPwyfs

(myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghYWgG ykhf

ghjpffgglltuJ cliy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh

hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ

thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ

kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs

tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ

Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd

rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)

VjhtJ nghUsfs

myyJ clypyd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

Nkwnfhssggll

mjJkPwyfs

VjhtJ nghUlfs

myyJ clkgpd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

ngz cWggpDs ltlbia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(KghUpdh BrPrP)

gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz

cWggpDs clnrYjjp

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd

rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)

thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs

rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh

mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW

Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd

gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m

gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ

ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff

Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs

g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey

viiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik

tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf

fhtypy itjjy Nghdw

mrrqfs kwWk cstpay

hPjpahd mOjjqfs

myyJ mjpfhuj

JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg

gpuNahfpggjd yk

gytejkhf myyJ

mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd

ykhf jjifa

mjJkPwyfs ioffggly

myyJ mjjifa egufs

thOfpdw oyfisj

jkfFr rhjfkhf

gadgLjjpf nfhzL

mjjifa egufs jkJ

tpUggjijj njhptpff

Kbahj oepiyfspy

gytejkhf mtufSfF

vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

gytejk ykhd

mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghypay cWggpd ykhf

ghjpffggllthpd clypy

VjhtJ ghfjjpDs

mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl

rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag

gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs

(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll

fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

cstpay hPjpahf myyJ

kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt

gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd

rhdWfs

clypay hPjpahf

gytejjijg

gpuNahfpjjikffhd

rhdWfs

mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy

ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf

mtwiw vjpujjikffhd

rhdWfs

gajjpd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis

miojjikffhd rhdWfs

(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)

jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd

Nghjhd rhdWfs

mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ

gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs

tdKiwapdhy Vwgll

mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

cstpay hPjpahd

mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk

njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

rkkjk njhptpffgglhik

myyJ jhdhf

KdteJ gqFgwwpaik

dikffhd rhdWfs

czikahd rkkjjijj

njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik

njhlughd rhdWfs

jLgGffhtypy

Uejikffhd rhdWfs

thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs

b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-

Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y

ixgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs

Fww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

oikT

Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld

jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs

FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)

nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs

nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)

guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs

jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs

gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)

jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs

Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)

xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs

Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)

jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd

Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd

mbggilapy jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssggllikffhd

rhdWfs (kwWk)

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Uggjwfhd rhdWfs

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jjifa jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssgglld

mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)

xgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

oikTgt njhlurrp

nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld

VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs

jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)

jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)

[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]

muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs

cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)

mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)

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jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)

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Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

xigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

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mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

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Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

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Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)

mjpfhupapd rhdWfs

Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)

Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)

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tprhuizfis myyJ eputhf hPjpahd kwWk xOffhwW eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLk mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs

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FwwkpiojtUfF tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuKk flLgghLfSk fhzgglld (nghJkffs fllisj jsgjpfs)

cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs

csehlL rlljpllqfs ykhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ mjpfhuk nrYjJtjwfhd rejuggqfs toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndahimana TJ)reNjf eghplk cjjuTfisAk fllisfisAk tpLggjwfhd mjpfhuk fhzggllJld mjd mbggilapy mit nrawgLjjggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizeyimana TJ Ndahimana TJ)

Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)

Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs

jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)

xiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

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Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll egu czikapy mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll reNjf egUfF mwptpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizey- imana TJ)reNjf egUfF Fwwthspfisj njhpAk vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ)ghjpffgglltufis reNjf egu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Aleksovski TJ)

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flej fhy Fwwqfs njhlugpy jzlidfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAssik njhlughd rhdWfs (Karadzic TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWfpdw uhZt Copaufs tdKiwahf myyJ cWjpaww gzGfspd mbggilapy nrawgllhufs vdw jfty reNjf egUfFf fpiljjikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac AJ)

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Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF mtrpakhd epahaG+utkhd eltbfiffis vLggjwFj jtwpaik (myyJ)

Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF epahaG+utkhd tifapy chpa cjjuTfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdw rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)Fwwqfs ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ elfFk gb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJiuggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwk ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ eleJnfhsSkgb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJf $wj jtwpaikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwr nrayfspy reNjf egUk gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Al- eksovski TJ)

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reNjf egu Fwwqfs gwwp mwptpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagoso- ra et al AJ)

jd tpisthf Fwwqfs ioffgglld

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ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013

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N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh

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rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL

Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005

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kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011

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O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk

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O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk

a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk

c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs

xxxgpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)

e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs

Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ

O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk

O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)

tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk

ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk

O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk

O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw

O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk

bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs

jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs

bull nghJthd mkrqfs

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs

murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs

Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs

bull njhluGss mkrqfs

tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs

njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs

Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs

xxxigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs

O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk

O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd

O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)

O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk

ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk

O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)

O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk

O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ

njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk

bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy

bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs

bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd

Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk

bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy

bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)

bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)

bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs

KbTffllk

O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)

O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk

O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)

O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs

xxxiigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk

O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs

O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk

O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk

O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)

O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

xxxiiigpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ

rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll

juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk

1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)

2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)

3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy

4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp

5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk

6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau

7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau

8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)

9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop

10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp

11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk

12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)

13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ

xxxivgpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)

15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk

16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk

19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs

20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk

21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs

22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs

23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)

xxxvgpdizgG 9

fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

g pd izg G 9

rhdW NrfhpgG fhty

njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp

njhlurrp

tofF y

NkwNfhs y

Nrfhpffggll jpfjp

Nrfhpffggll Neuk

rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk

tpsffk

fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk

Nrfhpjjth

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

gpddpizgG 9 fhty

njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

xxxvigpdizgG 9

fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

g pd izg G 9

rhdW NrfhpgG fhty

njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp

njhlurrp

tofF y

NkwNfhs y

Nrfhpffggll jpfjp

Nrfhpffggll Neuk

rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk

tpsffk

fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk

Nrfhpjjth

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

xxxviiGjjfgglbay

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Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

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Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

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Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

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rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

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ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

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ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

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rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

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KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

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8 Nkhjyfspd Nghjhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa Iffpa ehLfs nrayhsu ehafjjpd tpNrl gpujpepjpapd mYtyfk (2013) Nkhjy epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw gwwpa gapwrpg glliwapd mwpfif g 5

9 nts pehlL mg pt pUj j p e pWtfk (2014) ngUNthllj j pDs Ns Mz fs kw Wk Mz g ps isfSf nfjpuhd ghypay td Kiwfis vjpu nfhs sy RUf fg gj j puk yz ld ODI

10 Wirtz AL Dolan C Ongwech OD Pham AVK Glass N Rubinstein L (2013) lsquocfzlhtpd FbapUgGfspy Mz mfjpfSffpilapy ghypay tdKiwgt HIV mghak kwWk jLgGrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

11 Kirsten Johnson Asher J Rosborough S et al lsquofpofF nfhqNfh rdehaf Fbaurpd MsGyqfspy ghypay tdKiw kwWk kdpj cupik kPwyfs MfpatwWld cly kwWk cs Rfhjhujjpd iaGrsquo JAMA 3045 (2010) 553-562 httpjamajamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=186342

12 Kirsten Johnson Asher J Rosborough S et al lsquofpof F nfhq Nfh rdehaf Fbaur pd Ms Gyq fs py ghypay td Kiw kw Wk kd pj cu pik k Pwy fs Mfpatw Wld cly kw Wk cs Rfhjhuj j pd iaGrsquo JAMA 3006 (2008) 676-690 httpjamajamanetworkcomarticleaspxarticleid=182379

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10 11 12

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13

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14 rptFkhudgt v] (2007) lsquoMAjejhqfpa NkhjypdNghJ MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwrsquo European Journal of International Law 18 2 253ndash276

14

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rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa

rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk

16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ

VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ

$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF

FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy

myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf

fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF

toqFjy Nghdwd

rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs

1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy

2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy

3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd

4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy

5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

viigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T

Fww mkrqfs

Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd

Fww tiffs kwWk

nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt

izgG mkrqfs

MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfisf

nfhzLssd

rhdW toptif

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj

jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej

fzlwpjyfs

mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs

MzFwpia

clnrYjJtjd yk

Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ

cly kPJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy jjifa

clnrYjjy rpwpjhf

Uej nghOjpYk $l

ghjpffgglltu kPjhd

mjJkPwyfshfNt it

UfFk jdJ MzFwpia

Fjthapy myyJ

Nahdpapy nrYjJjy

myyJ NtW nghUlfis

clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs

clypy vejg

gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy myyJ

ghypay cWgGfs

ykhd mjJkPwyfs

(myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghYWgG ykhf

ghjpffgglltuJ cliy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh

hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ

thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ

kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs

tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ

Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd

rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)

VjhtJ nghUsfs

myyJ clypyd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

Nkwnfhssggll

mjJkPwyfs

VjhtJ nghUlfs

myyJ clkgpd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

ngz cWggpDs ltlbia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(KghUpdh BrPrP)

gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz

cWggpDs clnrYjjp

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd

rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)

thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs

rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh

mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW

Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd

gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m

gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ

ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff

Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs

g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey

viiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik

tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf

fhtypy itjjy Nghdw

mrrqfs kwWk cstpay

hPjpahd mOjjqfs

myyJ mjpfhuj

JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg

gpuNahfpggjd yk

gytejkhf myyJ

mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd

ykhf jjifa

mjJkPwyfs ioffggly

myyJ mjjifa egufs

thOfpdw oyfisj

jkfFr rhjfkhf

gadgLjjpf nfhzL

mjjifa egufs jkJ

tpUggjijj njhptpff

Kbahj oepiyfspy

gytejkhf mtufSfF

vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

gytejk ykhd

mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghypay cWggpd ykhf

ghjpffggllthpd clypy

VjhtJ ghfjjpDs

mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl

rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag

gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs

(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll

fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

cstpay hPjpahf myyJ

kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt

gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd

rhdWfs

clypay hPjpahf

gytejjijg

gpuNahfpjjikffhd

rhdWfs

mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy

ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf

mtwiw vjpujjikffhd

rhdWfs

gajjpd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis

miojjikffhd rhdWfs

(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)

jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd

Nghjhd rhdWfs

mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ

gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs

tdKiwapdhy Vwgll

mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

cstpay hPjpahd

mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk

njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

rkkjk njhptpffgglhik

myyJ jhdhf

KdteJ gqFgwwpaik

dikffhd rhdWfs

czikahd rkkjjijj

njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik

njhlughd rhdWfs

jLgGffhtypy

Uejikffhd rhdWfs

thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs

b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-

Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y

ixgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs

Fww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

oikT

Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld

jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs

FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)

nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs

nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)

guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs

jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs

gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)

jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs

Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)

xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs

Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)

jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd

Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd

mbggilapy jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssggllikffhd

rhdWfs (kwWk)

mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

nghJkffs kPJ

jhfFjyfs

NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd

myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu

vdw mwpT

FwwkpiojjtUfF

Uggjwfhd rhdWfs

jd Xu mqfkhfNt

jjifa jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssgglld

mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)

xgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

oikTgt njhlurrp

nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld

VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs

jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)

jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)

[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]

muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs

cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)

mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)

nkd] wpah

Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu

jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)

jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

xigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfis

csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs

rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)

mjpfhupapd rhdWfs

Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)

Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

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ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013

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N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh

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rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL

Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005

mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif

kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011

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Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ

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cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

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Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

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kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo

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KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO

World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

Page 5: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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13

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14

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19 20 21 22 23 24 25

19 rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquoLost in Translation MAjejhqfpa NkhjypdNghjhd epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwffhd Iehtpd gjpypWgGrsquo International Review of the Red Cross 92 259 272ndash275

20 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Dusko Tadic mgpggpuhak kwWk jPugG ICTY Trial Chamber IT-94-1-T 7 Nk 1997 sect 206 at httpwwwictyorgxcasestadictjugentad-tsj70507JT2-epdf jzlidj jPugG 11 etkgu 1999 at httpwwwictyorgxcasestadictjugentad-tsj991111epdf ICTY dhy MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw ifahsggll KjyhtJ tofF JthFk mjd gpddugt ICTY d Kdghfgt Milosevic Cesic Mucic Todorovic kwWk Simic csslqfyhd Vida tofFfspYk MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw rkgtqfs tprhupffgglld Tadic toffpygt MzfSk ngzfSk Kfhkfspy tdGzutpwF clgLjjggllhufnsd FwwggfuT FwpggpLfpdwNghJkgt xUtUfnfhUtu MZWgig cwpQRkhW gytejggLjjggll ghjpffggll Mzfs njhlughd czikfsgt tdGzuT myyJ ghypay tdKiwapd Vida tbtqfs vdgij tpl rpjjputijgt nfh^ukhd kwWk kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfshfNt FwwQrhllggll mNjNtis ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd ghypay tdKiw rkgtqfs tdGzuthff FwwQrhllgglld

21 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Stevan Todorovic jzlidj jPugG Trial Chamber IT-95-91-S 31 a+iy 2001 sect 38-40 httpwwwictyorgxcasestodorovictjugentod-tj010731epdf

22 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Ranko Cesic jzlidj jPugG ICTY Trial Chamber I IT-95-101-S 11 khur 2004 sect 13-14 httpwww ictyorgxcasescesictjugences-tj040311epdf rrejuggjjpy khjjpuNk ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwahdJ ICTY dhy tdGzuT vd FwwQrhllgglL tofFj njhLffggllJ

23 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Issa Hassan Sesay Morris Kallon Augustine Gbao jPugG Trial Chamber I SCSL-14-15-T 2 khur 2009 sect 1205 httpwwwrscslorgDocumentsDecisionsRUF1234SCSL-04-15-T-1234-searchablepdf tdGzutpwfhfg gpuNahfpffgglf$ba tiutpyffzkhdJ ghyepiy njhlugpy eLepiyahdnjdTk Mz ngz Mfpa UtUk tdGzutpdhy ghjpffgglyhnkdTk ePjpkdwk mqfPfupjJssNghJk ttplaqfs jdp kdpj khzgpd kPjhd mtkjpgG vdffUjp tofFj njhLffggllJ (sect146)

24 kjjpa Mgpupfff Fbaurpy fhzggLk epiyik tofFj njhLeu vjpu Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo Judgement pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute Trial Chamber III ICC-0105-0108 21 khur 2016 sect 494 498 kwWk 637 httpswwwicc-cpiintCourtRecordsCR2016_02238PDF

25 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Hissegravene Habreacute jPugGgt 30 Nk 2016 sect610-624 sect1564-1570 httpwwwchambresafricainesorgpdfJugement_completpdf

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klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs

Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa

rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa

rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk

16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ

VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ

$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF

FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy

myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf

fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF

toqFjy Nghdwd

rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs

1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy

2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy

3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd

4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy

5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

viigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T

Fww mkrqfs

Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd

Fww tiffs kwWk

nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt

izgG mkrqfs

MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfisf

nfhzLssd

rhdW toptif

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj

jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej

fzlwpjyfs

mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs

MzFwpia

clnrYjJtjd yk

Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ

cly kPJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy jjifa

clnrYjjy rpwpjhf

Uej nghOjpYk $l

ghjpffgglltu kPjhd

mjJkPwyfshfNt it

UfFk jdJ MzFwpia

Fjthapy myyJ

Nahdpapy nrYjJjy

myyJ NtW nghUlfis

clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs

clypy vejg

gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy myyJ

ghypay cWgGfs

ykhd mjJkPwyfs

(myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghYWgG ykhf

ghjpffgglltuJ cliy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh

hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ

thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ

kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs

tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ

Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd

rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)

VjhtJ nghUsfs

myyJ clypyd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

Nkwnfhssggll

mjJkPwyfs

VjhtJ nghUlfs

myyJ clkgpd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

ngz cWggpDs ltlbia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(KghUpdh BrPrP)

gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz

cWggpDs clnrYjjp

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd

rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)

thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs

rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh

mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW

Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd

gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m

gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ

ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff

Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs

g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey

viiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik

tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf

fhtypy itjjy Nghdw

mrrqfs kwWk cstpay

hPjpahd mOjjqfs

myyJ mjpfhuj

JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg

gpuNahfpggjd yk

gytejkhf myyJ

mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd

ykhf jjifa

mjJkPwyfs ioffggly

myyJ mjjifa egufs

thOfpdw oyfisj

jkfFr rhjfkhf

gadgLjjpf nfhzL

mjjifa egufs jkJ

tpUggjijj njhptpff

Kbahj oepiyfspy

gytejkhf mtufSfF

vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

gytejk ykhd

mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghypay cWggpd ykhf

ghjpffggllthpd clypy

VjhtJ ghfjjpDs

mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl

rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag

gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs

(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll

fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

cstpay hPjpahf myyJ

kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt

gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd

rhdWfs

clypay hPjpahf

gytejjijg

gpuNahfpjjikffhd

rhdWfs

mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy

ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf

mtwiw vjpujjikffhd

rhdWfs

gajjpd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis

miojjikffhd rhdWfs

(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)

jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd

Nghjhd rhdWfs

mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ

gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs

tdKiwapdhy Vwgll

mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

cstpay hPjpahd

mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk

njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

rkkjk njhptpffgglhik

myyJ jhdhf

KdteJ gqFgwwpaik

dikffhd rhdWfs

czikahd rkkjjijj

njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik

njhlughd rhdWfs

jLgGffhtypy

Uejikffhd rhdWfs

thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs

b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-

Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y

ixgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs

Fww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

oikT

Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld

jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs

FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)

nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs

nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)

guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs

jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs

gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)

jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs

Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)

xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs

Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)

jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd

Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd

mbggilapy jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssggllikffhd

rhdWfs (kwWk)

mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

nghJkffs kPJ

jhfFjyfs

NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd

myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu

vdw mwpT

FwwkpiojjtUfF

Uggjwfhd rhdWfs

jd Xu mqfkhfNt

jjifa jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssgglld

mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)

xgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

oikTgt njhlurrp

nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld

VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs

jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)

jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)

[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]

muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs

cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)

mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)

nkd] wpah

Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu

jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)

jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

xigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfis

csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs

rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)

mjpfhupapd rhdWfs

Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)

Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

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ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013

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N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh

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rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL

Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005

mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif

kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011

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Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ

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cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

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TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO

World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd

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uzlhk gjpgG 2017 khur

Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

Page 6: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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13

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14 rptFkhudgt v] (2007) lsquoMAjejhqfpa NkhjypdNghJ MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwrsquo European Journal of International Law 18 2 253ndash276

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272mjjpahak 17 Mzfs kwWk Mz gpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw

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19 20 21 22 23 24 25

19 rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquoLost in Translation MAjejhqfpa NkhjypdNghjhd epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwffhd Iehtpd gjpypWgGrsquo International Review of the Red Cross 92 259 272ndash275

20 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Dusko Tadic mgpggpuhak kwWk jPugG ICTY Trial Chamber IT-94-1-T 7 Nk 1997 sect 206 at httpwwwictyorgxcasestadictjugentad-tsj70507JT2-epdf jzlidj jPugG 11 etkgu 1999 at httpwwwictyorgxcasestadictjugentad-tsj991111epdf ICTY dhy MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw ifahsggll KjyhtJ tofF JthFk mjd gpddugt ICTY d Kdghfgt Milosevic Cesic Mucic Todorovic kwWk Simic csslqfyhd Vida tofFfspYk MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw rkgtqfs tprhupffgglld Tadic toffpygt MzfSk ngzfSk Kfhkfspy tdGzutpwF clgLjjggllhufnsd FwwggfuT FwpggpLfpdwNghJkgt xUtUfnfhUtu MZWgig cwpQRkhW gytejggLjjggll ghjpffggll Mzfs njhlughd czikfsgt tdGzuT myyJ ghypay tdKiwapd Vida tbtqfs vdgij tpl rpjjputijgt nfh^ukhd kwWk kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfshfNt FwwQrhllggll mNjNtis ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd ghypay tdKiw rkgtqfs tdGzuthff FwwQrhllgglld

21 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Stevan Todorovic jzlidj jPugG Trial Chamber IT-95-91-S 31 a+iy 2001 sect 38-40 httpwwwictyorgxcasestodorovictjugentod-tj010731epdf

22 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Ranko Cesic jzlidj jPugG ICTY Trial Chamber I IT-95-101-S 11 khur 2004 sect 13-14 httpwww ictyorgxcasescesictjugences-tj040311epdf rrejuggjjpy khjjpuNk ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwahdJ ICTY dhy tdGzuT vd FwwQrhllgglL tofFj njhLffggllJ

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26

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rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa

rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk

16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ

VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ

$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF

FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy

myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf

fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF

toqFjy Nghdwd

rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs

1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy

2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy

3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd

4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy

5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

viigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T

Fww mkrqfs

Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd

Fww tiffs kwWk

nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt

izgG mkrqfs

MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfisf

nfhzLssd

rhdW toptif

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj

jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej

fzlwpjyfs

mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs

MzFwpia

clnrYjJtjd yk

Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ

cly kPJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy jjifa

clnrYjjy rpwpjhf

Uej nghOjpYk $l

ghjpffgglltu kPjhd

mjJkPwyfshfNt it

UfFk jdJ MzFwpia

Fjthapy myyJ

Nahdpapy nrYjJjy

myyJ NtW nghUlfis

clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs

clypy vejg

gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy myyJ

ghypay cWgGfs

ykhd mjJkPwyfs

(myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghYWgG ykhf

ghjpffgglltuJ cliy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh

hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ

thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ

kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs

tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ

Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd

rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)

VjhtJ nghUsfs

myyJ clypyd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

Nkwnfhssggll

mjJkPwyfs

VjhtJ nghUlfs

myyJ clkgpd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

ngz cWggpDs ltlbia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(KghUpdh BrPrP)

gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz

cWggpDs clnrYjjp

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd

rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)

thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs

rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh

mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW

Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd

gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m

gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ

ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff

Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs

g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey

viiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik

tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf

fhtypy itjjy Nghdw

mrrqfs kwWk cstpay

hPjpahd mOjjqfs

myyJ mjpfhuj

JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg

gpuNahfpggjd yk

gytejkhf myyJ

mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd

ykhf jjifa

mjJkPwyfs ioffggly

myyJ mjjifa egufs

thOfpdw oyfisj

jkfFr rhjfkhf

gadgLjjpf nfhzL

mjjifa egufs jkJ

tpUggjijj njhptpff

Kbahj oepiyfspy

gytejkhf mtufSfF

vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

gytejk ykhd

mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghypay cWggpd ykhf

ghjpffggllthpd clypy

VjhtJ ghfjjpDs

mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl

rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag

gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs

(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll

fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

cstpay hPjpahf myyJ

kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt

gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd

rhdWfs

clypay hPjpahf

gytejjijg

gpuNahfpjjikffhd

rhdWfs

mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy

ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf

mtwiw vjpujjikffhd

rhdWfs

gajjpd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis

miojjikffhd rhdWfs

(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)

jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd

Nghjhd rhdWfs

mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ

gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs

tdKiwapdhy Vwgll

mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

cstpay hPjpahd

mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk

njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

rkkjk njhptpffgglhik

myyJ jhdhf

KdteJ gqFgwwpaik

dikffhd rhdWfs

czikahd rkkjjijj

njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik

njhlughd rhdWfs

jLgGffhtypy

Uejikffhd rhdWfs

thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs

b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-

Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y

ixgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs

Fww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

oikT

Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld

jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs

FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)

nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs

nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)

guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs

jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs

gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)

jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs

Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)

xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs

Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)

jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd

Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd

mbggilapy jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssggllikffhd

rhdWfs (kwWk)

mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

nghJkffs kPJ

jhfFjyfs

NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd

myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu

vdw mwpT

FwwkpiojjtUfF

Uggjwfhd rhdWfs

jd Xu mqfkhfNt

jjifa jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssgglld

mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)

xgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

oikTgt njhlurrp

nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld

VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs

jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)

jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)

[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]

muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs

cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)

mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)

nkd] wpah

Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu

jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)

jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

xigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfis

csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs

rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)

mjpfhupapd rhdWfs

Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)

Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

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ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013

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N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh

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rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL

Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005

mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif

kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011

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Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ

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cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

xxxixGjjfgglbay

Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

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TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO

World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

Page 7: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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gFjp VII ClWfFk tplaqfs

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14 rptFkhudgt v] (2007) lsquoMAjejhqfpa NkhjypdNghJ MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwrsquo European Journal of International Law 18 2 253ndash276

14

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15 MjuTf FOffSldhd gzp gwwpa cjhuzqfSffhfgt Edstroumlm J Dolan C and Shakrokh T with David O lsquoTherapeutic Activismrsquo March 2016 and lsquoFive journeys to activismrsquo at wwwrefugeelawprojectorg idg ghuff

nglb 7

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rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa

rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk

16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ

VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ

$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF

FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy

myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf

fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF

toqFjy Nghdwd

rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs

1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy

2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy

3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd

4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy

5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

viigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T

Fww mkrqfs

Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd

Fww tiffs kwWk

nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt

izgG mkrqfs

MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfisf

nfhzLssd

rhdW toptif

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj

jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej

fzlwpjyfs

mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs

MzFwpia

clnrYjJtjd yk

Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ

cly kPJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy jjifa

clnrYjjy rpwpjhf

Uej nghOjpYk $l

ghjpffgglltu kPjhd

mjJkPwyfshfNt it

UfFk jdJ MzFwpia

Fjthapy myyJ

Nahdpapy nrYjJjy

myyJ NtW nghUlfis

clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs

clypy vejg

gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy myyJ

ghypay cWgGfs

ykhd mjJkPwyfs

(myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghYWgG ykhf

ghjpffgglltuJ cliy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh

hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ

thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ

kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs

tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ

Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd

rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)

VjhtJ nghUsfs

myyJ clypyd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

Nkwnfhssggll

mjJkPwyfs

VjhtJ nghUlfs

myyJ clkgpd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

ngz cWggpDs ltlbia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(KghUpdh BrPrP)

gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz

cWggpDs clnrYjjp

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd

rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)

thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs

rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh

mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW

Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd

gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m

gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ

ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff

Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs

g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey

viiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik

tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf

fhtypy itjjy Nghdw

mrrqfs kwWk cstpay

hPjpahd mOjjqfs

myyJ mjpfhuj

JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg

gpuNahfpggjd yk

gytejkhf myyJ

mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd

ykhf jjifa

mjJkPwyfs ioffggly

myyJ mjjifa egufs

thOfpdw oyfisj

jkfFr rhjfkhf

gadgLjjpf nfhzL

mjjifa egufs jkJ

tpUggjijj njhptpff

Kbahj oepiyfspy

gytejkhf mtufSfF

vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

gytejk ykhd

mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghypay cWggpd ykhf

ghjpffggllthpd clypy

VjhtJ ghfjjpDs

mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl

rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag

gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs

(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll

fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

cstpay hPjpahf myyJ

kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt

gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd

rhdWfs

clypay hPjpahf

gytejjijg

gpuNahfpjjikffhd

rhdWfs

mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy

ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf

mtwiw vjpujjikffhd

rhdWfs

gajjpd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis

miojjikffhd rhdWfs

(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)

jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd

Nghjhd rhdWfs

mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ

gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs

tdKiwapdhy Vwgll

mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

cstpay hPjpahd

mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk

njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

rkkjk njhptpffgglhik

myyJ jhdhf

KdteJ gqFgwwpaik

dikffhd rhdWfs

czikahd rkkjjijj

njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik

njhlughd rhdWfs

jLgGffhtypy

Uejikffhd rhdWfs

thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs

b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-

Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y

ixgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs

Fww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

oikT

Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld

jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs

FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)

nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs

nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)

guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs

jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs

gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)

jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs

Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)

xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs

Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)

jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd

Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd

mbggilapy jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssggllikffhd

rhdWfs (kwWk)

mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

nghJkffs kPJ

jhfFjyfs

NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd

myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu

vdw mwpT

FwwkpiojjtUfF

Uggjwfhd rhdWfs

jd Xu mqfkhfNt

jjifa jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssgglld

mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)

xgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

oikTgt njhlurrp

nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld

VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs

jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)

jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)

[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]

muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs

cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)

mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)

nkd] wpah

Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu

jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)

jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

xigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfis

csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs

rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)

mjpfhupapd rhdWfs

Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)

Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

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ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013

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N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh

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rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL

Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005

mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif

kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011

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Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ

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cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

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Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

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KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

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rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

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kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

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UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

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UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

Page 8: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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iiigpdizgG 1

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mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs

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2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly

3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly

4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly

vgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs

fPNo Fwpggplggll Fwwqfs vjjifa oiktpy ioffgglLssd (cjhuzkhfgt Ajjf Fwwqfsgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfsgt dggLnfhiy myyJ mjid tpl Nkhrkhditfs Nghdw Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd)

khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs

1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld

3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy

4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk

Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs

1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)

2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd

3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10

4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy

5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy

10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu

11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt

rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd

12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ

mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ

2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld

Fwwkpiojjtu jjifa nrayfis NkwnfhzLsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs css rejuggqfspy

13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld

njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs

ykhff fhlLjy NtzLk nghWgGf$wYfF Nkyjpfkhf jid czujJtJ mtrpakhFk J njhlughd tplaqfs

3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw

egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy

dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12

1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy

bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy

bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy

bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy

bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy

bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy

2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13

3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs

vigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14

FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15

Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs

Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16

fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy

uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs

1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs

2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy

3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy

4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif

kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd

Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ

nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ

Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd

15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk

ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk

Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs

njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau

klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs

Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa

rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa

rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk

16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ

VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ

$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF

FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy

myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf

fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF

toqFjy Nghdwd

rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs

1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy

2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy

3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd

4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy

5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

viigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T

Fww mkrqfs

Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd

Fww tiffs kwWk

nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt

izgG mkrqfs

MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfisf

nfhzLssd

rhdW toptif

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj

jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej

fzlwpjyfs

mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs

MzFwpia

clnrYjJtjd yk

Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ

cly kPJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy jjifa

clnrYjjy rpwpjhf

Uej nghOjpYk $l

ghjpffgglltu kPjhd

mjJkPwyfshfNt it

UfFk jdJ MzFwpia

Fjthapy myyJ

Nahdpapy nrYjJjy

myyJ NtW nghUlfis

clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs

clypy vejg

gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy myyJ

ghypay cWgGfs

ykhd mjJkPwyfs

(myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghYWgG ykhf

ghjpffgglltuJ cliy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh

hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ

thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ

kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs

tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ

Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd

rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)

VjhtJ nghUsfs

myyJ clypyd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

Nkwnfhssggll

mjJkPwyfs

VjhtJ nghUlfs

myyJ clkgpd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

ngz cWggpDs ltlbia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(KghUpdh BrPrP)

gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz

cWggpDs clnrYjjp

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd

rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)

thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs

rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh

mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW

Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd

gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m

gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ

ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff

Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs

g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey

viiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik

tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf

fhtypy itjjy Nghdw

mrrqfs kwWk cstpay

hPjpahd mOjjqfs

myyJ mjpfhuj

JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg

gpuNahfpggjd yk

gytejkhf myyJ

mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd

ykhf jjifa

mjJkPwyfs ioffggly

myyJ mjjifa egufs

thOfpdw oyfisj

jkfFr rhjfkhf

gadgLjjpf nfhzL

mjjifa egufs jkJ

tpUggjijj njhptpff

Kbahj oepiyfspy

gytejkhf mtufSfF

vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

gytejk ykhd

mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghypay cWggpd ykhf

ghjpffggllthpd clypy

VjhtJ ghfjjpDs

mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl

rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag

gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs

(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll

fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

cstpay hPjpahf myyJ

kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt

gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd

rhdWfs

clypay hPjpahf

gytejjijg

gpuNahfpjjikffhd

rhdWfs

mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy

ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf

mtwiw vjpujjikffhd

rhdWfs

gajjpd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis

miojjikffhd rhdWfs

(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)

jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd

Nghjhd rhdWfs

mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ

gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs

tdKiwapdhy Vwgll

mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

cstpay hPjpahd

mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk

njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

rkkjk njhptpffgglhik

myyJ jhdhf

KdteJ gqFgwwpaik

dikffhd rhdWfs

czikahd rkkjjijj

njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik

njhlughd rhdWfs

jLgGffhtypy

Uejikffhd rhdWfs

thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs

b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-

Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y

ixgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs

Fww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

oikT

Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld

jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs

FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)

nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs

nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)

guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs

jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs

gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)

jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs

Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)

xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs

Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)

jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd

Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd

mbggilapy jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssggllikffhd

rhdWfs (kwWk)

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Uggjwfhd rhdWfs

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jjifa jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssgglld

mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)

xgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

oikTgt njhlurrp

nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld

VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs

jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)

jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)

[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]

muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs

cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)

mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)

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jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)

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Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

xigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

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mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

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Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

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Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)

mjpfhupapd rhdWfs

Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)

Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)

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tprhuizfis myyJ eputhf hPjpahd kwWk xOffhwW eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLk mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs

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FwwkpiojtUfF tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuKk flLgghLfSk fhzgglld (nghJkffs fllisj jsgjpfs)

cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs

csehlL rlljpllqfs ykhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ mjpfhuk nrYjJtjwfhd rejuggqfs toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndahimana TJ)reNjf eghplk cjjuTfisAk fllisfisAk tpLggjwfhd mjpfhuk fhzggllJld mjd mbggilapy mit nrawgLjjggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizeyimana TJ Ndahimana TJ)

Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)

Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs

jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)

xiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

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Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll egu czikapy mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll reNjf egUfF mwptpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizey- imana TJ)reNjf egUfF Fwwthspfisj njhpAk vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ)ghjpffgglltufis reNjf egu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Aleksovski TJ)

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flej fhy Fwwqfs njhlugpy jzlidfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAssik njhlughd rhdWfs (Karadzic TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWfpdw uhZt Copaufs tdKiwahf myyJ cWjpaww gzGfspd mbggilapy nrawgllhufs vdw jfty reNjf egUfFf fpiljjikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac AJ)

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Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF mtrpakhd epahaG+utkhd eltbfiffis vLggjwFj jtwpaik (myyJ)

Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF epahaG+utkhd tifapy chpa cjjuTfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdw rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)Fwwqfs ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ elfFk gb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJiuggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwk ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ eleJnfhsSkgb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJf $wj jtwpaikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwr nrayfspy reNjf egUk gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Al- eksovski TJ)

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reNjf egu Fwwqfs gwwp mwptpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagoso- ra et al AJ)

jd tpisthf Fwwqfs ioffgglld

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ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013

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N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh

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rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL

Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005

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kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011

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O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk

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O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk

a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk

c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs

xxxgpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)

e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs

Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ

O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk

O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)

tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk

ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk

O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk

O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw

O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk

bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs

jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs

bull nghJthd mkrqfs

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs

murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs

Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs

bull njhluGss mkrqfs

tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs

njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs

Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs

xxxigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs

O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk

O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd

O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)

O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk

ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk

O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)

O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk

O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ

njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk

bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy

bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs

bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd

Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk

bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy

bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)

bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)

bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs

KbTffllk

O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)

O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk

O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)

O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs

xxxiigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk

O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs

O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk

O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk

O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)

O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

xxxiiigpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ

rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll

juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk

1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)

2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)

3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy

4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp

5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk

6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau

7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau

8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)

9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop

10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp

11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk

12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)

13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ

xxxivgpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)

15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk

16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk

19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs

20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk

21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs

22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs

23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)

xxxvgpdizgG 9

fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

g pd izg G 9

rhdW NrfhpgG fhty

njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp

njhlurrp

tofF y

NkwNfhs y

Nrfhpffggll jpfjp

Nrfhpffggll Neuk

rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk

tpsffk

fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk

Nrfhpjjth

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

gpddpizgG 9 fhty

njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

xxxvigpdizgG 9

fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

g pd izg G 9

rhdW NrfhpgG fhty

njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp

njhlurrp

tofF y

NkwNfhs y

Nrfhpffggll jpfjp

Nrfhpffggll Neuk

rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk

tpsffk

fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk

Nrfhpjjth

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

xxxviiGjjfgglbay

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De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

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Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

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Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

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Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

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`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

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rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

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Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

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Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

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ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

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kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

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UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

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cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

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1 gyhjfhukgt mrRWjjy myyJ gytejk Mfpatwiwg gpuNahfpjJ tdKiw njhlughd mrrqfis VwgLjjygt rpiwthrkgt jLgGffhtypy itjjygt cstpay rhuej mOjjqfs myyJ mjpfhuj JgpuNahfqfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjjp xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ ghypaypy ltLgLtjwfhd epuggejjij Fwwkpiojjtu VwgLjJjy kwWk gytejkhd oepiyfspy thofpdw nghOJ mjjifa egufs jkJ tpUggjjpidj njhptpggjwNfh kWggjwNfh Mwwywwtufshf Ugghufsgt ejr oepiyia jkfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjpfnfhssy

2 ghypay jdik nghUejpa nrayfSfFg gpujpaPlhf myyJ mtwWld njhluGila gzk rhuej edikfisf Fwwkpiojjtu myyJ NtnwhU egu ngwWfnfhssy myyJ ngwWfnfhstjwF vjpughujjy

gytejkhf fUjjhpffrnrajy ndash mkrqfs

1 VjhtJ kffs $llnkhdwpd d hPjpahd Mfftiktpy jhffjjpid VwgLjJk Nehffpy myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghhpa tdKiwfis myyJ kPwyfis iofFk Nehffpy xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll ngzfis gytejkhf Fwwkpiojjtu fUjjhpffr nrajy

fllha fUjjil ndash mkrqfs

1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufsJ dgngUff Mwwyfis clypay hPjpahf Fwwkpiojjtu jLjjy

2 kUjJt hPjpahfNth myyJ itjjparhiyr rpfprir ykhfNt ej egufsJ eljijfis vej tpjjjpYk epahaggLjj KbahJ NkYk tufsJ Neuikahd rkkjjJld it Nkwnfhssggltpyiy

9 FwpgG NkwFwpggpll VjhtJ Fwwqfs murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy mlfFKiw hPjpahf NkwnfhssgglbUfFk glrjjpy mjid khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwkhfgt xU mlfFkiwahff fUj KbAk jjifa rejuggqfspy VjhtJ mlfFKiw rhuej Nehffk cssjh vdgijj jPukhdpfFk Kfkhfgt mtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt fijjj Kiw Nghdwd gwwpa Nfstpfs NflfggLtJ KffpakhFk jjifa mlfF Kiwfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk ghypay rhuejjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpakpyiy UggpDk murpaw fUjJffsgt myyJ dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rka hPjpahd izgGfsgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy jdpegufs yffhfj jhffggLk NghJ kwWk ghypay tdKiw rhuej Fwwr nrayfshf it UfFk glrjjpy mlfFKiw rhuej FwwqfSld it njhluGilajhf UfFk

ghypay tdKiw ndash mkrqfs

1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ gyhjfhukhfNth myyJ mrRWjjyfisg gpuNahfpjNjh myyJ gytejggLjjpNah Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay hPjpahd eljijfspy ltLgly NkYkgt tdKiw gpuNahfpffgglyhk vdw gajjpd fhuzkhf myyJ rpiwapy itffggLNthk myyJ jLjJ itffggLNthk myyJ cstpay hPjpahd mOjjqfisg gpuNahfpjjy myyJ mjpfhu JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiw mjjifa egufs myyJ egUfF vjpuhf Fwwkpiojjtu gpuNahfpjJ mej egufs thoej gytejr oepiyia jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp jdJ rkkjjijj njhptpff Mwwy yyhj oiyj jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay eljijfspy ltLgLtjwF mtufis epuggejpjjy

2 khDljjpwF vjpuhd Vida FwwqfSld xgGNehfFifapy jjifa FwwqfSk mNjasthd jPtpujjdik nfhzlitahFk

3 jjifa oyfspd jPtpujjdikia edF mwpej epiyapNyNa Fwwkpiojjtu nrawglLsshu

mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs

1 rutNjr rllqfSfF Kuzhf xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs jkJ mbggil chpikfis mDgtpggjpypUeJk Fwwkpiojjtu mtufisj jLjjy

2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly

3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly

4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly

vgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs

fPNo Fwpggplggll Fwwqfs vjjifa oiktpy ioffgglLssd (cjhuzkhfgt Ajjf Fwwqfsgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfsgt dggLnfhiy myyJ mjid tpl Nkhrkhditfs Nghdw Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd)

khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs

1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld

3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy

4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk

Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs

1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)

2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd

3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10

4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy

5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy

10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu

11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt

rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd

12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ

mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ

2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld

Fwwkpiojjtu jjifa nrayfis NkwnfhzLsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs css rejuggqfspy

13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld

njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs

ykhff fhlLjy NtzLk nghWgGf$wYfF Nkyjpfkhf jid czujJtJ mtrpakhFk J njhlughd tplaqfs

3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw

egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy

dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12

1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy

bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy

bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy

bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy

bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy

bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy

2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13

3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs

vigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14

FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15

Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs

Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16

fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy

uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs

1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs

2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy

3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy

4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif

kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd

Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ

nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ

Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd

15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk

ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk

Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs

njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau

klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs

Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa

rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa

rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk

16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ

VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ

$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF

FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy

myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf

fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF

toqFjy Nghdwd

rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs

1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy

2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy

3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd

4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy

5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

viigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T

Fww mkrqfs

Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd

Fww tiffs kwWk

nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt

izgG mkrqfs

MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfisf

nfhzLssd

rhdW toptif

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj

jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej

fzlwpjyfs

mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs

MzFwpia

clnrYjJtjd yk

Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ

cly kPJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy jjifa

clnrYjjy rpwpjhf

Uej nghOjpYk $l

ghjpffgglltu kPjhd

mjJkPwyfshfNt it

UfFk jdJ MzFwpia

Fjthapy myyJ

Nahdpapy nrYjJjy

myyJ NtW nghUlfis

clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs

clypy vejg

gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy myyJ

ghypay cWgGfs

ykhd mjJkPwyfs

(myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghYWgG ykhf

ghjpffgglltuJ cliy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh

hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ

thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ

kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs

tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ

Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd

rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)

VjhtJ nghUsfs

myyJ clypyd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

Nkwnfhssggll

mjJkPwyfs

VjhtJ nghUlfs

myyJ clkgpd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

ngz cWggpDs ltlbia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(KghUpdh BrPrP)

gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz

cWggpDs clnrYjjp

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd

rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)

thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs

rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh

mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW

Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd

gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m

gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ

ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff

Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs

g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey

viiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik

tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf

fhtypy itjjy Nghdw

mrrqfs kwWk cstpay

hPjpahd mOjjqfs

myyJ mjpfhuj

JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg

gpuNahfpggjd yk

gytejkhf myyJ

mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd

ykhf jjifa

mjJkPwyfs ioffggly

myyJ mjjifa egufs

thOfpdw oyfisj

jkfFr rhjfkhf

gadgLjjpf nfhzL

mjjifa egufs jkJ

tpUggjijj njhptpff

Kbahj oepiyfspy

gytejkhf mtufSfF

vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

gytejk ykhd

mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghypay cWggpd ykhf

ghjpffggllthpd clypy

VjhtJ ghfjjpDs

mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl

rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag

gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs

(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll

fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

cstpay hPjpahf myyJ

kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt

gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd

rhdWfs

clypay hPjpahf

gytejjijg

gpuNahfpjjikffhd

rhdWfs

mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy

ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf

mtwiw vjpujjikffhd

rhdWfs

gajjpd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis

miojjikffhd rhdWfs

(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)

jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd

Nghjhd rhdWfs

mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ

gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs

tdKiwapdhy Vwgll

mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

cstpay hPjpahd

mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk

njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

rkkjk njhptpffgglhik

myyJ jhdhf

KdteJ gqFgwwpaik

dikffhd rhdWfs

czikahd rkkjjijj

njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik

njhlughd rhdWfs

jLgGffhtypy

Uejikffhd rhdWfs

thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs

b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-

Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y

ixgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs

Fww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

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Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld

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FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)

nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs

nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)

guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs

jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs

gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)

jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs

Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)

xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs

Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)

jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd

Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd

mbggilapy jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssggllikffhd

rhdWfs (kwWk)

mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

nghJkffs kPJ

jhfFjyfs

NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd

myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu

vdw mwpT

FwwkpiojjtUfF

Uggjwfhd rhdWfs

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jjifa jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssgglld

mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)

xgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

oikTgt njhlurrp

nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld

VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs

jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)

jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)

[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]

muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs

cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)

mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)

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Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu

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jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

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jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

xigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

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gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfis

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epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs

rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)

mjpfhupapd rhdWfs

Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)

Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)

Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs

tprhuizfis myyJ eputhf hPjpahd kwWk xOffhwW eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLk mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs

mjpfhhpfSfFg gjtpAauT toqFjy myyJ mtufis gjtpapypUeJ mfwWjy njhlughf reNjf egUfFss mjpfhuqfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)

FwwkpiojtUfF tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuKk flLgghLfSk fhzgglld (nghJkffs fllisj jsgjpfs)

cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs

csehlL rlljpllqfs ykhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ mjpfhuk nrYjJtjwfhd rejuggqfs toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndahimana TJ)reNjf eghplk cjjuTfisAk fllisfisAk tpLggjwfhd mjpfhuk fhzggllJld mjd mbggilapy mit nrawgLjjggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizeyimana TJ Ndahimana TJ)

Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)

Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs

jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)

xiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpiojjij mtu mwpejpUff KbAk myyJ mwpejpUfff $Lk

uhZtjjpdu Fwwkpioffpwhufs myyJ Fwwkpioffg Nghfpwhufs vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu

Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll egu czikapy mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll reNjf egUfF mwptpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizey- imana TJ)reNjf egUfF Fwwthspfisj njhpAk vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ)ghjpffgglltufis reNjf egu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Aleksovski TJ)

uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffdwhufs myyJ Fwwqfis ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij oepiyfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapy Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu

uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffpdwhufs myyJ ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij rkgejggll egu mwpejpUejikffhd rhdWfs

flej fhy Fwwqfs njhlugpy jzlidfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAssik njhlughd rhdWfs (Karadzic TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWfpdw uhZt Copaufs tdKiwahf myyJ cWjpaww gzGfspd mbggilapy nrawgllhufs vdw jfty reNjf egUfFf fpiljjikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac AJ)

Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ chpa jzlidfisf FwwthspfSfF toqFtjwNfh myyJ tprhuizfis chpa mjpfhhpfSfF rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffs Nkwnfhssggltpyiy

Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF mtrpakhd epahaG+utkhd eltbfiffis vLggjwFj jtwpaik (myyJ)

Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF epahaG+utkhd tifapy chpa cjjuTfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdw rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)Fwwqfs ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ elfFk gb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJiuggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwk ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ eleJnfhsSkgb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJf $wj jtwpaikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwr nrayfspy reNjf egUk gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Al- eksovski TJ)

jdJ mjpfhu tukgpDs Fwwqfs ioffg gLtijj jLggjwF Vww tifapy chpa Kiwapy jdJ mjpfhujijg gpuNahfpggjwF Fwwk iojjtu jtwpAsshu

Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwfhd mtrpakhdgt rfytpjkhdgt epahaG+utkhd cjjuTfisAk reNjf egu toqFtjwFj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ntawukulilyayo TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufis xOffKsstufshf khwWtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Delalić et al TJ)rkgejgglltufSfF vjpuhf xOffhwW eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtjwFg gjpyhf mtufSfFk (fPo gzpahsufSfF) gjtp cauT toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwqfs gwwp jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSld fyeJiuahLtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)rllkww oepiy xdwpid rkgejggll egu cUthffpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ)Fwwqfspy reNjf egu gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)tprhuizfis KdndLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Hadži- hasanović kwWk Kubura TJ)

Fwwk iojjtu jdJ mjpfhu tukgpwFs Fwwqfs gwwpa tplaqfs njhlugpy tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhstjwF Vww tifapy mtwiw jFjp thaej mjpfhhpfsplk rkuggpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

reNjf egu Fwwqfs gwwp mwptpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagoso- ra et al AJ)

jd tpisthf Fwwqfs ioffgglld

rutNjr Fwwtpay epahahjpffr rigfspdhy epampgpggJ gwwp vjjifa topKiwfSk jPukhdpffggltpyiy

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g pd izg G 2

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mrRWjjy yqfSffhd cjhuzqfs

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g pd izg G 5

g pd d pizg G

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs

ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012

ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy

ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk

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twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif

N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh

ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG

rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL

Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005

mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif

kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011

ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs

kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013

ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011

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mtprakhdit

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mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs

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cqfsJ igapDs

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kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs

Milfsftufs

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Vidait

mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs

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hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs

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Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

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1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr

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O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk

O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk

O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk

O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk

O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk

O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk

O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk

O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk

O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk

O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk

O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk

O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk

O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk

mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy

O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk

a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk

c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs

xxxgpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)

e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs

Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ

O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk

O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)

tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk

ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk

O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk

O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw

O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk

bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs

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bull nghJthd mkrqfs

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs

murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs

Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs

bull njhluGss mkrqfs

tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs

njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs

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xxxigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs

O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk

O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd

O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)

O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk

ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk

O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)

O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk

O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ

njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk

bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy

bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs

bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd

Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk

bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy

bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)

bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)

bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs

KbTffllk

O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)

O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk

O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)

O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs

xxxiigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk

O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs

O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk

O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk

O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)

O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

xxxiiigpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ

rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll

juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk

1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)

2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)

3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy

4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp

5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk

6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau

7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau

8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)

9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop

10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp

11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk

12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)

13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ

xxxivgpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)

15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk

16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk

19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs

20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk

21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs

22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs

23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)

xxxvgpdizgG 9

fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

g pd izg G 9

rhdW NrfhpgG fhty

njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp

njhlurrp

tofF y

NkwNfhs y

Nrfhpffggll jpfjp

Nrfhpffggll Neuk

rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk

tpsffk

fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk

Nrfhpjjth

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

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Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo

TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO

World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

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21 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Stevan Todorovic jzlidj jPugG Trial Chamber IT-95-91-S 31 a+iy 2001 sect 38-40 httpwwwictyorgxcasestodorovictjugentod-tj010731epdf

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1 gyhjfhukgt mrRWjjy myyJ gytejk Mfpatwiwg gpuNahfpjJ tdKiw njhlughd mrrqfis VwgLjjygt rpiwthrkgt jLgGffhtypy itjjygt cstpay rhuej mOjjqfs myyJ mjpfhuj JgpuNahfqfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjjp xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ ghypaypy ltLgLtjwfhd epuggejjij Fwwkpiojjtu VwgLjJjy kwWk gytejkhd oepiyfspy thofpdw nghOJ mjjifa egufs jkJ tpUggjjpidj njhptpggjwNfh kWggjwNfh Mwwywwtufshf Ugghufsgt ejr oepiyia jkfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjpfnfhssy

2 ghypay jdik nghUejpa nrayfSfFg gpujpaPlhf myyJ mtwWld njhluGila gzk rhuej edikfisf Fwwkpiojjtu myyJ NtnwhU egu ngwWfnfhssy myyJ ngwWfnfhstjwF vjpughujjy

gytejkhf fUjjhpffrnrajy ndash mkrqfs

1 VjhtJ kffs $llnkhdwpd d hPjpahd Mfftiktpy jhffjjpid VwgLjJk Nehffpy myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghhpa tdKiwfis myyJ kPwyfis iofFk Nehffpy xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll ngzfis gytejkhf Fwwkpiojjtu fUjjhpffr nrajy

fllha fUjjil ndash mkrqfs

1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufsJ dgngUff Mwwyfis clypay hPjpahf Fwwkpiojjtu jLjjy

2 kUjJt hPjpahfNth myyJ itjjparhiyr rpfprir ykhfNt ej egufsJ eljijfis vej tpjjjpYk epahaggLjj KbahJ NkYk tufsJ Neuikahd rkkjjJld it Nkwnfhssggltpyiy

9 FwpgG NkwFwpggpll VjhtJ Fwwqfs murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy mlfFKiw hPjpahf NkwnfhssgglbUfFk glrjjpy mjid khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwkhfgt xU mlfFkiwahff fUj KbAk jjifa rejuggqfspy VjhtJ mlfFKiw rhuej Nehffk cssjh vdgijj jPukhdpfFk Kfkhfgt mtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt fijjj Kiw Nghdwd gwwpa Nfstpfs NflfggLtJ KffpakhFk jjifa mlfF Kiwfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk ghypay rhuejjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpakpyiy UggpDk murpaw fUjJffsgt myyJ dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rka hPjpahd izgGfsgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy jdpegufs yffhfj jhffggLk NghJ kwWk ghypay tdKiw rhuej Fwwr nrayfshf it UfFk glrjjpy mlfFKiw rhuej FwwqfSld it njhluGilajhf UfFk

ghypay tdKiw ndash mkrqfs

1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ gyhjfhukhfNth myyJ mrRWjjyfisg gpuNahfpjNjh myyJ gytejggLjjpNah Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay hPjpahd eljijfspy ltLgly NkYkgt tdKiw gpuNahfpffgglyhk vdw gajjpd fhuzkhf myyJ rpiwapy itffggLNthk myyJ jLjJ itffggLNthk myyJ cstpay hPjpahd mOjjqfisg gpuNahfpjjy myyJ mjpfhu JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiw mjjifa egufs myyJ egUfF vjpuhf Fwwkpiojjtu gpuNahfpjJ mej egufs thoej gytejr oepiyia jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp jdJ rkkjjijj njhptpff Mwwy yyhj oiyj jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay eljijfspy ltLgLtjwF mtufis epuggejpjjy

2 khDljjpwF vjpuhd Vida FwwqfSld xgGNehfFifapy jjifa FwwqfSk mNjasthd jPtpujjdik nfhzlitahFk

3 jjifa oyfspd jPtpujjdikia edF mwpej epiyapNyNa Fwwkpiojjtu nrawglLsshu

mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs

1 rutNjr rllqfSfF Kuzhf xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs jkJ mbggil chpikfis mDgtpggjpypUeJk Fwwkpiojjtu mtufisj jLjjy

2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly

3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly

4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly

vgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs

fPNo Fwpggplggll Fwwqfs vjjifa oiktpy ioffgglLssd (cjhuzkhfgt Ajjf Fwwqfsgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfsgt dggLnfhiy myyJ mjid tpl Nkhrkhditfs Nghdw Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd)

khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs

1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld

3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy

4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk

Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs

1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)

2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd

3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10

4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy

5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy

10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu

11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt

rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd

12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ

mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ

2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld

Fwwkpiojjtu jjifa nrayfis NkwnfhzLsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs css rejuggqfspy

13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld

njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs

ykhff fhlLjy NtzLk nghWgGf$wYfF Nkyjpfkhf jid czujJtJ mtrpakhFk J njhlughd tplaqfs

3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw

egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy

dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12

1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy

bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy

bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy

bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy

bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy

bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy

2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13

3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs

vigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14

FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15

Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs

Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16

fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy

uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs

1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs

2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy

3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy

4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif

kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd

Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ

nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ

Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd

15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk

ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk

Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs

njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau

klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs

Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa

rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa

rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk

16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ

VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ

$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF

FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy

myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf

fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF

toqFjy Nghdwd

rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs

1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy

2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy

3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd

4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy

5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

viigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T

Fww mkrqfs

Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd

Fww tiffs kwWk

nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt

izgG mkrqfs

MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfisf

nfhzLssd

rhdW toptif

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj

jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej

fzlwpjyfs

mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs

MzFwpia

clnrYjJtjd yk

Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ

cly kPJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy jjifa

clnrYjjy rpwpjhf

Uej nghOjpYk $l

ghjpffgglltu kPjhd

mjJkPwyfshfNt it

UfFk jdJ MzFwpia

Fjthapy myyJ

Nahdpapy nrYjJjy

myyJ NtW nghUlfis

clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs

clypy vejg

gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy myyJ

ghypay cWgGfs

ykhd mjJkPwyfs

(myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghYWgG ykhf

ghjpffgglltuJ cliy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh

hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ

thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ

kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs

tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ

Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd

rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)

VjhtJ nghUsfs

myyJ clypyd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

Nkwnfhssggll

mjJkPwyfs

VjhtJ nghUlfs

myyJ clkgpd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

ngz cWggpDs ltlbia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(KghUpdh BrPrP)

gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz

cWggpDs clnrYjjp

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd

rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)

thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs

rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh

mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW

Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd

gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m

gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ

ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff

Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs

g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey

viiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik

tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf

fhtypy itjjy Nghdw

mrrqfs kwWk cstpay

hPjpahd mOjjqfs

myyJ mjpfhuj

JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg

gpuNahfpggjd yk

gytejkhf myyJ

mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd

ykhf jjifa

mjJkPwyfs ioffggly

myyJ mjjifa egufs

thOfpdw oyfisj

jkfFr rhjfkhf

gadgLjjpf nfhzL

mjjifa egufs jkJ

tpUggjijj njhptpff

Kbahj oepiyfspy

gytejkhf mtufSfF

vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

gytejk ykhd

mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghypay cWggpd ykhf

ghjpffggllthpd clypy

VjhtJ ghfjjpDs

mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl

rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag

gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs

(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll

fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

cstpay hPjpahf myyJ

kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt

gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd

rhdWfs

clypay hPjpahf

gytejjijg

gpuNahfpjjikffhd

rhdWfs

mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy

ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf

mtwiw vjpujjikffhd

rhdWfs

gajjpd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis

miojjikffhd rhdWfs

(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)

jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd

Nghjhd rhdWfs

mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ

gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs

tdKiwapdhy Vwgll

mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

cstpay hPjpahd

mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk

njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

rkkjk njhptpffgglhik

myyJ jhdhf

KdteJ gqFgwwpaik

dikffhd rhdWfs

czikahd rkkjjijj

njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik

njhlughd rhdWfs

jLgGffhtypy

Uejikffhd rhdWfs

thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs

b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-

Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y

ixgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs

Fww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

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Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld

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FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)

nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs

nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)

guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs

jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs

gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)

jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs

Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)

xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs

Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)

jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd

Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd

mbggilapy jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssggllikffhd

rhdWfs (kwWk)

mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

nghJkffs kPJ

jhfFjyfs

NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd

myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu

vdw mwpT

FwwkpiojjtUfF

Uggjwfhd rhdWfs

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jjifa jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssgglld

mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)

xgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

oikTgt njhlurrp

nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld

VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs

jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)

jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)

[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]

muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs

cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)

mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)

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Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu

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jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

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jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

xigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

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gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfis

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epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs

rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)

mjpfhupapd rhdWfs

Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)

Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)

Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs

tprhuizfis myyJ eputhf hPjpahd kwWk xOffhwW eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLk mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs

mjpfhhpfSfFg gjtpAauT toqFjy myyJ mtufis gjtpapypUeJ mfwWjy njhlughf reNjf egUfFss mjpfhuqfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)

FwwkpiojtUfF tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuKk flLgghLfSk fhzgglld (nghJkffs fllisj jsgjpfs)

cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs

csehlL rlljpllqfs ykhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ mjpfhuk nrYjJtjwfhd rejuggqfs toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndahimana TJ)reNjf eghplk cjjuTfisAk fllisfisAk tpLggjwfhd mjpfhuk fhzggllJld mjd mbggilapy mit nrawgLjjggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizeyimana TJ Ndahimana TJ)

Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)

Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs

jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)

xiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpiojjij mtu mwpejpUff KbAk myyJ mwpejpUfff $Lk

uhZtjjpdu Fwwkpioffpwhufs myyJ Fwwkpioffg Nghfpwhufs vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu

Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll egu czikapy mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll reNjf egUfF mwptpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizey- imana TJ)reNjf egUfF Fwwthspfisj njhpAk vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ)ghjpffgglltufis reNjf egu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Aleksovski TJ)

uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffdwhufs myyJ Fwwqfis ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij oepiyfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapy Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu

uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffpdwhufs myyJ ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij rkgejggll egu mwpejpUejikffhd rhdWfs

flej fhy Fwwqfs njhlugpy jzlidfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAssik njhlughd rhdWfs (Karadzic TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWfpdw uhZt Copaufs tdKiwahf myyJ cWjpaww gzGfspd mbggilapy nrawgllhufs vdw jfty reNjf egUfFf fpiljjikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac AJ)

Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ chpa jzlidfisf FwwthspfSfF toqFtjwNfh myyJ tprhuizfis chpa mjpfhhpfSfF rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffs Nkwnfhssggltpyiy

Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF mtrpakhd epahaG+utkhd eltbfiffis vLggjwFj jtwpaik (myyJ)

Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF epahaG+utkhd tifapy chpa cjjuTfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdw rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)Fwwqfs ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ elfFk gb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJiuggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwk ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ eleJnfhsSkgb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJf $wj jtwpaikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwr nrayfspy reNjf egUk gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Al- eksovski TJ)

jdJ mjpfhu tukgpDs Fwwqfs ioffg gLtijj jLggjwF Vww tifapy chpa Kiwapy jdJ mjpfhujijg gpuNahfpggjwF Fwwk iojjtu jtwpAsshu

Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwfhd mtrpakhdgt rfytpjkhdgt epahaG+utkhd cjjuTfisAk reNjf egu toqFtjwFj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ntawukulilyayo TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufis xOffKsstufshf khwWtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Delalić et al TJ)rkgejgglltufSfF vjpuhf xOffhwW eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtjwFg gjpyhf mtufSfFk (fPo gzpahsufSfF) gjtp cauT toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwqfs gwwp jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSld fyeJiuahLtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)rllkww oepiy xdwpid rkgejggll egu cUthffpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ)Fwwqfspy reNjf egu gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)tprhuizfis KdndLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Hadži- hasanović kwWk Kubura TJ)

Fwwk iojjtu jdJ mjpfhu tukgpwFs Fwwqfs gwwpa tplaqfs njhlugpy tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhstjwF Vww tifapy mtwiw jFjp thaej mjpfhhpfsplk rkuggpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

reNjf egu Fwwqfs gwwp mwptpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagoso- ra et al AJ)

jd tpisthf Fwwqfs ioffgglld

rutNjr Fwwtpay epahahjpffr rigfspdhy epampgpggJ gwwp vjjifa topKiwfSk jPukhdpffggltpyiy

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g pd izg G 2

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mrRWjjy yqfSffhd cjhuzqfs

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g pd izg G 5

g pd d pizg G

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs

ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012

ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy

ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk

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twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif

N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh

ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG

rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL

Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005

mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif

kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011

ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs

kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013

ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011

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mtprakhdit

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mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs

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cqfsJ igapDs

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kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs

Milfsftufs

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Vidait

mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs

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hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs

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Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

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1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr

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O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk

O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk

O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk

O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk

O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk

O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk

O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk

O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk

O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk

O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk

O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk

O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk

O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk

mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy

O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk

a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk

c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs

xxxgpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)

e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs

Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ

O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk

O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)

tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk

ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk

O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk

O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw

O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk

bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs

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bull nghJthd mkrqfs

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs

murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs

Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs

bull njhluGss mkrqfs

tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs

njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs

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xxxigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs

O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk

O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd

O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)

O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk

ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk

O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)

O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk

O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ

njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk

bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy

bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs

bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd

Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk

bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy

bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)

bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)

bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs

KbTffllk

O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)

O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk

O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)

O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs

xxxiigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk

O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs

O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk

O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk

O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)

O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

xxxiiigpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ

rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll

juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk

1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)

2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)

3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy

4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp

5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk

6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau

7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau

8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)

9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop

10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp

11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk

12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)

13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ

xxxivgpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)

15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk

16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk

19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs

20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk

21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs

22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs

23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)

xxxvgpdizgG 9

fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

g pd izg G 9

rhdW NrfhpgG fhty

njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp

njhlurrp

tofF y

NkwNfhs y

Nrfhpffggll jpfjp

Nrfhpffggll Neuk

rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk

tpsffk

fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk

Nrfhpjjth

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

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Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo

TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO

World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

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2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly

3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly

4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly

vgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs

fPNo Fwpggplggll Fwwqfs vjjifa oiktpy ioffgglLssd (cjhuzkhfgt Ajjf Fwwqfsgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfsgt dggLnfhiy myyJ mjid tpl Nkhrkhditfs Nghdw Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd)

khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs

1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld

3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy

4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk

Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs

1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)

2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd

3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10

4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy

5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy

10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu

11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt

rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd

12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ

mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ

2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld

Fwwkpiojjtu jjifa nrayfis NkwnfhzLsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs css rejuggqfspy

13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld

njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs

ykhff fhlLjy NtzLk nghWgGf$wYfF Nkyjpfkhf jid czujJtJ mtrpakhFk J njhlughd tplaqfs

3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw

egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy

dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12

1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy

bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy

bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy

bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy

bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy

bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy

2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13

3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs

vigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14

FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15

Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs

Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16

fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy

uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs

1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs

2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy

3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy

4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif

kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd

Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ

nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ

Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd

15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk

ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk

Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs

njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau

klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs

Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa

rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa

rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk

16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ

VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ

$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF

FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy

myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf

fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF

toqFjy Nghdwd

rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs

1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy

2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy

3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd

4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy

5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

viigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T

Fww mkrqfs

Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd

Fww tiffs kwWk

nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt

izgG mkrqfs

MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfisf

nfhzLssd

rhdW toptif

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj

jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej

fzlwpjyfs

mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs

MzFwpia

clnrYjJtjd yk

Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ

cly kPJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy jjifa

clnrYjjy rpwpjhf

Uej nghOjpYk $l

ghjpffgglltu kPjhd

mjJkPwyfshfNt it

UfFk jdJ MzFwpia

Fjthapy myyJ

Nahdpapy nrYjJjy

myyJ NtW nghUlfis

clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs

clypy vejg

gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy myyJ

ghypay cWgGfs

ykhd mjJkPwyfs

(myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghYWgG ykhf

ghjpffgglltuJ cliy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh

hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ

thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ

kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs

tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ

Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd

rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)

VjhtJ nghUsfs

myyJ clypyd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

Nkwnfhssggll

mjJkPwyfs

VjhtJ nghUlfs

myyJ clkgpd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

ngz cWggpDs ltlbia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(KghUpdh BrPrP)

gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz

cWggpDs clnrYjjp

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd

rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)

thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs

rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh

mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW

Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd

gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m

gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ

ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff

Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs

g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey

viiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik

tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf

fhtypy itjjy Nghdw

mrrqfs kwWk cstpay

hPjpahd mOjjqfs

myyJ mjpfhuj

JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg

gpuNahfpggjd yk

gytejkhf myyJ

mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd

ykhf jjifa

mjJkPwyfs ioffggly

myyJ mjjifa egufs

thOfpdw oyfisj

jkfFr rhjfkhf

gadgLjjpf nfhzL

mjjifa egufs jkJ

tpUggjijj njhptpff

Kbahj oepiyfspy

gytejkhf mtufSfF

vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

gytejk ykhd

mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghypay cWggpd ykhf

ghjpffggllthpd clypy

VjhtJ ghfjjpDs

mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl

rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag

gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs

(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll

fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

cstpay hPjpahf myyJ

kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt

gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd

rhdWfs

clypay hPjpahf

gytejjijg

gpuNahfpjjikffhd

rhdWfs

mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy

ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf

mtwiw vjpujjikffhd

rhdWfs

gajjpd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis

miojjikffhd rhdWfs

(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)

jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd

Nghjhd rhdWfs

mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ

gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs

tdKiwapdhy Vwgll

mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

cstpay hPjpahd

mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk

njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

rkkjk njhptpffgglhik

myyJ jhdhf

KdteJ gqFgwwpaik

dikffhd rhdWfs

czikahd rkkjjijj

njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik

njhlughd rhdWfs

jLgGffhtypy

Uejikffhd rhdWfs

thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs

b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-

Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y

ixgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs

Fww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

oikT

Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld

jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs

FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)

nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs

nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)

guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs

jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs

gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)

jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs

Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)

xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs

Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)

jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd

Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd

mbggilapy jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssggllikffhd

rhdWfs (kwWk)

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Uggjwfhd rhdWfs

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jjifa jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssgglld

mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)

xgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

oikTgt njhlurrp

nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld

VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs

jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)

jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)

[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]

muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs

cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)

mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)

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jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)

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Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

xigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

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mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

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Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

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Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)

mjpfhupapd rhdWfs

Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)

Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)

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tprhuizfis myyJ eputhf hPjpahd kwWk xOffhwW eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLk mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs

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FwwkpiojtUfF tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuKk flLgghLfSk fhzgglld (nghJkffs fllisj jsgjpfs)

cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs

csehlL rlljpllqfs ykhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ mjpfhuk nrYjJtjwfhd rejuggqfs toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndahimana TJ)reNjf eghplk cjjuTfisAk fllisfisAk tpLggjwfhd mjpfhuk fhzggllJld mjd mbggilapy mit nrawgLjjggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizeyimana TJ Ndahimana TJ)

Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)

Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs

jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)

xiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

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Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll egu czikapy mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll reNjf egUfF mwptpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizey- imana TJ)reNjf egUfF Fwwthspfisj njhpAk vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ)ghjpffgglltufis reNjf egu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Aleksovski TJ)

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flej fhy Fwwqfs njhlugpy jzlidfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAssik njhlughd rhdWfs (Karadzic TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWfpdw uhZt Copaufs tdKiwahf myyJ cWjpaww gzGfspd mbggilapy nrawgllhufs vdw jfty reNjf egUfFf fpiljjikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac AJ)

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Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF mtrpakhd epahaG+utkhd eltbfiffis vLggjwFj jtwpaik (myyJ)

Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF epahaG+utkhd tifapy chpa cjjuTfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdw rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)Fwwqfs ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ elfFk gb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJiuggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwk ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ eleJnfhsSkgb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJf $wj jtwpaikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwr nrayfspy reNjf egUk gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Al- eksovski TJ)

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reNjf egu Fwwqfs gwwp mwptpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagoso- ra et al AJ)

jd tpisthf Fwwqfs ioffgglld

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ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013

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N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh

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rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL

Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005

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kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011

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O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk

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O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk

a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk

c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs

xxxgpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)

e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs

Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ

O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk

O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)

tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk

ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk

O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk

O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw

O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk

bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs

jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs

bull nghJthd mkrqfs

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs

murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs

Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs

bull njhluGss mkrqfs

tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs

njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs

Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs

xxxigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs

O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk

O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd

O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)

O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk

ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk

O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)

O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk

O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ

njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk

bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy

bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs

bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd

Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk

bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy

bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)

bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)

bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs

KbTffllk

O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)

O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk

O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)

O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs

xxxiigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk

O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs

O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk

O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk

O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)

O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

xxxiiigpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ

rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll

juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk

1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)

2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)

3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy

4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp

5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk

6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau

7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau

8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)

9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop

10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp

11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk

12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)

13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ

xxxivgpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)

15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk

16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk

19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs

20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk

21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs

22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs

23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)

xxxvgpdizgG 9

fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

g pd izg G 9

rhdW NrfhpgG fhty

njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp

njhlurrp

tofF y

NkwNfhs y

Nrfhpffggll jpfjp

Nrfhpffggll Neuk

rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk

tpsffk

fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk

Nrfhpjjth

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

gpddpizgG 9 fhty

njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

xxxvigpdizgG 9

fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

g pd izg G 9

rhdW NrfhpgG fhty

njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp

njhlurrp

tofF y

NkwNfhs y

Nrfhpffggll jpfjp

Nrfhpffggll Neuk

rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk

tpsffk

fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk

Nrfhpjjth

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

xxxviiGjjfgglbay

Gj jfg glbay

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Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

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Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

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ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

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Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

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KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO

World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd

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19 rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquoLost in Translation MAjejhqfpa NkhjypdNghjhd epiyikfspy Mzfs kwWk MzgpsisfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwffhd Iehtpd gjpypWgGrsquo International Review of the Red Cross 92 259 272ndash275

20 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Dusko Tadic mgpggpuhak kwWk jPugG ICTY Trial Chamber IT-94-1-T 7 Nk 1997 sect 206 at httpwwwictyorgxcasestadictjugentad-tsj70507JT2-epdf jzlidj jPugG 11 etkgu 1999 at httpwwwictyorgxcasestadictjugentad-tsj991111epdf ICTY dhy MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw ifahsggll KjyhtJ tofF JthFk mjd gpddugt ICTY d Kdghfgt Milosevic Cesic Mucic Todorovic kwWk Simic csslqfyhd Vida tofFfspYk MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiw rkgtqfs tprhupffgglld Tadic toffpygt MzfSk ngzfSk Kfhkfspy tdGzutpwF clgLjjggllhufnsd FwwggfuT FwpggpLfpdwNghJkgt xUtUfnfhUtu MZWgig cwpQRkhW gytejggLjjggll ghjpffggll Mzfs njhlughd czikfsgt tdGzuT myyJ ghypay tdKiwapd Vida tbtqfs vdgij tpl rpjjputijgt nfh^ukhd kwWk kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfshfNt FwwQrhllggll mNjNtis ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd ghypay tdKiw rkgtqfs tdGzuthff FwwQrhllgglld

21 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Stevan Todorovic jzlidj jPugG Trial Chamber IT-95-91-S 31 a+iy 2001 sect 38-40 httpwwwictyorgxcasestodorovictjugentod-tj010731epdf

22 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Ranko Cesic jzlidj jPugG ICTY Trial Chamber I IT-95-101-S 11 khur 2004 sect 13-14 httpwww ictyorgxcasescesictjugences-tj040311epdf rrejuggjjpy khjjpuNk ghjpffggll MzfSfnfjpuhd ghypay tdKiwahdJ ICTY dhy tdGzuT vd FwwQrhllgglL tofFj njhLffggllJ

23 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Issa Hassan Sesay Morris Kallon Augustine Gbao jPugG Trial Chamber I SCSL-14-15-T 2 khur 2009 sect 1205 httpwwwrscslorgDocumentsDecisionsRUF1234SCSL-04-15-T-1234-searchablepdf tdGzutpwfhfg gpuNahfpffgglf$ba tiutpyffzkhdJ ghyepiy njhlugpy eLepiyahdnjdTk Mz ngz Mfpa UtUk tdGzutpdhy ghjpffgglyhnkdTk ePjpkdwk mqfPfupjJssNghJk ttplaqfs jdp kdpj khzgpd kPjhd mtkjpgG vdffUjp tofFj njhLffggllJ (sect146)

24 kjjpa Mgpupfff Fbaurpy fhzggLk epiyik tofFj njhLeu vjpu Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo Judgement pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute Trial Chamber III ICC-0105-0108 21 khur 2016 sect 494 498 kwWk 637 httpswwwicc-cpiintCourtRecordsCR2016_02238PDF

25 tofFj njhLeu vjpu Hissegravene Habreacute jPugGgt 30 Nk 2016 sect610-624 sect1564-1570 httpwwwchambresafricainesorgpdfJugement_completpdf

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klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs

Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa

rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa

rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk

16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ

VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ

$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF

FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy

myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf

fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF

toqFjy Nghdwd

rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs

1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy

2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy

3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd

4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy

5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

viigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T

Fww mkrqfs

Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd

Fww tiffs kwWk

nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt

izgG mkrqfs

MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfisf

nfhzLssd

rhdW toptif

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj

jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej

fzlwpjyfs

mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs

MzFwpia

clnrYjJtjd yk

Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ

cly kPJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy jjifa

clnrYjjy rpwpjhf

Uej nghOjpYk $l

ghjpffgglltu kPjhd

mjJkPwyfshfNt it

UfFk jdJ MzFwpia

Fjthapy myyJ

Nahdpapy nrYjJjy

myyJ NtW nghUlfis

clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs

clypy vejg

gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy myyJ

ghypay cWgGfs

ykhd mjJkPwyfs

(myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghYWgG ykhf

ghjpffgglltuJ cliy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh

hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ

thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ

kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs

tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ

Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd

rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)

VjhtJ nghUsfs

myyJ clypyd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

Nkwnfhssggll

mjJkPwyfs

VjhtJ nghUlfs

myyJ clkgpd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

ngz cWggpDs ltlbia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(KghUpdh BrPrP)

gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz

cWggpDs clnrYjjp

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd

rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)

thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs

rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh

mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW

Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd

gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m

gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ

ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff

Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs

g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey

viiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik

tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf

fhtypy itjjy Nghdw

mrrqfs kwWk cstpay

hPjpahd mOjjqfs

myyJ mjpfhuj

JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg

gpuNahfpggjd yk

gytejkhf myyJ

mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd

ykhf jjifa

mjJkPwyfs ioffggly

myyJ mjjifa egufs

thOfpdw oyfisj

jkfFr rhjfkhf

gadgLjjpf nfhzL

mjjifa egufs jkJ

tpUggjijj njhptpff

Kbahj oepiyfspy

gytejkhf mtufSfF

vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

gytejk ykhd

mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghypay cWggpd ykhf

ghjpffggllthpd clypy

VjhtJ ghfjjpDs

mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl

rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag

gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs

(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll

fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

cstpay hPjpahf myyJ

kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt

gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd

rhdWfs

clypay hPjpahf

gytejjijg

gpuNahfpjjikffhd

rhdWfs

mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy

ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf

mtwiw vjpujjikffhd

rhdWfs

gajjpd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis

miojjikffhd rhdWfs

(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)

jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd

Nghjhd rhdWfs

mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ

gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs

tdKiwapdhy Vwgll

mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

cstpay hPjpahd

mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk

njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

rkkjk njhptpffgglhik

myyJ jhdhf

KdteJ gqFgwwpaik

dikffhd rhdWfs

czikahd rkkjjijj

njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik

njhlughd rhdWfs

jLgGffhtypy

Uejikffhd rhdWfs

thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs

b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-

Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y

ixgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs

Fww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

oikT

Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld

jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs

FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)

nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs

nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)

guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs

jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs

gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)

jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs

Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)

xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs

Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)

jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd

Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd

mbggilapy jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssggllikffhd

rhdWfs (kwWk)

mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

nghJkffs kPJ

jhfFjyfs

NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd

myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu

vdw mwpT

FwwkpiojjtUfF

Uggjwfhd rhdWfs

jd Xu mqfkhfNt

jjifa jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssgglld

mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)

xgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

oikTgt njhlurrp

nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld

VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs

jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)

jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)

[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]

muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs

cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)

mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)

nkd] wpah

Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu

jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)

jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

xigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfis

csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs

rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)

mjpfhupapd rhdWfs

Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)

Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

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ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013

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N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh

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rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL

Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005

mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif

kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011

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Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ

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cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

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2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly

3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly

4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly

vgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs

fPNo Fwpggplggll Fwwqfs vjjifa oiktpy ioffgglLssd (cjhuzkhfgt Ajjf Fwwqfsgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfsgt dggLnfhiy myyJ mjid tpl Nkhrkhditfs Nghdw Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd)

khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs

1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld

3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy

4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk

Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs

1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)

2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd

3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10

4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy

5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy

10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu

11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt

rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd

12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ

mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ

2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld

Fwwkpiojjtu jjifa nrayfis NkwnfhzLsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs css rejuggqfspy

13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld

njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs

ykhff fhlLjy NtzLk nghWgGf$wYfF Nkyjpfkhf jid czujJtJ mtrpakhFk J njhlughd tplaqfs

3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw

egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy

dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12

1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy

bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy

bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy

bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy

bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy

bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy

2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13

3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs

vigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14

FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15

Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs

Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16

fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy

uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs

1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs

2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy

3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy

4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif

kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd

Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ

nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ

Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd

15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk

ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk

Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs

njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau

klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs

Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa

rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa

rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk

16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ

VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ

$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF

FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy

myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf

fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF

toqFjy Nghdwd

rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs

1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy

2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy

3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd

4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy

5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

viigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T

Fww mkrqfs

Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd

Fww tiffs kwWk

nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt

izgG mkrqfs

MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfisf

nfhzLssd

rhdW toptif

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj

jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej

fzlwpjyfs

mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs

MzFwpia

clnrYjJtjd yk

Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ

cly kPJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy jjifa

clnrYjjy rpwpjhf

Uej nghOjpYk $l

ghjpffgglltu kPjhd

mjJkPwyfshfNt it

UfFk jdJ MzFwpia

Fjthapy myyJ

Nahdpapy nrYjJjy

myyJ NtW nghUlfis

clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs

clypy vejg

gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy myyJ

ghypay cWgGfs

ykhd mjJkPwyfs

(myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghYWgG ykhf

ghjpffgglltuJ cliy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh

hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ

thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ

kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs

tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ

Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd

rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)

VjhtJ nghUsfs

myyJ clypyd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

Nkwnfhssggll

mjJkPwyfs

VjhtJ nghUlfs

myyJ clkgpd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

ngz cWggpDs ltlbia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(KghUpdh BrPrP)

gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz

cWggpDs clnrYjjp

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd

rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)

thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs

rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh

mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW

Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd

gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m

gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ

ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff

Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs

g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey

viiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik

tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf

fhtypy itjjy Nghdw

mrrqfs kwWk cstpay

hPjpahd mOjjqfs

myyJ mjpfhuj

JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg

gpuNahfpggjd yk

gytejkhf myyJ

mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd

ykhf jjifa

mjJkPwyfs ioffggly

myyJ mjjifa egufs

thOfpdw oyfisj

jkfFr rhjfkhf

gadgLjjpf nfhzL

mjjifa egufs jkJ

tpUggjijj njhptpff

Kbahj oepiyfspy

gytejkhf mtufSfF

vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

gytejk ykhd

mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghypay cWggpd ykhf

ghjpffggllthpd clypy

VjhtJ ghfjjpDs

mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl

rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag

gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs

(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll

fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

cstpay hPjpahf myyJ

kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt

gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd

rhdWfs

clypay hPjpahf

gytejjijg

gpuNahfpjjikffhd

rhdWfs

mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy

ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf

mtwiw vjpujjikffhd

rhdWfs

gajjpd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis

miojjikffhd rhdWfs

(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)

jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd

Nghjhd rhdWfs

mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ

gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs

tdKiwapdhy Vwgll

mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

cstpay hPjpahd

mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk

njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

rkkjk njhptpffgglhik

myyJ jhdhf

KdteJ gqFgwwpaik

dikffhd rhdWfs

czikahd rkkjjijj

njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik

njhlughd rhdWfs

jLgGffhtypy

Uejikffhd rhdWfs

thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs

b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-

Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y

ixgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs

Fww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

oikT

Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld

jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs

FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)

nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs

nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)

guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs

jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs

gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)

jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs

Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)

xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs

Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)

jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd

Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd

mbggilapy jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssggllikffhd

rhdWfs (kwWk)

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Uggjwfhd rhdWfs

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jjifa jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssgglld

mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)

xgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

oikTgt njhlurrp

nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld

VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs

jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)

jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)

[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]

muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs

cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)

mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)

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jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)

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Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

xigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

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mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

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Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

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Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)

mjpfhupapd rhdWfs

Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)

Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)

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tprhuizfis myyJ eputhf hPjpahd kwWk xOffhwW eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLk mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs

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FwwkpiojtUfF tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuKk flLgghLfSk fhzgglld (nghJkffs fllisj jsgjpfs)

cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs

csehlL rlljpllqfs ykhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ mjpfhuk nrYjJtjwfhd rejuggqfs toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndahimana TJ)reNjf eghplk cjjuTfisAk fllisfisAk tpLggjwfhd mjpfhuk fhzggllJld mjd mbggilapy mit nrawgLjjggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizeyimana TJ Ndahimana TJ)

Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)

Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs

jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)

xiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

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Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll egu czikapy mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll reNjf egUfF mwptpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizey- imana TJ)reNjf egUfF Fwwthspfisj njhpAk vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ)ghjpffgglltufis reNjf egu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Aleksovski TJ)

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flej fhy Fwwqfs njhlugpy jzlidfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAssik njhlughd rhdWfs (Karadzic TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWfpdw uhZt Copaufs tdKiwahf myyJ cWjpaww gzGfspd mbggilapy nrawgllhufs vdw jfty reNjf egUfFf fpiljjikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac AJ)

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Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF mtrpakhd epahaG+utkhd eltbfiffis vLggjwFj jtwpaik (myyJ)

Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF epahaG+utkhd tifapy chpa cjjuTfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdw rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)Fwwqfs ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ elfFk gb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJiuggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwk ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ eleJnfhsSkgb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJf $wj jtwpaikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwr nrayfspy reNjf egUk gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Al- eksovski TJ)

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reNjf egu Fwwqfs gwwp mwptpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagoso- ra et al AJ)

jd tpisthf Fwwqfs ioffgglld

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ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013

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N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh

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rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL

Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005

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kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011

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O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk

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O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk

a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk

c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs

xxxgpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)

e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs

Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ

O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk

O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)

tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk

ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk

O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk

O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw

O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk

bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs

jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs

bull nghJthd mkrqfs

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs

murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs

Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs

bull njhluGss mkrqfs

tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs

njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs

Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs

xxxigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs

O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk

O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd

O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)

O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk

ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk

O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)

O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk

O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ

njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk

bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy

bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs

bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd

Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk

bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy

bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)

bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)

bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs

KbTffllk

O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)

O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk

O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)

O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs

xxxiigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk

O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs

O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk

O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk

O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)

O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

xxxiiigpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ

rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll

juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk

1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)

2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)

3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy

4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp

5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk

6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau

7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau

8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)

9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop

10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp

11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk

12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)

13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ

xxxivgpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)

15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk

16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk

19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs

20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk

21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs

22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs

23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)

xxxvgpdizgG 9

fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

g pd izg G 9

rhdW NrfhpgG fhty

njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp

njhlurrp

tofF y

NkwNfhs y

Nrfhpffggll jpfjp

Nrfhpffggll Neuk

rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk

tpsffk

fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk

Nrfhpjjth

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

gpddpizgG 9 fhty

njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

xxxvigpdizgG 9

fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

g pd izg G 9

rhdW NrfhpgG fhty

njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp

njhlurrp

tofF y

NkwNfhs y

Nrfhpffggll jpfjp

Nrfhpffggll Neuk

rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk

tpsffk

fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk

Nrfhpjjth

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

xxxviiGjjfgglbay

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Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

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Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

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Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

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Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

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Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

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rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

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ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

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Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

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KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

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rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa

rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk

16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ

VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ

$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF

FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy

myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf

fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF

toqFjy Nghdwd

rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs

1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy

2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy

3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd

4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy

5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

viigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T

Fww mkrqfs

Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd

Fww tiffs kwWk

nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt

izgG mkrqfs

MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfisf

nfhzLssd

rhdW toptif

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj

jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej

fzlwpjyfs

mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs

MzFwpia

clnrYjJtjd yk

Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ

cly kPJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy jjifa

clnrYjjy rpwpjhf

Uej nghOjpYk $l

ghjpffgglltu kPjhd

mjJkPwyfshfNt it

UfFk jdJ MzFwpia

Fjthapy myyJ

Nahdpapy nrYjJjy

myyJ NtW nghUlfis

clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs

clypy vejg

gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy myyJ

ghypay cWgGfs

ykhd mjJkPwyfs

(myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghYWgG ykhf

ghjpffgglltuJ cliy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh

hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ

thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ

kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs

tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ

Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd

rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)

VjhtJ nghUsfs

myyJ clypyd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

Nkwnfhssggll

mjJkPwyfs

VjhtJ nghUlfs

myyJ clkgpd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

ngz cWggpDs ltlbia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(KghUpdh BrPrP)

gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz

cWggpDs clnrYjjp

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd

rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)

thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs

rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh

mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW

Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd

gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m

gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ

ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff

Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs

g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey

viiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik

tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf

fhtypy itjjy Nghdw

mrrqfs kwWk cstpay

hPjpahd mOjjqfs

myyJ mjpfhuj

JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg

gpuNahfpggjd yk

gytejkhf myyJ

mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd

ykhf jjifa

mjJkPwyfs ioffggly

myyJ mjjifa egufs

thOfpdw oyfisj

jkfFr rhjfkhf

gadgLjjpf nfhzL

mjjifa egufs jkJ

tpUggjijj njhptpff

Kbahj oepiyfspy

gytejkhf mtufSfF

vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

gytejk ykhd

mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghypay cWggpd ykhf

ghjpffggllthpd clypy

VjhtJ ghfjjpDs

mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl

rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag

gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs

(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll

fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

cstpay hPjpahf myyJ

kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt

gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd

rhdWfs

clypay hPjpahf

gytejjijg

gpuNahfpjjikffhd

rhdWfs

mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy

ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf

mtwiw vjpujjikffhd

rhdWfs

gajjpd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis

miojjikffhd rhdWfs

(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)

jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd

Nghjhd rhdWfs

mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ

gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs

tdKiwapdhy Vwgll

mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

cstpay hPjpahd

mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk

njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

rkkjk njhptpffgglhik

myyJ jhdhf

KdteJ gqFgwwpaik

dikffhd rhdWfs

czikahd rkkjjijj

njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik

njhlughd rhdWfs

jLgGffhtypy

Uejikffhd rhdWfs

thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs

b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-

Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y

ixgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs

Fww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

oikT

Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld

jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs

FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)

nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs

nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)

guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs

jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs

gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)

jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs

Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)

xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs

Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)

jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd

Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd

mbggilapy jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssggllikffhd

rhdWfs (kwWk)

mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

nghJkffs kPJ

jhfFjyfs

NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd

myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu

vdw mwpT

FwwkpiojjtUfF

Uggjwfhd rhdWfs

jd Xu mqfkhfNt

jjifa jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssgglld

mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)

xgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

oikTgt njhlurrp

nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld

VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs

jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)

jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)

[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]

muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs

cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)

mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)

nkd] wpah

Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu

jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)

jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

xigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfis

csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs

rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)

mjpfhupapd rhdWfs

Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)

Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

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ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013

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N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh

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rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL

Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005

mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif

kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011

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Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ

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cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

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Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

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tdGzuT ndash mkrqfs

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ghypay mbikjjdk6 ndash mkrqfs

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fllha fUjjil ndash mkrqfs

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1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs

2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy

3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy

4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif

kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd

Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ

nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ

Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd

15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk

ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk

Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs

njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau

klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs

Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa

rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa

rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk

16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ

VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ

$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF

FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy

myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf

fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF

toqFjy Nghdwd

rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs

1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy

2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy

3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd

4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy

5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

viigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T

Fww mkrqfs

Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd

Fww tiffs kwWk

nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt

izgG mkrqfs

MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfisf

nfhzLssd

rhdW toptif

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj

jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej

fzlwpjyfs

mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs

MzFwpia

clnrYjJtjd yk

Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ

cly kPJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy jjifa

clnrYjjy rpwpjhf

Uej nghOjpYk $l

ghjpffgglltu kPjhd

mjJkPwyfshfNt it

UfFk jdJ MzFwpia

Fjthapy myyJ

Nahdpapy nrYjJjy

myyJ NtW nghUlfis

clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs

clypy vejg

gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy myyJ

ghypay cWgGfs

ykhd mjJkPwyfs

(myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghYWgG ykhf

ghjpffgglltuJ cliy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh

hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ

thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ

kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs

tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ

Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd

rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)

VjhtJ nghUsfs

myyJ clypyd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

Nkwnfhssggll

mjJkPwyfs

VjhtJ nghUlfs

myyJ clkgpd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

ngz cWggpDs ltlbia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(KghUpdh BrPrP)

gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz

cWggpDs clnrYjjp

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd

rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)

thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs

rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh

mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW

Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd

gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m

gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ

ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff

Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs

g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey

viiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik

tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf

fhtypy itjjy Nghdw

mrrqfs kwWk cstpay

hPjpahd mOjjqfs

myyJ mjpfhuj

JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg

gpuNahfpggjd yk

gytejkhf myyJ

mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd

ykhf jjifa

mjJkPwyfs ioffggly

myyJ mjjifa egufs

thOfpdw oyfisj

jkfFr rhjfkhf

gadgLjjpf nfhzL

mjjifa egufs jkJ

tpUggjijj njhptpff

Kbahj oepiyfspy

gytejkhf mtufSfF

vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

gytejk ykhd

mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghypay cWggpd ykhf

ghjpffggllthpd clypy

VjhtJ ghfjjpDs

mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl

rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag

gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs

(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll

fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

cstpay hPjpahf myyJ

kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt

gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd

rhdWfs

clypay hPjpahf

gytejjijg

gpuNahfpjjikffhd

rhdWfs

mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy

ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf

mtwiw vjpujjikffhd

rhdWfs

gajjpd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis

miojjikffhd rhdWfs

(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)

jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd

Nghjhd rhdWfs

mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ

gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs

tdKiwapdhy Vwgll

mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

cstpay hPjpahd

mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk

njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

rkkjk njhptpffgglhik

myyJ jhdhf

KdteJ gqFgwwpaik

dikffhd rhdWfs

czikahd rkkjjijj

njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik

njhlughd rhdWfs

jLgGffhtypy

Uejikffhd rhdWfs

thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs

b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-

Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y

ixgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs

Fww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

oikT

Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld

jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs

FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)

nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs

nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)

guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs

jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs

gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)

jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs

Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)

xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs

Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)

jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd

Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd

mbggilapy jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssggllikffhd

rhdWfs (kwWk)

mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

nghJkffs kPJ

jhfFjyfs

NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd

myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu

vdw mwpT

FwwkpiojjtUfF

Uggjwfhd rhdWfs

jd Xu mqfkhfNt

jjifa jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssgglld

mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)

xgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

oikTgt njhlurrp

nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld

VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs

jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)

jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)

[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]

muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs

cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)

mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)

nkd] wpah

Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu

jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)

jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)

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NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4

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g pd izg G 5

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O Fwpggpll ljjpwF gazk nrafpdw nghOJ mttpljijg gwwpa rpy tpguqfis gzpahsufs mwpejpUjjy NtzLk

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O jP mizgGf fUtpfsgt Rjjkhd ePugt gpsh] iylgt njhlughly tpguqfsgt KjYjtpgnghUlfsgt mtrpakhd jpUjjy fUtpfs Nghdw mbggil cgfuzqfis thfdk nfhzbUjjy NtzLk

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O njhiyjnjhlughly trjpfsww (mobile network coverage) Ju lqfSfF gzpahsufs gazpfFk nghOJ thagGss vyyhr rejuggqfspYk nrakjpj njhiyNgrpia jkKld nfhzL nryYjy NtzLk mjNjhLgt mjid vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgijAk mwpejpUjjy NtzLk

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O ghypay hPjpahd jhfFjy VwgLk glrjjpy cstpaygt rllkgt kUjJt hPjpahd cjtpfs Nghdwd gzpahsufSfF toqfggly NtzLk

O twWs gzpahsufs NehajjLgG kUeJfisg ngwWfnfhstJ MfpadTk csslqFk

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g pd izg G 5

g pd d pizg G

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs

ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012

ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy

ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk

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N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh

ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG

rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL

Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005

mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif

kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011

ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs

kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013

ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011

xxviigpdizgG 6

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Milfsftufs

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Vidait

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Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ

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tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk

ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk

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O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk

bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs

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bull nghJthd mkrqfs

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bull njhluGss mkrqfs

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g pd izg G 7

bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

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Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

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Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

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Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

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kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

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klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs

Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa

rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa

rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk

16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ

VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ

$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF

FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy

myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf

fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF

toqFjy Nghdwd

rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs

1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy

2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy

3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd

4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy

5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

viigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T

Fww mkrqfs

Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd

Fww tiffs kwWk

nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt

izgG mkrqfs

MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfisf

nfhzLssd

rhdW toptif

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj

jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej

fzlwpjyfs

mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs

MzFwpia

clnrYjJtjd yk

Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ

cly kPJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy jjifa

clnrYjjy rpwpjhf

Uej nghOjpYk $l

ghjpffgglltu kPjhd

mjJkPwyfshfNt it

UfFk jdJ MzFwpia

Fjthapy myyJ

Nahdpapy nrYjJjy

myyJ NtW nghUlfis

clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs

clypy vejg

gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy myyJ

ghypay cWgGfs

ykhd mjJkPwyfs

(myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghYWgG ykhf

ghjpffgglltuJ cliy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh

hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ

thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ

kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs

tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ

Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd

rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)

VjhtJ nghUsfs

myyJ clypyd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

Nkwnfhssggll

mjJkPwyfs

VjhtJ nghUlfs

myyJ clkgpd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

ngz cWggpDs ltlbia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(KghUpdh BrPrP)

gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz

cWggpDs clnrYjjp

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd

rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)

thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs

rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh

mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW

Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd

gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m

gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ

ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff

Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs

g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey

viiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik

tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf

fhtypy itjjy Nghdw

mrrqfs kwWk cstpay

hPjpahd mOjjqfs

myyJ mjpfhuj

JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg

gpuNahfpggjd yk

gytejkhf myyJ

mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd

ykhf jjifa

mjJkPwyfs ioffggly

myyJ mjjifa egufs

thOfpdw oyfisj

jkfFr rhjfkhf

gadgLjjpf nfhzL

mjjifa egufs jkJ

tpUggjijj njhptpff

Kbahj oepiyfspy

gytejkhf mtufSfF

vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

gytejk ykhd

mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghypay cWggpd ykhf

ghjpffggllthpd clypy

VjhtJ ghfjjpDs

mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl

rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag

gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs

(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll

fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

cstpay hPjpahf myyJ

kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt

gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd

rhdWfs

clypay hPjpahf

gytejjijg

gpuNahfpjjikffhd

rhdWfs

mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy

ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf

mtwiw vjpujjikffhd

rhdWfs

gajjpd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis

miojjikffhd rhdWfs

(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)

jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd

Nghjhd rhdWfs

mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ

gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs

tdKiwapdhy Vwgll

mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

cstpay hPjpahd

mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk

njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

rkkjk njhptpffgglhik

myyJ jhdhf

KdteJ gqFgwwpaik

dikffhd rhdWfs

czikahd rkkjjijj

njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik

njhlughd rhdWfs

jLgGffhtypy

Uejikffhd rhdWfs

thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs

b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-

Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y

ixgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs

Fww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

oikT

Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld

jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs

FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)

nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs

nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)

guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs

jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs

gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)

jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs

Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)

xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs

Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)

jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd

Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd

mbggilapy jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssggllikffhd

rhdWfs (kwWk)

mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

nghJkffs kPJ

jhfFjyfs

NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd

myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu

vdw mwpT

FwwkpiojjtUfF

Uggjwfhd rhdWfs

jd Xu mqfkhfNt

jjifa jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssgglld

mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)

xgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

oikTgt njhlurrp

nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld

VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs

jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)

jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)

[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]

muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs

cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)

mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)

nkd] wpah

Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu

jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)

jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

xigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfis

csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs

rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)

mjpfhupapd rhdWfs

Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)

Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

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ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013

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N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh

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rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL

Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005

mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif

kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011

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Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ

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cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

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Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

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UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

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cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

Page 17: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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1 gyhjfhukgt mrRWjjy myyJ gytejk Mfpatwiwg gpuNahfpjJ tdKiw njhlughd mrrqfis VwgLjjygt rpiwthrkgt jLgGffhtypy itjjygt cstpay rhuej mOjjqfs myyJ mjpfhuj JgpuNahfqfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjjp xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ ghypaypy ltLgLtjwfhd epuggejjij Fwwkpiojjtu VwgLjJjy kwWk gytejkhd oepiyfspy thofpdw nghOJ mjjifa egufs jkJ tpUggjjpidj njhptpggjwNfh kWggjwNfh Mwwywwtufshf Ugghufsgt ejr oepiyia jkfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjpfnfhssy

2 ghypay jdik nghUejpa nrayfSfFg gpujpaPlhf myyJ mtwWld njhluGila gzk rhuej edikfisf Fwwkpiojjtu myyJ NtnwhU egu ngwWfnfhssy myyJ ngwWfnfhstjwF vjpughujjy

gytejkhf fUjjhpffrnrajy ndash mkrqfs

1 VjhtJ kffs $llnkhdwpd d hPjpahd Mfftiktpy jhffjjpid VwgLjJk Nehffpy myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghhpa tdKiwfis myyJ kPwyfis iofFk Nehffpy xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll ngzfis gytejkhf Fwwkpiojjtu fUjjhpffr nrajy

fllha fUjjil ndash mkrqfs

1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufsJ dgngUff Mwwyfis clypay hPjpahf Fwwkpiojjtu jLjjy

2 kUjJt hPjpahfNth myyJ itjjparhiyr rpfprir ykhfNt ej egufsJ eljijfis vej tpjjjpYk epahaggLjj KbahJ NkYk tufsJ Neuikahd rkkjjJld it Nkwnfhssggltpyiy

9 FwpgG NkwFwpggpll VjhtJ Fwwqfs murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy mlfFKiw hPjpahf NkwnfhssgglbUfFk glrjjpy mjid khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwkhfgt xU mlfFkiwahff fUj KbAk jjifa rejuggqfspy VjhtJ mlfFKiw rhuej Nehffk cssjh vdgijj jPukhdpfFk Kfkhfgt mtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt fijjj Kiw Nghdwd gwwpa Nfstpfs NflfggLtJ KffpakhFk jjifa mlfF Kiwfs vyyhr rejuggqfspYk ghypay rhuejjhf Uff NtzLnkdw mtrpakpyiy UggpDk murpaw fUjJffsgt myyJ dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rka hPjpahd izgGfsgt ghyepiy Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy jdpegufs yffhfj jhffggLk NghJ kwWk ghypay tdKiw rhuej Fwwr nrayfshf it UfFk glrjjpy mlfFKiw rhuej FwwqfSld it njhluGilajhf UfFk

ghypay tdKiw ndash mkrqfs

1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ gyhjfhukhfNth myyJ mrRWjjyfisg gpuNahfpjNjh myyJ gytejggLjjpNah Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay hPjpahd eljijfspy ltLgly NkYkgt tdKiw gpuNahfpffgglyhk vdw gajjpd fhuzkhf myyJ rpiwapy itffggLNthk myyJ jLjJ itffggLNthk myyJ cstpay hPjpahd mOjjqfisg gpuNahfpjjy myyJ mjpfhu JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiw mjjifa egufs myyJ egUfF vjpuhf Fwwkpiojjtu gpuNahfpjJ mej egufs thoej gytejr oepiyia jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp jdJ rkkjjijj njhptpff Mwwy yyhj oiyj jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay eljijfspy ltLgLtjwF mtufis epuggejpjjy

2 khDljjpwF vjpuhd Vida FwwqfSld xgGNehfFifapy jjifa FwwqfSk mNjasthd jPtpujjdik nfhzlitahFk

3 jjifa oyfspd jPtpujjdikia edF mwpej epiyapNyNa Fwwkpiojjtu nrawglLsshu

mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs

1 rutNjr rllqfSfF Kuzhf xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs jkJ mbggil chpikfis mDgtpggjpypUeJk Fwwkpiojjtu mtufisj jLjjy

2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly

3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly

4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly

vgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs

fPNo Fwpggplggll Fwwqfs vjjifa oiktpy ioffgglLssd (cjhuzkhfgt Ajjf Fwwqfsgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfsgt dggLnfhiy myyJ mjid tpl Nkhrkhditfs Nghdw Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd)

khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs

1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld

3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy

4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk

Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs

1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)

2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd

3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10

4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy

5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy

10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu

11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt

rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd

12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ

mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ

2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld

Fwwkpiojjtu jjifa nrayfis NkwnfhzLsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs css rejuggqfspy

13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld

njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs

ykhff fhlLjy NtzLk nghWgGf$wYfF Nkyjpfkhf jid czujJtJ mtrpakhFk J njhlughd tplaqfs

3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw

egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy

dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12

1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy

bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy

bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy

bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy

bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy

bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy

2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13

3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs

vigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14

FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15

Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs

Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16

fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy

uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs

1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs

2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy

3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy

4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif

kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd

Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ

nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ

Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd

15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk

ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk

Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs

njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau

klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs

Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa

rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa

rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk

16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ

VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ

$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF

FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy

myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf

fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF

toqFjy Nghdwd

rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs

1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy

2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy

3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd

4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy

5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

viigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T

Fww mkrqfs

Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd

Fww tiffs kwWk

nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt

izgG mkrqfs

MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfisf

nfhzLssd

rhdW toptif

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj

jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej

fzlwpjyfs

mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs

MzFwpia

clnrYjJtjd yk

Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ

cly kPJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy jjifa

clnrYjjy rpwpjhf

Uej nghOjpYk $l

ghjpffgglltu kPjhd

mjJkPwyfshfNt it

UfFk jdJ MzFwpia

Fjthapy myyJ

Nahdpapy nrYjJjy

myyJ NtW nghUlfis

clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs

clypy vejg

gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy myyJ

ghypay cWgGfs

ykhd mjJkPwyfs

(myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghYWgG ykhf

ghjpffgglltuJ cliy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh

hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ

thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ

kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs

tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ

Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd

rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)

VjhtJ nghUsfs

myyJ clypyd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

Nkwnfhssggll

mjJkPwyfs

VjhtJ nghUlfs

myyJ clkgpd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

ngz cWggpDs ltlbia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(KghUpdh BrPrP)

gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz

cWggpDs clnrYjjp

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd

rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)

thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs

rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh

mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW

Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd

gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m

gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ

ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff

Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs

g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey

viiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik

tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf

fhtypy itjjy Nghdw

mrrqfs kwWk cstpay

hPjpahd mOjjqfs

myyJ mjpfhuj

JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg

gpuNahfpggjd yk

gytejkhf myyJ

mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd

ykhf jjifa

mjJkPwyfs ioffggly

myyJ mjjifa egufs

thOfpdw oyfisj

jkfFr rhjfkhf

gadgLjjpf nfhzL

mjjifa egufs jkJ

tpUggjijj njhptpff

Kbahj oepiyfspy

gytejkhf mtufSfF

vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

gytejk ykhd

mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghypay cWggpd ykhf

ghjpffggllthpd clypy

VjhtJ ghfjjpDs

mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl

rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag

gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs

(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll

fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

cstpay hPjpahf myyJ

kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt

gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd

rhdWfs

clypay hPjpahf

gytejjijg

gpuNahfpjjikffhd

rhdWfs

mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy

ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf

mtwiw vjpujjikffhd

rhdWfs

gajjpd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis

miojjikffhd rhdWfs

(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)

jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd

Nghjhd rhdWfs

mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ

gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs

tdKiwapdhy Vwgll

mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

cstpay hPjpahd

mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk

njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

rkkjk njhptpffgglhik

myyJ jhdhf

KdteJ gqFgwwpaik

dikffhd rhdWfs

czikahd rkkjjijj

njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik

njhlughd rhdWfs

jLgGffhtypy

Uejikffhd rhdWfs

thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs

b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-

Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y

ixgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs

Fww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

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Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld

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FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)

nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs

nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)

guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs

jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs

gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)

jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs

Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)

xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs

Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)

jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd

Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd

mbggilapy jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssggllikffhd

rhdWfs (kwWk)

mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

nghJkffs kPJ

jhfFjyfs

NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd

myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu

vdw mwpT

FwwkpiojjtUfF

Uggjwfhd rhdWfs

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jjifa jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssgglld

mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)

xgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

oikTgt njhlurrp

nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld

VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs

jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)

jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)

[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]

muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs

cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)

mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)

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Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu

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jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

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jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

xigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

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gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfis

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epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs

rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)

mjpfhupapd rhdWfs

Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)

Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)

Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs

tprhuizfis myyJ eputhf hPjpahd kwWk xOffhwW eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLk mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs

mjpfhhpfSfFg gjtpAauT toqFjy myyJ mtufis gjtpapypUeJ mfwWjy njhlughf reNjf egUfFss mjpfhuqfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)

FwwkpiojtUfF tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuKk flLgghLfSk fhzgglld (nghJkffs fllisj jsgjpfs)

cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs

csehlL rlljpllqfs ykhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ mjpfhuk nrYjJtjwfhd rejuggqfs toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndahimana TJ)reNjf eghplk cjjuTfisAk fllisfisAk tpLggjwfhd mjpfhuk fhzggllJld mjd mbggilapy mit nrawgLjjggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizeyimana TJ Ndahimana TJ)

Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)

Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs

jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)

xiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpiojjij mtu mwpejpUff KbAk myyJ mwpejpUfff $Lk

uhZtjjpdu Fwwkpioffpwhufs myyJ Fwwkpioffg Nghfpwhufs vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu

Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll egu czikapy mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll reNjf egUfF mwptpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizey- imana TJ)reNjf egUfF Fwwthspfisj njhpAk vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ)ghjpffgglltufis reNjf egu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Aleksovski TJ)

uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffdwhufs myyJ Fwwqfis ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij oepiyfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapy Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu

uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffpdwhufs myyJ ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij rkgejggll egu mwpejpUejikffhd rhdWfs

flej fhy Fwwqfs njhlugpy jzlidfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAssik njhlughd rhdWfs (Karadzic TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWfpdw uhZt Copaufs tdKiwahf myyJ cWjpaww gzGfspd mbggilapy nrawgllhufs vdw jfty reNjf egUfFf fpiljjikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac AJ)

Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ chpa jzlidfisf FwwthspfSfF toqFtjwNfh myyJ tprhuizfis chpa mjpfhhpfSfF rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffs Nkwnfhssggltpyiy

Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF mtrpakhd epahaG+utkhd eltbfiffis vLggjwFj jtwpaik (myyJ)

Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF epahaG+utkhd tifapy chpa cjjuTfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdw rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)Fwwqfs ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ elfFk gb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJiuggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwk ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ eleJnfhsSkgb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJf $wj jtwpaikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwr nrayfspy reNjf egUk gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Al- eksovski TJ)

jdJ mjpfhu tukgpDs Fwwqfs ioffg gLtijj jLggjwF Vww tifapy chpa Kiwapy jdJ mjpfhujijg gpuNahfpggjwF Fwwk iojjtu jtwpAsshu

Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwfhd mtrpakhdgt rfytpjkhdgt epahaG+utkhd cjjuTfisAk reNjf egu toqFtjwFj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ntawukulilyayo TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufis xOffKsstufshf khwWtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Delalić et al TJ)rkgejgglltufSfF vjpuhf xOffhwW eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtjwFg gjpyhf mtufSfFk (fPo gzpahsufSfF) gjtp cauT toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwqfs gwwp jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSld fyeJiuahLtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)rllkww oepiy xdwpid rkgejggll egu cUthffpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ)Fwwqfspy reNjf egu gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)tprhuizfis KdndLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Hadži- hasanović kwWk Kubura TJ)

Fwwk iojjtu jdJ mjpfhu tukgpwFs Fwwqfs gwwpa tplaqfs njhlugpy tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhstjwF Vww tifapy mtwiw jFjp thaej mjpfhhpfsplk rkuggpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

reNjf egu Fwwqfs gwwp mwptpffj jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Bagoso- ra et al AJ)

jd tpisthf Fwwqfs ioffgglld

rutNjr Fwwtpay epahahjpffr rigfspdhy epampgpggJ gwwp vjjifa topKiwfSk jPukhdpffggltpyiy

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g pd izg G 2

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mrRWjjy yqfSffhd cjhuzqfs

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g pd izg G 5

g pd d pizg G

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd ntspaPLfs kwWk UtlLffs

ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012

ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy

ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk

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twGWjjygt tplhggpbgt vjpujjygt Ujjy - ngzfs chpikfs njhlughd nrawghllhsufsJ mwpfif

N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh

ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG

rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL

Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005

mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif

kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011

ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs

kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013

ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011

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mtprakhdit

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mtru NjitfSffhd epjpahf Fwpggpll ehlbd rpwpa ehzajjhsfs myyJ Imnlhyufs

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cqfsJ igapDs

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kpd tpsfFfs (jiyapy nghUjJk vuptpsfF) kwWk Nkyjpf ngllhpfs

Milfsftufs

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Vidait

mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs

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hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs

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Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

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1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr

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O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk

O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk

O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk

O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk

O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk

O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk

O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk

O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk

O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk

O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk

O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk

O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk

O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk

mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy

O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk

a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk

c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs

xxxgpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)

e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs

Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ

O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk

O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)

tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk

ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk

O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk

O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw

O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk

bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs

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bull nghJthd mkrqfs

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs

murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs

Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs

bull njhluGss mkrqfs

tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs

njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs

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xxxigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs

O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk

O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd

O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)

O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk

ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk

O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)

O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk

O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ

njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk

bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy

bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs

bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd

Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk

bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy

bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)

bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)

bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs

KbTffllk

O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)

O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk

O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)

O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs

xxxiigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk

O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs

O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk

O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk

O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)

O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

xxxiiigpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ

rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll

juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk

1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)

2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)

3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy

4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp

5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk

6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau

7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau

8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)

9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop

10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp

11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk

12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)

13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ

xxxivgpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)

15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk

16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk

19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs

20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk

21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs

22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs

23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)

xxxvgpdizgG 9

fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

g pd izg G 9

rhdW NrfhpgG fhty

njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp

njhlurrp

tofF y

NkwNfhs y

Nrfhpffggll jpfjp

Nrfhpffggll Neuk

rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk

tpsffk

fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk

Nrfhpjjth

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

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Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo

TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO

World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

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rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa

rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk

16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ

VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ

$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF

FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy

myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf

fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF

toqFjy Nghdwd

rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs

1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy

2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy

3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd

4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy

5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

viigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T

Fww mkrqfs

Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd

Fww tiffs kwWk

nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt

izgG mkrqfs

MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfisf

nfhzLssd

rhdW toptif

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj

jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej

fzlwpjyfs

mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs

MzFwpia

clnrYjJtjd yk

Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ

cly kPJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy jjifa

clnrYjjy rpwpjhf

Uej nghOjpYk $l

ghjpffgglltu kPjhd

mjJkPwyfshfNt it

UfFk jdJ MzFwpia

Fjthapy myyJ

Nahdpapy nrYjJjy

myyJ NtW nghUlfis

clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs

clypy vejg

gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy myyJ

ghypay cWgGfs

ykhd mjJkPwyfs

(myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghYWgG ykhf

ghjpffgglltuJ cliy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh

hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ

thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ

kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs

tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ

Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd

rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)

VjhtJ nghUsfs

myyJ clypyd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

Nkwnfhssggll

mjJkPwyfs

VjhtJ nghUlfs

myyJ clkgpd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

ngz cWggpDs ltlbia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(KghUpdh BrPrP)

gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz

cWggpDs clnrYjjp

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd

rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)

thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs

rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh

mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW

Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd

gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m

gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ

ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff

Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs

g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey

viiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik

tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf

fhtypy itjjy Nghdw

mrrqfs kwWk cstpay

hPjpahd mOjjqfs

myyJ mjpfhuj

JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg

gpuNahfpggjd yk

gytejkhf myyJ

mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd

ykhf jjifa

mjJkPwyfs ioffggly

myyJ mjjifa egufs

thOfpdw oyfisj

jkfFr rhjfkhf

gadgLjjpf nfhzL

mjjifa egufs jkJ

tpUggjijj njhptpff

Kbahj oepiyfspy

gytejkhf mtufSfF

vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

gytejk ykhd

mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghypay cWggpd ykhf

ghjpffggllthpd clypy

VjhtJ ghfjjpDs

mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl

rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag

gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs

(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll

fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

cstpay hPjpahf myyJ

kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt

gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd

rhdWfs

clypay hPjpahf

gytejjijg

gpuNahfpjjikffhd

rhdWfs

mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy

ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf

mtwiw vjpujjikffhd

rhdWfs

gajjpd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis

miojjikffhd rhdWfs

(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)

jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd

Nghjhd rhdWfs

mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ

gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs

tdKiwapdhy Vwgll

mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

cstpay hPjpahd

mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk

njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

rkkjk njhptpffgglhik

myyJ jhdhf

KdteJ gqFgwwpaik

dikffhd rhdWfs

czikahd rkkjjijj

njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik

njhlughd rhdWfs

jLgGffhtypy

Uejikffhd rhdWfs

thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs

b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-

Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y

ixgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs

Fww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

oikT

Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld

jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs

FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)

nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs

nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)

guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs

jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs

gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)

jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs

Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)

xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs

Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)

jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd

Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd

mbggilapy jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssggllikffhd

rhdWfs (kwWk)

mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

nghJkffs kPJ

jhfFjyfs

NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd

myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu

vdw mwpT

FwwkpiojjtUfF

Uggjwfhd rhdWfs

jd Xu mqfkhfNt

jjifa jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssgglld

mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)

xgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

oikTgt njhlurrp

nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld

VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs

jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)

jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)

[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]

muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs

cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)

mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)

nkd] wpah

Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu

jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)

jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

xigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfis

csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs

rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)

mjpfhupapd rhdWfs

Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)

Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

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ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013

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N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh

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rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL

Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005

mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif

kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011

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Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ

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cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

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Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

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rpjjputij1 ndash mkrqfs

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tdGzuT ndash mkrqfs

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iiigpdizgG 1

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ghypay mbikjjdk6 ndash mkrqfs

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gytejkhf izjjy myyJ gytejj jpUkzk ndash mkrqfs

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ivgpdizgG 1

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g pd izg G 1

gytej tpgrrhuk ndash mkrqfs

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gytejkhf fUjjhpffrnrajy ndash mkrqfs

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fllha fUjjil ndash mkrqfs

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ghypay tdKiw ndash mkrqfs

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mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs

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khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs

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Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs

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dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12

1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy

bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy

bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy

bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy

bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy

bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy

2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13

3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs

vigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14

FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15

Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs

Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16

fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy

uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs

1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs

2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy

3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy

4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif

kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd

Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ

nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ

Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd

15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk

ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk

Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs

njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau

klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs

Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa

rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa

rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk

16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ

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FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy

myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf

fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF

toqFjy Nghdwd

rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs

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2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy

3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd

4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy

5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

viigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T

Fww mkrqfs

Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd

Fww tiffs kwWk

nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt

izgG mkrqfs

MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfisf

nfhzLssd

rhdW toptif

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj

jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej

fzlwpjyfs

mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs

MzFwpia

clnrYjJtjd yk

Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ

cly kPJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy jjifa

clnrYjjy rpwpjhf

Uej nghOjpYk $l

ghjpffgglltu kPjhd

mjJkPwyfshfNt it

UfFk jdJ MzFwpia

Fjthapy myyJ

Nahdpapy nrYjJjy

myyJ NtW nghUlfis

clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs

clypy vejg

gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy myyJ

ghypay cWgGfs

ykhd mjJkPwyfs

(myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghYWgG ykhf

ghjpffgglltuJ cliy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh

hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ

thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ

kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs

tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ

Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd

rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)

VjhtJ nghUsfs

myyJ clypyd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

Nkwnfhssggll

mjJkPwyfs

VjhtJ nghUlfs

myyJ clkgpd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

ngz cWggpDs ltlbia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(KghUpdh BrPrP)

gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz

cWggpDs clnrYjjp

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd

rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)

thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs

rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh

mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW

Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd

gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m

gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ

ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff

Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs

g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey

viiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik

tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf

fhtypy itjjy Nghdw

mrrqfs kwWk cstpay

hPjpahd mOjjqfs

myyJ mjpfhuj

JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg

gpuNahfpggjd yk

gytejkhf myyJ

mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd

ykhf jjifa

mjJkPwyfs ioffggly

myyJ mjjifa egufs

thOfpdw oyfisj

jkfFr rhjfkhf

gadgLjjpf nfhzL

mjjifa egufs jkJ

tpUggjijj njhptpff

Kbahj oepiyfspy

gytejkhf mtufSfF

vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

gytejk ykhd

mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghypay cWggpd ykhf

ghjpffggllthpd clypy

VjhtJ ghfjjpDs

mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl

rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag

gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs

(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll

fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

cstpay hPjpahf myyJ

kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt

gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd

rhdWfs

clypay hPjpahf

gytejjijg

gpuNahfpjjikffhd

rhdWfs

mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy

ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf

mtwiw vjpujjikffhd

rhdWfs

gajjpd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis

miojjikffhd rhdWfs

(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)

jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd

Nghjhd rhdWfs

mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ

gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs

tdKiwapdhy Vwgll

mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

cstpay hPjpahd

mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk

njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

rkkjk njhptpffgglhik

myyJ jhdhf

KdteJ gqFgwwpaik

dikffhd rhdWfs

czikahd rkkjjijj

njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik

njhlughd rhdWfs

jLgGffhtypy

Uejikffhd rhdWfs

thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs

b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-

Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y

ixgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs

Fww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

oikT

Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld

jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs

FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)

nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs

nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)

guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs

jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs

gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)

jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs

Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)

xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs

Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)

jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd

Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd

mbggilapy jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssggllikffhd

rhdWfs (kwWk)

mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

nghJkffs kPJ

jhfFjyfs

NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd

myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu

vdw mwpT

FwwkpiojjtUfF

Uggjwfhd rhdWfs

jd Xu mqfkhfNt

jjifa jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssgglld

mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)

xgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

oikTgt njhlurrp

nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld

VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs

jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)

jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)

[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]

muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs

cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)

mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)

nkd] wpah

Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu

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bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)

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O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

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xxxiigpdizgG 7

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g pd izg G 7

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O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs

O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk

O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk

O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)

O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

xxxiiigpdizgG 8

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g pd izg G 8

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1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)

2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)

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5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk

6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau

7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau

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9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop

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11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk

12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)

13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ

xxxivgpdizgG 8

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g pd izg G 8

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15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk

16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk

19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs

20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk

21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs

22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs

23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)

xxxvgpdizgG 9

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(ifnahggk)

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

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(ifnahggk)

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(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

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fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

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(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

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fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

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(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

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Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

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Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

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KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

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KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

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tdGzuT ndash mkrqfs

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iiigpdizgG 1

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ghypay mbikjjdk6 ndash mkrqfs

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gytejkhf izjjy myyJ gytejj jpUkzk ndash mkrqfs

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ivgpdizgG 1

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g pd izg G 1

gytej tpgrrhuk ndash mkrqfs

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gytejkhf fUjjhpffrnrajy ndash mkrqfs

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fllha fUjjil ndash mkrqfs

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ghypay tdKiw ndash mkrqfs

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mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs

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khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs

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Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs

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bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy

bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy

bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy

bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy

bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy

2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13

3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs

vigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14

FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15

Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs

Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16

fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy

uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs

1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs

2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy

3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy

4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif

kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd

Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ

nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ

Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd

15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk

ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk

Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs

njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau

klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs

Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa

rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa

rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk

16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ

VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ

$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF

FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy

myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf

fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF

toqFjy Nghdwd

rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs

1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy

2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy

3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd

4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy

5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

viigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T

Fww mkrqfs

Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd

Fww tiffs kwWk

nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt

izgG mkrqfs

MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfisf

nfhzLssd

rhdW toptif

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj

jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej

fzlwpjyfs

mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs

MzFwpia

clnrYjJtjd yk

Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ

cly kPJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy jjifa

clnrYjjy rpwpjhf

Uej nghOjpYk $l

ghjpffgglltu kPjhd

mjJkPwyfshfNt it

UfFk jdJ MzFwpia

Fjthapy myyJ

Nahdpapy nrYjJjy

myyJ NtW nghUlfis

clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs

clypy vejg

gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy myyJ

ghypay cWgGfs

ykhd mjJkPwyfs

(myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghYWgG ykhf

ghjpffgglltuJ cliy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh

hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ

thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ

kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs

tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ

Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd

rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)

VjhtJ nghUsfs

myyJ clypyd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

Nkwnfhssggll

mjJkPwyfs

VjhtJ nghUlfs

myyJ clkgpd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

ngz cWggpDs ltlbia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(KghUpdh BrPrP)

gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz

cWggpDs clnrYjjp

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd

rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)

thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs

rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh

mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW

Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd

gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m

gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ

ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff

Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs

g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey

viiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik

tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf

fhtypy itjjy Nghdw

mrrqfs kwWk cstpay

hPjpahd mOjjqfs

myyJ mjpfhuj

JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg

gpuNahfpggjd yk

gytejkhf myyJ

mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd

ykhf jjifa

mjJkPwyfs ioffggly

myyJ mjjifa egufs

thOfpdw oyfisj

jkfFr rhjfkhf

gadgLjjpf nfhzL

mjjifa egufs jkJ

tpUggjijj njhptpff

Kbahj oepiyfspy

gytejkhf mtufSfF

vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

gytejk ykhd

mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghypay cWggpd ykhf

ghjpffggllthpd clypy

VjhtJ ghfjjpDs

mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl

rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag

gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs

(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll

fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

cstpay hPjpahf myyJ

kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt

gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd

rhdWfs

clypay hPjpahf

gytejjijg

gpuNahfpjjikffhd

rhdWfs

mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy

ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf

mtwiw vjpujjikffhd

rhdWfs

gajjpd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis

miojjikffhd rhdWfs

(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)

jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd

Nghjhd rhdWfs

mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ

gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs

tdKiwapdhy Vwgll

mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

cstpay hPjpahd

mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk

njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

rkkjk njhptpffgglhik

myyJ jhdhf

KdteJ gqFgwwpaik

dikffhd rhdWfs

czikahd rkkjjijj

njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik

njhlughd rhdWfs

jLgGffhtypy

Uejikffhd rhdWfs

thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs

b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-

Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y

ixgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs

Fww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

oikT

Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld

jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs

FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)

nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs

nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)

guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs

jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs

gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)

jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs

Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)

xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs

Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)

jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd

Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd

mbggilapy jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssggllikffhd

rhdWfs (kwWk)

mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

nghJkffs kPJ

jhfFjyfs

NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd

myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu

vdw mwpT

FwwkpiojjtUfF

Uggjwfhd rhdWfs

jd Xu mqfkhfNt

jjifa jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssgglld

mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)

xgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

oikTgt njhlurrp

nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld

VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs

jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)

jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)

[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]

muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs

cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)

mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)

nkd] wpah

Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu

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bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)

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O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

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xxxiigpdizgG 7

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g pd izg G 7

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O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs

O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk

O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk

O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)

O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

xxxiiigpdizgG 8

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g pd izg G 8

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1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)

2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)

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5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk

6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau

7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau

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9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop

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11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk

12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)

13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ

xxxivgpdizgG 8

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g pd izg G 8

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15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk

16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk

19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs

20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk

21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs

22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs

23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)

xxxvgpdizgG 9

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(ifnahggk)

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

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(ifnahggk)

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(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

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fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

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(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

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fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

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(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

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Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

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Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo

TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO

World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

Page 21: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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2 mjjifa egu myyJ egufs xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll ghypay tplaqfspy ltLgLtjwFf Fwwkpiojjtu fhuzkhftpUejhu

6 ghypay mbikj jdk njhlu ghd Fw wq fs kd pju fis tQ rfkhf Mlflj jYf F clgLj Jtjw Fk Vw GilajhFk

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8 fllhaj jpUkzf Fwwqfs myyJ fllhakhf gYzuT gejjjpy izjjy njhlughd Fwwqfs Mfpad gwwp Nuhk rlljjpy vJTk csslffggltpyiy UggpDk nrhpNah ypNahdp tpNrl ePjpkdw gpdGyjjpygt fllhaj jpUkzkhdJ xU kdpjhgpkhdkww nray vdTk mjNjhLgt khDljjpwF vjpuhd FwwnkdTk jPuggspffggllJ MAjggilfs Gulrp rigapd (AFRC) tofFj jPuggpd nghOJ ejf Fwwk tiutpyffzggLjjggllJgt ejj jPuggpd nghOJ ePjpauru nlhfjp mtufs rwW khWgll fUjjpidf nfhzbUejhugt gejp 53 XusTfF khwWf fUjjpidf nfhzl jdJ mgpggpuhajjpd nghOJ 36 Mk gejpapy ePjpauru nlhfjp tthW Fwpggpllhu ldquotofFj njhLfFk epGzu kwWk rhlrpfs Mfpatwwpdhy tpghpffgglljd gpufhuk ngz gpsisfisf fljjpr nrdW mtufis gytejkhf jpUkzk nraJnfhstij rfqfspdhy VwghL nraaggll jpUkzk myyJ kuG hPjpahd jpUkzk MfpatwWld xggplLg ghuff KbahJ it uzLk xdwyyrdquo gejp 46 ndash 51 tiuapy tthW Fwpggpllhu ldquorhdWfis ehk MuhaeJ ghufifapy nrhpNah ypNahNdhTld njhluGila MAj Nkhjy gpdGyqfspy fllhaj jpUkzjij NehfFifapygt ngzfisAk ngz gpsisfisAk gytejkhf mtufsJ tPLfspypUeJk Vida lqfshd mfjp Kfhkfs MfpatwwpypUeJ fljjprnrd AFRC gilapdUld mtufis jLjJitjJ gilfs nrdw gyNtW khtllqfSfF mtufisAk nfhzLnrdw nrayfs gwwp fllhajjpUkzk njhlughd rhdWfs GyggLjJfpdwd jdpggll MAjg Nghuhspfspdhy ngzfSk ngz gpsisfSk mtufsJ rkkjkpdwp gytejkhf kidtpahf UggjwF epuggejpffgglldu tthW gytejkhf kidtpahf UggjwF epuggejpffgglljd fhuzkhf mtufs ghypay tdGzuT Nghdw tplaqfspypUeJ ghJfhffgglldu kwWk Vida fpsurrpahsufspdhy NkwnfhssggLfpdw JgpuNahfqfspypUeJk tufs ghJfhffgglldu UggpDk gytejk gpuNahfpffggll NkNyhqfpa oiyf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapygt jkJ thoitj njhlutjwfhd myyJ nfhzLeljJtjwfhdnjhU Kiwahf gpuNahfpff Ntzba epuggejk tufSfF VwgllJ jid tufs rkkjk njhptpjj fhuzpahfNth myyJ ghjpffgglltUld njhluGKiwfis Nkwnfhstjwfhd RahjPd mjpfhuqfis toqfpajhfNth ehk fUj KbahJ vejr rejuggjjpYk jjijfa eljijfspd jPtpujjdikia it Fiwfftpyiy fllhaj jpUkzjjpwF csshffggll ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs MfpNahu ngUkghYk sikahdtufshfNt Uejdu mjNjhLgt ghjpgGWepiyapYk Uejdu tufs jkJ FLkgqfspypUeJ mfwwggllikgt clypay kwWk ghypay hPjpahd tdKiw rhuej oikTfspy jLjJ itffggllik Mfpatwiw NehfFifapy tufs kpfTk mjpfkhd ghjpgGWk oepiyapy thoejhufs vdgJ FwpggpljjffJ fllhaj jpUkzjjpd fhuzkhf fLk cstpay kwWk xOffk rhuej fhaqfs tufSfF Vwglld jjifa ngzfs kwWk ngz gpsisfs gaggLfpdw myyJ mtufs ntWffpdw egufSld fllhakhf njhluG Kiwfis VwgLjJtjwF epuggejpffgglldu ldquokidtprdquo vd toqfggLfpdw myyJ milahsggLjJfpdw KiwahdJ NkYk tufis opTgLjJtjhff fhzgglld mjNjhLgt jhk thOfpdw rfjjpypUeJ xJffpitffgglltufshfTk Uejdu rfjjpy jhk kPzLk izeJ thotjwfhd tufsJ Mwwyfis it vjpukiwahf jhffpaJldgt jd fhuzkhf tufsJ cstpay rhuej kdtLffs ePzl ehlfshf epiyjjpUejd kwWk rhdWfis MuhaeJ ghufifapy fztdJ Nehffk ghjpffgglltiu fllha Ntiyapy ltLgLjJtJkgt tuJ nrhjJffisg guhkhpggJkhfNt UejJ mjNjhLgt fztuJ ghypay hPjpahd Njitfis epiwNtwWfpdw mNjNtisgt mtuJ ekgpfifahf UeJ tu fuggtjpahdhsgt mtUffhf gpsisfisAk ngwWfnfhLff Ntzba epuggejk jwfhf kwwtufspdhy ghypay tdGzuTfF clgLjjggLtjpypUeJ ej ldquokidtprdquo ghJfhffggllhs czT Uffpdw nghOJ tSfF toqfggllJ fztdJ mej]jJfF Vwg kidtpfFk rpy Neuqfspy rpy tifahd mej]jJfs toqfgglld jjifa ngzfSfF fpilffpdw chpikfshf myyJ flgghLfshf vjputhjpapdhy FwpggplggllJ jjifa rYiffs kuG hPjpahd jpUkzqfspy fpilggjhfTk vjputhjp epGzu Fwpggpllhu UggpDk rkgejggll ngzzpd FLkgjjpypUeNjhgt myyJ cwtpdufsplkpUeNjhgt kidtp vdgjwfhd zffk toqfggltpyiy gytejk myyJ tdKiwapd fhuzkhfNt jjifa mej]jJfs mtSfFf fpiljjd vdNtgt ghypay mbikjjdk vdw tplajij jdpahf MuhaeJ ghujjy NtzLk rhdWfis MuhaeJ ghufifapygt ghypay tdGzuTpypUeJ ghjpffgglltUfF vjjifa ghJfhgGffSk fpilfftpyiy vdgijAkgt mNjNtis vejf fpsurrpahshpdhYk jdJ tpUggjjpwF Vwg gadgLjJtjwFhpa oy fhzggllijAk mtjhdpff KbejJ mNjNtisgt fpsurrpahsuJ kidtp myyJ ldquoG] kidtprdquo Nghdwd tufis opTgLjJtjhfNt fhzgglld kwWk vjputhjp epGzu njhptpjj rhdWfis mbggilahff nfhzL NehfFifapy kidtp vdw thujijg gpuNahfkhdJ gytejkhd jpUkz mej]jijNa vLjJf fhlbaJ ghjpffgglltu kPJ ePzlfhy fLk jhffqfis VwgLjJtdthf it fhzggllJ NkYk fpsurrpashpd kidtp vDk mej]jjhdJ tufSff fLk kdtLit VwgLjjf $bajhfTk tufis opTgLjjf $bajhfTkgt jdJ rfjJld kPs iztjwfhd Mwwyfis vjpukiwahfj jhfff $bajhfTk fhzgglld NkwFwpggplggll rhdWfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapygt fllhaj jpUkzjjpd nghOJ Vida kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfSld Fwwr nray kwWk Fww kdk Mfpad UejijAk vddhy fzlwpa KbejJrsquo

gytejkhf izjjy myyJ gytejj jpUkzk ndash mkrqfs

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2 Fwwkpiojjthpd thujijfs myyJ Vida eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf VwgLfpdw mrRWjjyfs myyJ clypay hPjpahd gyhjfhuk8

ivgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

gytej tpgrrhuk ndash mkrqfs

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2 ghypay jdik nghUejpa nrayfSfFg gpujpaPlhf myyJ mtwWld njhluGila gzk rhuej edikfisf Fwwkpiojjtu myyJ NtnwhU egu ngwWfnfhssy myyJ ngwWfnfhstjwF vjpughujjy

gytejkhf fUjjhpffrnrajy ndash mkrqfs

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fllha fUjjil ndash mkrqfs

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ghypay tdKiw ndash mkrqfs

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2 khDljjpwF vjpuhd Vida FwwqfSld xgGNehfFifapy jjifa FwwqfSk mNjasthd jPtpujjdik nfhzlitahFk

3 jjifa oyfspd jPtpujjdikia edF mwpej epiyapNyNa Fwwkpiojjtu nrawglLsshu

mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs

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vgpdizgG 1

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g pd izg G 1

2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs

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khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs

1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

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Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs

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12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ

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njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs

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dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12

1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy

bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy

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vigpdizgG 1

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g pd izg G 1

3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14

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Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs

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uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs

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4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

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15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk

ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk

Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs

njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau

klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs

Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa

rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa

rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk

16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ

VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ

$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF

FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy

myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf

fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF

toqFjy Nghdwd

rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs

1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy

2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy

3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd

4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy

5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

viigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T

Fww mkrqfs

Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd

Fww tiffs kwWk

nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt

izgG mkrqfs

MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfisf

nfhzLssd

rhdW toptif

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj

jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej

fzlwpjyfs

mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs

MzFwpia

clnrYjJtjd yk

Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ

cly kPJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy jjifa

clnrYjjy rpwpjhf

Uej nghOjpYk $l

ghjpffgglltu kPjhd

mjJkPwyfshfNt it

UfFk jdJ MzFwpia

Fjthapy myyJ

Nahdpapy nrYjJjy

myyJ NtW nghUlfis

clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs

clypy vejg

gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy myyJ

ghypay cWgGfs

ykhd mjJkPwyfs

(myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghYWgG ykhf

ghjpffgglltuJ cliy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh

hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ

thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ

kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs

tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ

Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd

rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)

VjhtJ nghUsfs

myyJ clypyd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

Nkwnfhssggll

mjJkPwyfs

VjhtJ nghUlfs

myyJ clkgpd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

ngz cWggpDs ltlbia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(KghUpdh BrPrP)

gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz

cWggpDs clnrYjjp

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd

rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)

thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs

rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh

mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW

Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd

gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m

gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ

ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff

Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs

g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey

viiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik

tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf

fhtypy itjjy Nghdw

mrrqfs kwWk cstpay

hPjpahd mOjjqfs

myyJ mjpfhuj

JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg

gpuNahfpggjd yk

gytejkhf myyJ

mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd

ykhf jjifa

mjJkPwyfs ioffggly

myyJ mjjifa egufs

thOfpdw oyfisj

jkfFr rhjfkhf

gadgLjjpf nfhzL

mjjifa egufs jkJ

tpUggjijj njhptpff

Kbahj oepiyfspy

gytejkhf mtufSfF

vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

gytejk ykhd

mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghypay cWggpd ykhf

ghjpffggllthpd clypy

VjhtJ ghfjjpDs

mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl

rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag

gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs

(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll

fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

cstpay hPjpahf myyJ

kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt

gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd

rhdWfs

clypay hPjpahf

gytejjijg

gpuNahfpjjikffhd

rhdWfs

mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy

ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf

mtwiw vjpujjikffhd

rhdWfs

gajjpd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis

miojjikffhd rhdWfs

(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)

jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd

Nghjhd rhdWfs

mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ

gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs

tdKiwapdhy Vwgll

mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

cstpay hPjpahd

mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk

njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

rkkjk njhptpffgglhik

myyJ jhdhf

KdteJ gqFgwwpaik

dikffhd rhdWfs

czikahd rkkjjijj

njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik

njhlughd rhdWfs

jLgGffhtypy

Uejikffhd rhdWfs

thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs

b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-

Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y

ixgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs

Fww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

oikT

Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld

jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs

FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)

nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs

nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)

guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs

jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs

gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)

jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs

Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)

xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs

Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)

jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd

Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd

mbggilapy jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssggllikffhd

rhdWfs (kwWk)

mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

nghJkffs kPJ

jhfFjyfs

NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd

myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu

vdw mwpT

FwwkpiojjtUfF

Uggjwfhd rhdWfs

jd Xu mqfkhfNt

jjifa jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssgglld

mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)

xgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

oikTgt njhlurrp

nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld

VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs

jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)

jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)

[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]

muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs

cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)

mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)

nkd] wpah

Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu

jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)

jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

xigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfis

csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs

rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

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rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL

Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005

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kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011

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Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

xxxixGjjfgglbay

Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo

TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO

World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd

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rutNjr rllk njhlugpyhdnjhU Fwwk myyJ kPWif

vdw tifapy ghypay tdKiw gwwpa MtzggLjjy

njhlughd rpwej newpKiw

uzlhk gjpgG 2017 khur

Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

Page 22: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa

rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk

16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ

VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ

$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF

FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy

myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf

fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF

toqFjy Nghdwd

rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs

1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy

2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy

3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd

4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy

5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

viigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T

Fww mkrqfs

Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd

Fww tiffs kwWk

nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt

izgG mkrqfs

MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfisf

nfhzLssd

rhdW toptif

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj

jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej

fzlwpjyfs

mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs

MzFwpia

clnrYjJtjd yk

Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ

cly kPJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy jjifa

clnrYjjy rpwpjhf

Uej nghOjpYk $l

ghjpffgglltu kPjhd

mjJkPwyfshfNt it

UfFk jdJ MzFwpia

Fjthapy myyJ

Nahdpapy nrYjJjy

myyJ NtW nghUlfis

clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs

clypy vejg

gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy myyJ

ghypay cWgGfs

ykhd mjJkPwyfs

(myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghYWgG ykhf

ghjpffgglltuJ cliy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh

hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ

thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ

kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs

tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ

Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd

rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)

VjhtJ nghUsfs

myyJ clypyd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

Nkwnfhssggll

mjJkPwyfs

VjhtJ nghUlfs

myyJ clkgpd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

ngz cWggpDs ltlbia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(KghUpdh BrPrP)

gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz

cWggpDs clnrYjjp

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd

rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)

thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs

rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh

mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW

Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd

gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m

gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ

ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff

Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs

g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey

viiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik

tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf

fhtypy itjjy Nghdw

mrrqfs kwWk cstpay

hPjpahd mOjjqfs

myyJ mjpfhuj

JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg

gpuNahfpggjd yk

gytejkhf myyJ

mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd

ykhf jjifa

mjJkPwyfs ioffggly

myyJ mjjifa egufs

thOfpdw oyfisj

jkfFr rhjfkhf

gadgLjjpf nfhzL

mjjifa egufs jkJ

tpUggjijj njhptpff

Kbahj oepiyfspy

gytejkhf mtufSfF

vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

gytejk ykhd

mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghypay cWggpd ykhf

ghjpffggllthpd clypy

VjhtJ ghfjjpDs

mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl

rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag

gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs

(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll

fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

cstpay hPjpahf myyJ

kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt

gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd

rhdWfs

clypay hPjpahf

gytejjijg

gpuNahfpjjikffhd

rhdWfs

mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy

ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf

mtwiw vjpujjikffhd

rhdWfs

gajjpd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis

miojjikffhd rhdWfs

(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)

jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd

Nghjhd rhdWfs

mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ

gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs

tdKiwapdhy Vwgll

mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

cstpay hPjpahd

mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk

njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

rkkjk njhptpffgglhik

myyJ jhdhf

KdteJ gqFgwwpaik

dikffhd rhdWfs

czikahd rkkjjijj

njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik

njhlughd rhdWfs

jLgGffhtypy

Uejikffhd rhdWfs

thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs

b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-

Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y

ixgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs

Fww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

oikT

Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld

jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs

FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)

nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs

nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)

guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs

jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs

gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)

jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs

Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)

xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs

Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)

jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd

Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd

mbggilapy jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssggllikffhd

rhdWfs (kwWk)

mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

nghJkffs kPJ

jhfFjyfs

NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd

myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu

vdw mwpT

FwwkpiojjtUfF

Uggjwfhd rhdWfs

jd Xu mqfkhfNt

jjifa jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssgglld

mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)

xgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

oikTgt njhlurrp

nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld

VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs

jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)

jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)

[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]

muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs

cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)

mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)

nkd] wpah

Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu

jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)

jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

xigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfis

csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs

rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)

mjpfhupapd rhdWfs

Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)

Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

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ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013

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N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh

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rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL

Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005

mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif

kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011

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Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ

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cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

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Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

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rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

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ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

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rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

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Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

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kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

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Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

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World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

Page 23: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ gyhjfhukhfNth myyJ mrRWjjyfisg gpuNahfpjNjh myyJ gytejggLjjpNah Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay hPjpahd eljijfspy ltLgly NkYkgt tdKiw gpuNahfpffgglyhk vdw gajjpd fhuzkhf myyJ rpiwapy itffggLNthk myyJ jLjJ itffggLNthk myyJ cstpay hPjpahd mOjjqfisg gpuNahfpjjy myyJ mjpfhu JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiw mjjifa egufs myyJ egUfF vjpuhf Fwwkpiojjtu gpuNahfpjJ mej egufs thoej gytejr oepiyia jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp jdJ rkkjjijj njhptpff Mwwy yyhj oiyj jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay eljijfspy ltLgLtjwF mtufis epuggejpjjy

2 khDljjpwF vjpuhd Vida FwwqfSld xgGNehfFifapy jjifa FwwqfSk mNjasthd jPtpujjdik nfhzlitahFk

3 jjifa oyfspd jPtpujjdikia edF mwpej epiyapNyNa Fwwkpiojjtu nrawglLsshu

mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs

1 rutNjr rllqfSfF Kuzhf xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs jkJ mbggil chpikfis mDgtpggjpypUeJk Fwwkpiojjtu mtufisj jLjjy

2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly

3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly

4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly

vgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs

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khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs

1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld

3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy

4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk

Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs

1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)

2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd

3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10

4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy

5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy

10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu

11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt

rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd

12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ

mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ

2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld

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13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld

njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs

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3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw

egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy

dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12

1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy

bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy

bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy

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bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy

bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy

2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13

3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs

vigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14

FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15

Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs

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fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy

uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs

1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs

2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy

3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy

4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif

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nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ

Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd

15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk

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klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs

Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa

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rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk

16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ

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fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF

toqFjy Nghdwd

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2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy

3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd

4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy

5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

viigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T

Fww mkrqfs

Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd

Fww tiffs kwWk

nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt

izgG mkrqfs

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rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

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MzFwpia

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myyJ NtW nghUlfis

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(myyJ)

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ghjpffgglltuJ cliy

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rhdWfs

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clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

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ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh

hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ

thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ

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myyJ Nahdpapy

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ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

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rhdWfs

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clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

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gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz

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gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m

gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ

ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff

Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs

g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey

viiigpdizgG 1

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g pd izg G 1

Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik

tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf

fhtypy itjjy Nghdw

mrrqfs kwWk cstpay

hPjpahd mOjjqfs

myyJ mjpfhuj

JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg

gpuNahfpggjd yk

gytejkhf myyJ

mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd

ykhf jjifa

mjJkPwyfs ioffggly

myyJ mjjifa egufs

thOfpdw oyfisj

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mjjifa egufs jkJ

tpUggjijj njhptpff

Kbahj oepiyfspy

gytejkhf mtufSfF

vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis

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gytejk ykhd

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ghypay cWggpd ykhf

ghjpffggllthpd clypy

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gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs

(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

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mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

cstpay hPjpahf myyJ

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gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd

rhdWfs

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gytejjijg

gpuNahfpjjikffhd

rhdWfs

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ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf

mtwiw vjpujjikffhd

rhdWfs

gajjpd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis

miojjikffhd rhdWfs

(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)

jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd

Nghjhd rhdWfs

mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ

gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs

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cstpay hPjpahd

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rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk

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rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

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czikahd rkkjjijj

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njhlughd rhdWfs

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thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs

b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-

Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y

ixgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs

Fww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

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Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

oikT

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nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs

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guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs

jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs

gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)

jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs

Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)

xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs

Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)

jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd

Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd

mbggilapy jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssggllikffhd

rhdWfs (kwWk)

mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

nghJkffs kPJ

jhfFjyfs

NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd

myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu

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Uggjwfhd rhdWfs

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jjifa jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssgglld

mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)

xgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

oikTgt njhlurrp

nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld

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jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)

jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)

[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]

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cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)

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xigpdizgG 1

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g pd izg G 1

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Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs

tprhuizfis myyJ eputhf hPjpahd kwWk xOffhwW eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLk mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs

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FwwkpiojtUfF tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuKk flLgghLfSk fhzgglld (nghJkffs fllisj jsgjpfs)

cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs

csehlL rlljpllqfs ykhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ mjpfhuk nrYjJtjwfhd rejuggqfs toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndahimana TJ)reNjf eghplk cjjuTfisAk fllisfisAk tpLggjwfhd mjpfhuk fhzggllJld mjd mbggilapy mit nrawgLjjggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizeyimana TJ Ndahimana TJ)

Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

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Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs

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xiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

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Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll egu czikapy mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll reNjf egUfF mwptpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizey- imana TJ)reNjf egUfF Fwwthspfisj njhpAk vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ)ghjpffgglltufis reNjf egu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Aleksovski TJ)

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Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ chpa jzlidfisf FwwthspfSfF toqFtjwNfh myyJ tprhuizfis chpa mjpfhhpfSfF rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffs Nkwnfhssggltpyiy

Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF mtrpakhd epahaG+utkhd eltbfiffis vLggjwFj jtwpaik (myyJ)

Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF epahaG+utkhd tifapy chpa cjjuTfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdw rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)Fwwqfs ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ elfFk gb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJiuggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwk ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ eleJnfhsSkgb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJf $wj jtwpaikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwr nrayfspy reNjf egUk gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Al- eksovski TJ)

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ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012

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ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013

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N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh

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kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG

rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL

Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005

mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif

kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011

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ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011

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O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk

O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk

O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk

O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk

O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk

O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk

O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk

O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk

mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy

O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk

a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk

c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs

xxxgpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)

e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs

Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ

O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk

O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)

tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk

ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk

O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk

O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw

O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk

bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs

jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs

bull nghJthd mkrqfs

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs

murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs

Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs

bull njhluGss mkrqfs

tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs

njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs

Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs

xxxigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs

O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk

O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd

O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)

O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk

ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk

O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)

O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk

O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ

njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk

bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy

bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs

bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd

Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk

bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy

bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)

bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)

bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs

KbTffllk

O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)

O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk

O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)

O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs

xxxiigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk

O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs

O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk

O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk

O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)

O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

xxxiiigpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ

rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll

juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk

1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)

2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)

3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy

4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp

5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk

6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau

7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau

8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)

9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop

10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp

11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk

12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)

13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ

xxxivgpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)

15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk

16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk

19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs

20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk

21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs

22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs

23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)

xxxvgpdizgG 9

fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

g pd izg G 9

rhdW NrfhpgG fhty

njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp

njhlurrp

tofF y

NkwNfhs y

Nrfhpffggll jpfjp

Nrfhpffggll Neuk

rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk

tpsffk

fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk

Nrfhpjjth

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

gpddpizgG 9 fhty

njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

xxxvigpdizgG 9

fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

g pd izg G 9

rhdW NrfhpgG fhty

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Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

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Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo

TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO

World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

Page 24: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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ghypay tdKiw ndash mkrqfs

1 xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs kPJ gyhjfhukhfNth myyJ mrRWjjyfisg gpuNahfpjNjh myyJ gytejggLjjpNah Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay hPjpahd eljijfspy ltLgly NkYkgt tdKiw gpuNahfpffgglyhk vdw gajjpd fhuzkhf myyJ rpiwapy itffggLNthk myyJ jLjJ itffggLNthk myyJ cstpay hPjpahd mOjjqfisg gpuNahfpjjy myyJ mjpfhu JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiw mjjifa egufs myyJ egUfF vjpuhf Fwwkpiojjtu gpuNahfpjJ mej egufs thoej gytejr oepiyia jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp jdJ rkkjjijj njhptpff Mwwy yyhj oiyj jdfFr rhjfkhfg gadgLjjp Fwwkpiojjtu ghypay eljijfspy ltLgLtjwF mtufis epuggejpjjy

2 khDljjpwF vjpuhd Vida FwwqfSld xgGNehfFifapy jjifa FwwqfSk mNjasthd jPtpujjdik nfhzlitahFk

3 jjifa oyfspd jPtpujjdikia edF mwpej epiyapNyNa Fwwkpiojjtu nrawglLsshu

mlfFKiw9 ndash mkrqfs

1 rutNjr rllqfSfF Kuzhf xdW myyJ xdWfF Nkwgll egufs jkJ mbggil chpikfis mDgtpggjpypUeJk Fwwkpiojjtu mtufisj jLjjy

2 FO milahsjjpd epkpjjk jdpggll KiwapNyh myyJ FOthfNth Fwpggpll egu myyJ egufis yffhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjtu nrawgly

3 murpaygt dkgt Njrpakgt fyhrhukgt rkakgt ghyepiy (7Mk cWgGiuapy tiutpyffzggLjjgglljd gpufhukgt gejp ndash rlljjpd 3Mk gejp) myyJ rutNjr rllqfspd fPo mDkjpff Kbahjit vdf Fwpggplljd gpufhuk egufis yffhff nfhzL nrawgly

4 7 Mk cWgGiuapd 1Mk gejpapd gpufhuk myyJ ePjpkdw epahahjpffjjpd fPo Fwwnkdf fUJfpdw tplaqfis ikakhff nfhzL Fwwkpiojjy myyJ mjNdhL njhluGila eljijfspy ltLgly

vgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

2 Fww tiffspd nghJthd mkrqfs

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khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs

1 guejstpyhd jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfkhfth jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

2 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfth jjifa jhfFjyfs njhLffgglld

3 nghJkffSfF vjpuhfjjhd jhfFjyfs njhLffggLfpdwd vdgij edF mwpej epiyapy Fww kdgghdikAld jjifa Fwwqfis iojjy

4 muR myyJ xOqfikffggll nfhsif myyJ jplljjpd fPo jjifa jhfFjyfisAk FwwqfisAk iojjy (ePqfs MtzggLjJfpdw epahahjpffjjpwF clgllitahf myyJ clglhj tplaqfshf Uffyhk

Ajjf Fwwqfs ndash mkrqfs

1 MAj Nkhjy fhyggFjpapy fFwwqfs ioffgglld (rutNjr myyJ csehL)

2 jjifa FwwqfSfFk MAj NkhjyfSfFk neUqfpa njhluGfs cssd

3 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll eguhf Ujjy (ghypay Fwwqfs myyJ ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwfs (SGBV) Mfpatwwpd Xu mqfkhf yyhjpUjjy)10

4 ghjpffgglltu xU ghJfhffggll egu vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUjjy

5 MAj Nkhjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jjifa nrayfs lkngWfpdwd vdgijf Fwwkpiojjtu edF mwpejpUjjy

10 Nkhjyfspy Neubahf ltLglhj egufs myyJ nghJkffs MfpNahu ghJfhffggll egufshff fUjggLfpdwdu

11 ghypay tdKiwAld njhluGila Fwwqfs gwwp ej rhdWfs gwwpa nrayEy mffiw nrYjJfpdwJ mjhtJgt

rpy nrayfs qF csslffggltpyiy mjhtJgt nfhiynrajygt gytejkhf khwWjy Nghdwd

12 dggLnfhiy vDk nghOJgt uzL gbKiwfs njhluGiladthFk 1 dggLnfhiyAld njhluGila IeJ

mkrqfspy VjhtJ xdiw csslffpajhf ghypay tdKiw lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs fhlLfpdw nghOJ

2 jiltpjpffggll eilKiwfspd fPo xU djij KOikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk NehfFld

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13 dggLnfhiy nraa NtzLnkdw Nehffjjpd mbggilapy J fhzggLfpdwJ fPof Fwpggplggll dggLnfhiyAld

njhluGila VjhtJ nrayfspy ltLgly Fwpggpll dfFOit mopfFk NehfFld nrawglLsshu vdgij rhdWfs

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3tJ izgG mkrqfs kwWk nghWgGf$wy tiffspy fhllgglLssJ ejf FwwjjpwFg nghWgghff fUjggLfpdw

egu cau gjtp tfpffpdw myyJ cau klljjpy Uffpdw eguhf khjjpuk jhd UffNtzLnkdw mtrpak yiy

dggLnfhiy11 ndash mkrqfs12

1 fPof FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdwpid Nkwnfhssy

bull xU dfFOitr Nruej egufisf nfhiynrajy

bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy

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bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy

bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy

2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13

3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs

vigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14

FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15

Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs

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fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy

uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs

1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs

2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy

3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy

4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif

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nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ

Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd

15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk

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klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs

Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa

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rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk

16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ

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fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF

toqFjy Nghdwd

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2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy

3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd

4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy

5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

viigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T

Fww mkrqfs

Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd

Fww tiffs kwWk

nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt

izgG mkrqfs

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rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

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MzFwpia

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myyJ NtW nghUlfis

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(myyJ)

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ghjpffgglltuJ cliy

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rhdWfs

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clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

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ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh

hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ

thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ

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myyJ Nahdpapy

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ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

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rhdWfs

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clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

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gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz

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gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m

gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ

ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff

Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs

g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey

viiigpdizgG 1

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g pd izg G 1

Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik

tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf

fhtypy itjjy Nghdw

mrrqfs kwWk cstpay

hPjpahd mOjjqfs

myyJ mjpfhuj

JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg

gpuNahfpggjd yk

gytejkhf myyJ

mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd

ykhf jjifa

mjJkPwyfs ioffggly

myyJ mjjifa egufs

thOfpdw oyfisj

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mjjifa egufs jkJ

tpUggjijj njhptpff

Kbahj oepiyfspy

gytejkhf mtufSfF

vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis

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gytejk ykhd

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ghypay cWggpd ykhf

ghjpffggllthpd clypy

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gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs

(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

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mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

cstpay hPjpahf myyJ

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gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd

rhdWfs

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gytejjijg

gpuNahfpjjikffhd

rhdWfs

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ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf

mtwiw vjpujjikffhd

rhdWfs

gajjpd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis

miojjikffhd rhdWfs

(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)

jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd

Nghjhd rhdWfs

mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ

gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs

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cstpay hPjpahd

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rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk

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rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

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czikahd rkkjjijj

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njhlughd rhdWfs

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thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs

b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-

Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y

ixgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs

Fww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

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Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

oikT

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nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs

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guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs

jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs

gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)

jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs

Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)

xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs

Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)

jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd

Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd

mbggilapy jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssggllikffhd

rhdWfs (kwWk)

mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

nghJkffs kPJ

jhfFjyfs

NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd

myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu

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Uggjwfhd rhdWfs

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jjifa jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssgglld

mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)

xgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

oikTgt njhlurrp

nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld

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jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)

jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)

[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]

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cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)

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xigpdizgG 1

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g pd izg G 1

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Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs

tprhuizfis myyJ eputhf hPjpahd kwWk xOffhwW eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLk mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs

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FwwkpiojtUfF tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuKk flLgghLfSk fhzgglld (nghJkffs fllisj jsgjpfs)

cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs

csehlL rlljpllqfs ykhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ mjpfhuk nrYjJtjwfhd rejuggqfs toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndahimana TJ)reNjf eghplk cjjuTfisAk fllisfisAk tpLggjwfhd mjpfhuk fhzggllJld mjd mbggilapy mit nrawgLjjggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizeyimana TJ Ndahimana TJ)

Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

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Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs

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xiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

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Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll egu czikapy mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll reNjf egUfF mwptpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizey- imana TJ)reNjf egUfF Fwwthspfisj njhpAk vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ)ghjpffgglltufis reNjf egu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Aleksovski TJ)

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Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ chpa jzlidfisf FwwthspfSfF toqFtjwNfh myyJ tprhuizfis chpa mjpfhhpfSfF rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffs Nkwnfhssggltpyiy

Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF mtrpakhd epahaG+utkhd eltbfiffis vLggjwFj jtwpaik (myyJ)

Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF epahaG+utkhd tifapy chpa cjjuTfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdw rhdWfs (Bagosora et al TJ)Fwwqfs ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ elfFk gb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJiuggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwk ioggjpypUeJ jtpueJ eleJnfhsSkgb jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufSfF vLjJf $wj jtwpaikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ)Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF reNjf egu jtwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)Fwwr nrayfspy reNjf egUk gqFgwwpAsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Al- eksovski TJ)

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ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012

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ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013

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N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh

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kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG

rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL

Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005

mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif

kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011

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ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011

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O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk

O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk

O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk

O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk

O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk

O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk

O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk

O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk

mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy

O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk

a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk

c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs

xxxgpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)

e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs

Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ

O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk

O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)

tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk

ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk

O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk

O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw

O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk

bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs

jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs

bull nghJthd mkrqfs

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs

murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs

Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs

bull njhluGss mkrqfs

tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs

njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs

Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs

xxxigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs

O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk

O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd

O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)

O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk

ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk

O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)

O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk

O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ

njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk

bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy

bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs

bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd

Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk

bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy

bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)

bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)

bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs

KbTffllk

O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)

O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk

O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)

O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs

xxxiigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk

O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs

O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk

O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk

O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)

O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

xxxiiigpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ

rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll

juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk

1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)

2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)

3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy

4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp

5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk

6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau

7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau

8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)

9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop

10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp

11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk

12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)

13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ

xxxivgpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)

15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk

16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk

19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs

20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk

21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs

22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs

23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)

xxxvgpdizgG 9

fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

g pd izg G 9

rhdW NrfhpgG fhty

njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp

njhlurrp

tofF y

NkwNfhs y

Nrfhpffggll jpfjp

Nrfhpffggll Neuk

rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk

tpsffk

fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk

Nrfhpjjth

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

gpddpizgG 9 fhty

njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

xxxvigpdizgG 9

fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

g pd izg G 9

rhdW NrfhpgG fhty

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Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

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Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

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Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo

TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

Page 25: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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bull mejf FOitr Nruej egufSfF fLikahd cly hPjpahd myyJ cs hPjpahd fhaqfis VwgLjjy

bull mfFO kPJ KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth ngsjPf hPjpahd mopTfis VwgLjjf $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy

bull mfFOtpd dgngUffjij jLfff $ba tpjjjpy jpllkplL eleJnfhssy

bull mfFOitr Nruej gpsisfis tYffllhakhf NtW lqfSfF khwWjy

2 NkYss yffk 1 y FwpggplgglLss tplaqfspy VjhtJ xdiw iojjy mfFOit KoikahfNth myyJ gFjpahfNth mopfFk Nehffjjpy rnrayfis Nkwnfhssy13

3 Njrpagt dgt kj hPjpahd jjifa FOffs kPjhd jhfFjyfs

vigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

3 njhluGila mkrqfs nghWgGf $wy tif14

FwwjjpwF ahu nghWgGgt vjjifa nghWgGf $wYfF clglltugt cjhuzkhf ndash Neubahf myyJ fllisaply myyJ Nkyjpfhhp Nghdw nghWgGfs15

Neubg nghWgGfs ndash mkrqfs

Fwwkpiojjtu Neubahf myyJ kiwKfkhf myyJ $lLf Fwwkpiojjtuhff fhzgglygt cjjutplygt VwWfnfhssygt JzLjygt cjtpnrajy myyJ FwwkpioggjwF NtWtpjkhd gqfspgGffis eyFjy (VjhtJ nraiyr nrajy myyJ nraahJ tply) myyJ Fwwkpioggjwfhd Kawrpfis Nkwnfhssy (VjhtJ nrayfisj jtpujjy)gt nghJ Nehffjjpd epkpjjk nrawgLfpdw FOnthdwpd kPJ jhfFjiy Nkwnfhssy16

fllisapLjy Nkyjpfhhp vdw tifapy nghWgGf$wy

uhZtf fllis mjpfhhpfs

1 rllggb myyJ eilKiwapy uhZtf fllisapLk mjpfhhpahfg gzpahwwpajd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ fllisapLk mjpfhuk myyJ flLgghLfs

2 jdfFf fPog gzpahwWfpdwtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij tu edF mwpejpUjjy

3 Fwwqfisj jLggjwF chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufisj jzbffhJ tpLjy myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufs kPJ chpa tprhuizfis Nkwnfhstjwfhf rkgejggll mjpfhhpfsplk mtufis mDggpitffj jtWjy

4 jd fhuzkhf Nkwgb Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

14 ghypay tdKiwfSld njhluGila tofFj njhLjjyfisg nghWjjtiuapy kuG hPjpahf rhdwspjjy vdw tif

kpfTk gytPdkhfNt fhzggLfpdwJ jd fhuzkhfNth gyu tpLjiy nraaggLfpdwdu myyJ mtufs kPjhd

Fwwqfs jsujjggLfpdwd jjifa rejuggqfspy nghWgGf$wy gwwpa Nfstpfis kpfTk ftdkhff NflgJ

nghUjjkhFk Vnddpygt J mww epiyapy vQrpa rhdWfis tpidjjpwd kpff Kiwapy Nkwnfhss KbahJ

Nghfyhk gy rejuggqfspy ePjpgjpfs tthW FwpggplLssdu lsquoghypay tdKiw ioffgglLssJ vdgjid vttpj reNjfjjpwF lkpdwp mwpa KbejhYk $l jjifa Fwwqfis vjpuhsp iojjhu vdgjid epampgpggjwFg NghjpasT rhdWfs yiyrsquo jjifa MtzggLjjyfs Kffpakhditahff fhzggLfpdwd

15 rhujJiuffggll Fwwthspfs njhlughd jftyfis lsquoFwpggpll tifapyhdrsquo myyJ lsquomkrqfisAila rhlrpfsrsquo khjjpuNk (cau klljjpy csNs gzpahwwpa rhlrpfs) Fwpggpl KbAnkd ngUkghYk fUjggllJ Fwpgghf Fwwk

ioffggll ljjpypUeJ ntF njhiytpy Fwwkpiojjtu tprhhpffggLfpdw nghOJk kwWk FwwkpiojjtUfFk

Fwwr nraYfFk ilapy Neubj njhluGfs yyhj rejuggqfspYk it fhzgglld VjhtJ Fwpggpll rhlrpfs

njhlugpyhd Cfqfis Nkwnfhstij MtzggLjJdufSk tprhuizahsufSk jtpuggJ rpwgghdjhFk cau

klljjpy Fwwkpiojj rpNul egu njhiytpy Uffpdw glrjjpy ngUkghYk ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs

Fwwkpiojj mjjifa mjpfhhp njhlugpy mjjifa rhlrpfis kpfTk cWjpAld njhptpgghsufs jjifa

rejuggjjpy xtnthU rhlrpAk tprhupffggly NtzLnkdgNjhLgt NfstpfisAk Nflf NtzLk NkYk Kffpa

rhdWfis offhky ghJfhffTk NtzLk

16 MizfFOthdJ (IrPrP rllkgt cWgGiu 25(3)(a)) jdpgglljhf myyJ Neub ngsjPf MizfFothf myyJ

VidatufSld $lbizeJ Fwwqfis iojjtufshf Uffyhk izf FwwkpiojjyfshdJ Fwwjjpd kPJ

$lLf flLgghlLld njhluGila myyJ dndhUtu ykhf Fwwjjpid iojjy myyJ kwWnkhU egUfF

FwwkpioggjwF fllisaply myyJ kwwtiu Fwwrnraypy ltLgLtjwFj JzLjy myyJ fhuzpahf Ujjy

myyJ FwwkpioggjwF mtrpakhd eilKiw rhuej cjtpfis toqFjy cjhuzkhfgt Fwwk ioggjwFf

fhuzpahf Ujjy myyJ Neubahf Fwwthspia clrhfggLjjy myyJ cstpay hPjpahd cjtpfis FwwthspfF

toqFjy Nghdwd

rptpy fllisapLk mjpfhhpfs

1 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPjhd tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuk kwWk flLgghL Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf NkyjpfhhpfSfFk fPog gzpahwWgtufSfFk ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs tYgngwy

2 jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpioffpdwhufs vdgij edF njspthf mwpejpUeJk mjjifa jftyfis NtzLnkdNw epuhfhpjjy

3 Nkyjpfhhpfspd flLgghlbwFk nghWggpwFk clgll tplaqfspNyNa Fwwr nrayfs lkngwWssd

4 mjjifa Fwwqfisj jLggjwNfh myyJ Fwwkpiojjtufis tprhuiz Nkwnfhstjwfhfr rkuggpggjwNfh chpa eltbfiffis Nkwnfhsshky Ujjy

5 jjifa eltbfiffspd fhuzkhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ chpa eltbfif vLffj jtwpaikapd fhuzkhf jjifa Fwwqfs ioffgglLssd

viigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fw wj j pd tif td Gzu T

Fww mkrqfs

Fww mkrqfsgt nghJthd

Fww tiffs kwWk

nghWgGf $wy tiffsgt

izgG mkrqfs

MftikTfs njhlughd mkrqfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfisf

nfhzLssd

rhdW toptif

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj

jhgpggjwF gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej

fzlwpjyfs

mkrqfs MfftikTfs rhdW tiffs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofF rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

jplltllkhd mkrqfs mjJkPwy eljijfs

MzFwpia

clnrYjJtjd yk

Fwwkpiojjtu kww eguJ

cly kPJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy jjifa

clnrYjjy rpwpjhf

Uej nghOjpYk $l

ghjpffgglltu kPjhd

mjJkPwyfshfNt it

UfFk jdJ MzFwpia

Fjthapy myyJ

Nahdpapy nrYjJjy

myyJ NtW nghUlfis

clnrYjjpa mjJkPwyfs

clypy vejg

gFjpapyhtJ mjJkPwpg

gpuNtrpjjy myyJ

ghypay cWgGfs

ykhd mjJkPwyfs

(myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghYWgG ykhf

ghjpffgglltuJ cliy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

MzFwpia ngz NahdpapDs

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(ngkgh hPN[gt flqf hPN[)

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjthapy MzFwpia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (ngkgh

hPN[) MzFwpia ghjpffgglltuJ

thapy clnrYjjy (ngkgh hPN[)gt

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdpapy myyJ

kythapy ypUeJ tpeJfs

tbeJ tejikffhd rhdWfs

ghjpffgglltuJ Nahdp myyJ

Fjthapy fhak Vwglljwfhd

rhdWfs (K`pkhdh hPN[)

VjhtJ nghUsfs

myyJ clypyd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

Nkwnfhssggll

mjJkPwyfs

VjhtJ nghUlfs

myyJ clkgpd

VjhtJ ghfjjpdhy

ghjpffgglltuJ Fjtha

myyJ Nahdpapy

mjJkPwpaikffhd

rhdWfs

ngz cWggpDs ltlbia

clnrYjjpaikffhd rhdWfs

(KghUpdh BrPrP)

gyifj Jznlhdiw ngz

cWggpDs clnrYjjp

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd

rhdWfs (mfnaR hPN[)

thagGss rhdWfSffhd cjhuzqfs

rhdWggjjpuk X lkpUejhd rhdWg gjjpuk (nghpa eghfs) vdJ jiyiag gzpjJ iffisf flbdh

mjd gpddhgt rpwpa eghfs (hellip) MzFwpia csNs jpzpjjdhhellip mNjNtisgt tthW

Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd

gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m

gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ

ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff

Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs

g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey

viiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik

tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf

fhtypy itjjy Nghdw

mrrqfs kwWk cstpay

hPjpahd mOjjqfs

myyJ mjpfhuj

JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg

gpuNahfpggjd yk

gytejkhf myyJ

mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd

ykhf jjifa

mjJkPwyfs ioffggly

myyJ mjjifa egufs

thOfpdw oyfisj

jkfFr rhjfkhf

gadgLjjpf nfhzL

mjjifa egufs jkJ

tpUggjijj njhptpff

Kbahj oepiyfspy

gytejkhf mtufSfF

vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

gytejk ykhd

mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghypay cWggpd ykhf

ghjpffggllthpd clypy

VjhtJ ghfjjpDs

mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl

rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag

gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs

(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll

fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

cstpay hPjpahf myyJ

kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt

gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd

rhdWfs

clypay hPjpahf

gytejjijg

gpuNahfpjjikffhd

rhdWfs

mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy

ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf

mtwiw vjpujjikffhd

rhdWfs

gajjpd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis

miojjikffhd rhdWfs

(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)

jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd

Nghjhd rhdWfs

mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ

gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs

tdKiwapdhy Vwgll

mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

cstpay hPjpahd

mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk

njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

rkkjk njhptpffgglhik

myyJ jhdhf

KdteJ gqFgwwpaik

dikffhd rhdWfs

czikahd rkkjjijj

njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik

njhlughd rhdWfs

jLgGffhtypy

Uejikffhd rhdWfs

thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs

b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-

Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y

ixgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs

Fww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

oikT

Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld

jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs

FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)

nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs

nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)

guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs

jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs

gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)

jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs

Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)

xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs

Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)

jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd

Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd

mbggilapy jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssggllikffhd

rhdWfs (kwWk)

mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

nghJkffs kPJ

jhfFjyfs

NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd

myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu

vdw mwpT

FwwkpiojjtUfF

Uggjwfhd rhdWfs

jd Xu mqfkhfNt

jjifa jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssgglld

mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)

xgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

oikTgt njhlurrp

nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld

VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs

jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)

jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)

[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]

muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs

cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)

mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)

nkd] wpah

Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu

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bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)

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O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

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xxxiigpdizgG 7

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g pd izg G 7

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O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs

O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk

O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk

O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)

O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

xxxiiigpdizgG 8

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g pd izg G 8

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1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)

2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)

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5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk

6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau

7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau

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9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop

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11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk

12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)

13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ

xxxivgpdizgG 8

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g pd izg G 8

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15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk

16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk

19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs

20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk

21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs

22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs

23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)

xxxvgpdizgG 9

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(ifnahggk)

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

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(ifnahggk)

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(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

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fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

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(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

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fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

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(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

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Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

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rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

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ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

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ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

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KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

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cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

Page 26: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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Fwpggpllhh ldquoejg nglil ehafF gpsisfs Uffpdwd J nghpjhf UffpdwJgt mjd

gpddh jdJ MzFwpia ntspNa vLjJ FjthapDs clnrYjjpdh ghhff gFjp m

gFgghaTfs fUtpfs njhlhghdJ

ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff

Mtzk RahjPd kUjJt mikgGfs cUthffgglL rhlrp X dhy toqfggll kUjJtr rll mwpfif kwWk G+uzggLjjggll kUjJt tuyhWfs

g pd d pizg G 1M khjpu pr rhd Wr nray Ey

viiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

Fwpg ghd mk rq fs Mf f puk pg g pd jd ik

tdKiwgt gytejkgt jLgGf

fhtypy itjjy Nghdw

mrrqfs kwWk cstpay

hPjpahd mOjjqfs

myyJ mjpfhuj

JgpuNahfk Nghdwtwiwg

gpuNahfpggjd yk

gytejkhf myyJ

mrRWjjiy VwgLjJtjd

ykhf jjifa

mjJkPwyfs ioffggly

myyJ mjjifa egufs

thOfpdw oyfisj

jkfFr rhjfkhf

gadgLjjpf nfhzL

mjjifa egufs jkJ

tpUggjijj njhptpff

Kbahj oepiyfspy

gytejkhf mtufSfF

vjpuhd mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

gytejk ykhd

mjJkPwyfs (myyJ)

Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghypay cWggpd ykhf

ghjpffggllthpd clypy

VjhtJ ghfjjpDs

mjJkPwyfis

Nkwnfhssy

mjJkPwyfis Nkwnfhzl

rejuggqfspy tdKiwiag

gpuNahfpjjikffhd rhdWfs

(gpkh hPN[) kpRkpah hPN[

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltUfF Vwgll

fhaqfs njhlughd rhdWfs

mjJkPwyfspd fhuzkhf

cstpay hPjpahf myyJ

kUjJt hPjpahd jhffqfsgt

gpdtpisTfs Vwgllikffhd

rhdWfs

clypay hPjpahf

gytejjijg

gpuNahfpjjikffhd

rhdWfs

mjJkPwpa rejuggqfspy

ghjpffgglltu cly hPjpahf

mtwiw vjpujjikffhd

rhdWfs

gajjpd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis

miojjikffhd rhdWfs

(gPkh hPN[gt kpRkh hPN[)

jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd

Nghjhd rhdWfs

mrRWjjygt gytejk myyJ

gytejkhd mjJkPwyfs

tdKiwapdhy Vwgll

mrrk njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

cstpay hPjpahd

mOjjqfs gwwpa rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

mjpfhuj JgpuNahfk

njhlughd rhdWfs

Majqfisf fhlb

mrRWjjpaikffhd

rhdWfs (gPkh hPN[)

rkkjk njhptpffgglhik

myyJ jhdhf

KdteJ gqFgwwpaik

dikffhd rhdWfs

czikahd rkkjjijj

njhptpggjwF Mwwypdik

njhlughd rhdWfs

jLgGffhtypy

Uejikffhd rhdWfs

thagGss rhdWfs njhlughf yqfspypUeJ ngwWfnfhssggll cjhuzqfs

b[ply ePy epw MilazpejpUej uzL ngzfis uhZtjjpdu gytejkhf tPnlhdwpDs Oj-

Jr nrdwik njhlughd ]khl Nghd Mjhuqfsgt [pNah nufl fpuhkk Y

ixgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

nghJthd mkrqfs khDljjpwF vjpuhd Fwwqfs

Fww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk gyNtW tpjkhd MfftikTfis csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdW tiffs tofFr rlljjpypUeJ cjhuzqfs

oikT

Fwwqfs guejstpyhdnjhU mqfkhf myyJ Kiwahd jhfFjyhf ioffgglld

jhfFjy FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpfggllikffhd rhdWfs

FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)

nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs

nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)

guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs

jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs

gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)

jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs

Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)

xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs

Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)

jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd

Nehffqfs Mfpatwwpd

mbggilapy jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssggllikffhd

rhdWfs (kwWk)

mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

nghJkffs kPJ

jhfFjyfs

NkwnfhssgglbUffpdwd

myyJ nfhyyggLfpdwdu

vdw mwpT

FwwkpiojjtUfF

Uggjwfhd rhdWfs

jd Xu mqfkhfNt

jjifa jhfFjyfs

Nkwnfhssgglld

mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)

xgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

oikTgt njhlurrp

nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld

VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs

jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)

jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)

[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]

muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs

cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)

mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)

nkd] wpah

Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu

jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)

jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

xigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk

gyNtW tpjkhd

MfftikTfis

csslffpAssJ

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs

khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs

rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)

mjpfhupapd rhdWfs

Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)

Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)

Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs

tprhuizfis myyJ eputhf hPjpahd kwWk xOffhwW eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLk mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs

mjpfhhpfSfFg gjtpAauT toqFjy myyJ mtufis gjtpapypUeJ mfwWjy njhlughf reNjf egUfFss mjpfhuqfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)

FwwkpiojtUfF tpidjjpwd kpff mjpfhuKk flLgghLfSk fhzgglld (nghJkffs fllisj jsgjpfs)

cau mjpfhuk fhzggllikffhd rhdWfs

csehlL rlljpllqfs ykhf jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ mjpfhuk nrYjJtjwfhd rejuggqfs toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndahimana TJ)reNjf eghplk cjjuTfisAk fllisfisAk tpLggjwfhd mjpfhuk fhzggllJld mjd mbggilapy mit nrawgLjjggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizeyimana TJ Ndahimana TJ)

Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)

Fwwkpiojjtufis jzbggJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfFf fhzggLfpdw nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfs gwwpa rhdWfs

jdfFf fPo gzpahwWk mjpfhhpfis rllG+utkhf mtufsJ gjtpapypUeJ mfwWtjwfhf csehlL rllqfs yk mjpfhuk toqfggllikffhd rhdWfs (Karemera amp Ngirumpatse TJ)jdfF fPo gzpahwWfpdw Copaufs kPJ xOffhwW eltbfiffis Nkwnfhstjd nghUlL csehlLr rlljjpd fPo mjpfhuqfis toqfpaikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema amp Ruzin- dana)

xiigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

jdfFf fPo gzpahwWgtufs Fwwkpiojjij mtu mwpejpUff KbAk myyJ mwpejpUfff $Lk

uhZtjjpdu Fwwkpioffpwhufs myyJ Fwwkpioffg Nghfpwhufs vdgij Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu

Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll egu czikapy mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

Fwwqfs gwwp rkgejggll reNjf egUfF mwptpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nizey- imana TJ)reNjf egUfF Fwwthspfisj njhpAk vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ)ghjpffgglltufis reNjf egu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Aleksovski TJ)

uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffdwhufs myyJ Fwwqfis ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij oepiyfisf fUjjpwnfhzL NehfFifapy Fwwkpiojjtu mwpejpUejhu

uhZtjjpdu Fwwqfis ioffpdwhufs myyJ ioffg Nghfpdwhufs vdgij rkgejggll egu mwpejpUejikffhd rhdWfs

flej fhy Fwwqfs njhlugpy jzlidfis toqFtjwF reNjf egu jtwpAssik njhlughd rhdWfs (Karadzic TJ)jdfFf fPo gzpahwWfpdw uhZt Copaufs tdKiwahf myyJ cWjpaww gzGfspd mbggilapy nrawgllhufs vdw jfty reNjf egUfFf fpiljjikffhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac AJ)

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ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy

ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013

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N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh

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kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG

rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL

Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005

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O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

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Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk

1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)

2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)

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15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk

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18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk

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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo

TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO

World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd

xlGjjfgglbay

rutNjr rllk njhlugpyhdnjhU Fwwk myyJ kPWif

vdw tifapy ghypay tdKiw gwwpa MtzggLjjy

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

Page 27: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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ANALYSIS TOOL tpwfhd nrayEy gFjp M it ghuff

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fhtypy itjjy Nghdw

mrrqfs kwWk cstpay

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gytejk ykhd

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Fwwkpiojjtu jdJ

ghypay cWggpd ykhf

ghjpffggllthpd clypy

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cstpay hPjpahf myyJ

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gajjpd fhuzkhf

ghjpffgglltu kwwtufis

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jLgGffhtypd nghOJ rpiwapy itjjpUjjypd

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Fww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

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guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs

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jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs

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jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd

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mbggilapy jhfFjyfs

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nghJkffs kPJ

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vdw mwpT

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xgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

oikTgt njhlurrp

nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld

VjhtJ kffs $lljjpwF vjpuhf Nkwnf-hssggll jh-fFjyfs

jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)

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[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]

muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs

cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)

mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)

nkd] wpah

Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu

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jhfFjy gwwp Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)

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jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

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xigpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

njhlu Ggll mk rq fs fllis gw w pa nghWg GFww mkrqfs

fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

xtnthU mkrKk

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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau

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NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4

Mk yiy Mk yiy

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rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL

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kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011

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De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

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Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

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Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

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nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

xxxixGjjfgglbay

Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo

TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO

World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd

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rutNjr rllk njhlugpyhdnjhU Fwwk myyJ kPWif

vdw tifapy ghypay tdKiw gwwpa MtzggLjjy

njhlughd rpwej newpKiw

uzlhk gjpgG 2017 khur

Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

Page 28: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)

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O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

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xxxiigpdizgG 7

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g pd izg G 7

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O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs

O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk

O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk

O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)

O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

xxxiiigpdizgG 8

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g pd izg G 8

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1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)

2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)

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5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk

6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau

7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau

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9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop

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11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk

12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)

13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ

xxxivgpdizgG 8

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g pd izg G 8

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15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk

16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk

19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs

20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk

21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs

22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs

23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)

xxxvgpdizgG 9

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(ifnahggk)

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

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(ifnahggk)

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(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

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fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

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(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

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fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

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(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo

TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO

World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd

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rutNjr rllk njhlugpyhdnjhU Fwwk myyJ kPWif

vdw tifapy ghypay tdKiw gwwpa MtzggLjjy

njhlughd rpwej newpKiw

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

Page 29: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

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khWgll MfftikTfs kwWk mkrqfs Mfpatwiwj jhgpggjwfhf gadgLjjf$ba jplltllkhd czik rhuej fzlwpjyfs

Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

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FNuhjqfs gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfsgt it 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtW tifahd nrayfs (Fudhf vl vy hPN[gt nuhpkpu hPN[ gPkh hPN[)

nghJkffs njhlugpy jtwhf elhjjggllikffhd rhdWfs

nghJkffis Nkhrkhf eljjpaikffhd rhdWfs twWs 7(1) Mk cWgGiuapy Fwpggplggll gyNtWtpjkhd nrayfSk csslqFfpdwd (Ynf vl vy hPN[ [pngfNgh BrPrP)

guejstpyhd Kiwahf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs

jhfFjypd msT njhlughd rhdWfs

gyNtW tpjkhd nrayfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Brđanin TJ Ntakirutimana TJ Bemba TJ) gyNtW tpjqfspy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bisengimana TJ Bemba TJ) Gtpapay Nehffjjpd mbggilapy Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mjpfsT epjpiag gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfsgt uhZtkgt jqFkpl czT trjpfsgt Vida tsqfs Mfpatwiwf fzprkhdsT gadgLjjpaikffhd rhdWfs (Akayesu TJ Jelišić TJ) jhfFjypd fhuzkhf Vwgll gpdtpisTfs myyJ fzprkhd tpisTfs njhlughd rhdWjyfs (Kunarac et al TJ)

jhfFjy Kiw njhlughd rhdWfs

Fwwtpay nrayfs njhlurrpahf kPzLk kPzLk lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjy topKiwfsgt Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Ntaganda DCC) ghjpffgglltufsJ Njrpa dkgt tFgGgt rkak Mfpatwiw mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWjyfsgt ghjpffgglltuJ gpui[ mej]jjpid mbggilahff nfhzL Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs gwwpa rhdWfs (Kayishema kwWk Ruzindana TJ)

xOqfikffgll jdikAila jhfFjYffhd rhdWfs

Kd$lba jpllk myyJ nfhsifapd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kayishema and Ruzindana TJ) Gtpapay mbggilapy myyJ jwfhypf epfoTfspd mbggilapy xUtu kPJ kwwtu jhfFjiy Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Lukić et al TJ Katanga TJ) gyNtW khWgll fllqfspy jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) Kiwahf NtiythagGffis toqfpajd Clhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ) nfhsiffis eilKiwggLjJtjwfhf rkhejukhf jhgpffggll epWtdqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

FwwkpiojjtuJ nrayfs kwWk Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfs MfpatwWfF ilapyhd njhluG Kiwfs (Xu Mqfkhf)

jhfFjypd jdikgt mjd

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mtrpakpyiy jhfFjypd kjjpapy jjifa nrayfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kunarac et al TJ) jdikgt gpdtpisTfsgt gzGfsgt yfFfs Mfpa GJ mkrqfspd mbggilapy jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Kajelijeli TJ Kunarac et al TJ Gbagbo DCC) nghJthd csNehffk kwWk nradKiw Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy njhlurrpahf jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggllikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

nghJkffs kPJ

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mjwfhd rhdWfs Fwpggpll thujijfsgt Mtzqfs myyJ eljijfs Mfpatwwpd fhuzkhf ngwggll rhdWfs (Popović et al TJ) jhfFjy lkngww Gtpapay gpuNjrk njhlughd rhdWfs (Nzabonimana TJ)

xgpdizgG 1

ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

g pd izg G 1

oikTgt njhlurrp

nghJkffSfF vjpuhfNt jji-fa jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssgglld

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jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)

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[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]

muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs

cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)

mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)

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bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)

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O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

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xxxiigpdizgG 7

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g pd izg G 7

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O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs

O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk

O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk

O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)

O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

xxxiiigpdizgG 8

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g pd izg G 8

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1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)

2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)

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5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk

6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau

7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau

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9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop

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11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk

12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)

13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ

xxxivgpdizgG 8

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g pd izg G 8

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15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk

16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk

19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs

20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk

21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs

22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs

23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)

xxxvgpdizgG 9

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(ifnahggk)

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

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(ifnahggk)

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(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

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fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

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(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

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fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

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(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo

TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO

World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd

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rutNjr rllk njhlugpyhdnjhU Fwwk myyJ kPWif

vdw tifapy ghypay tdKiw gwwpa MtzggLjjy

njhlughd rpwej newpKiw

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

Page 30: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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jjhfFjypd y Nehffkhf nghJkffs fhzggllik-ffhd rhdWfs (vjpughuhj jh-fFjypd fhuz-khf ghjpffggll-tu myy)

jhfFjypd jdikgt oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ Muhima-na TJ Katanga TJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll Fwwqfspd msT njhlughd rhdWfs (Stakić TJ Kunarac AJ) jhfFjypd nghOJ Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs kwWk Kiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić TJ Kunarac et al TJ) Ieh ghJfhgG mikgG KiwfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjyfSffhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ) jhfFjypd ng-hOJ nghJkffs mjpfstpy ghjpffgglLssdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) vjjidNgu ghjpffgglldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Mrkšić et al TJ)

[murhqfk myyJ xOqfikgGr rhuej nfhsifapd fhuzkhf myyJ mjd tpisthf Vwgll oepiyapd fhuzkhf ioffggll Fwwqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs cWgGiu 7gt gejp 3]

muR myyJ mikgG hPjpahd nfhsiffs fhzggllikff-hd rhdWfs

cWgGiu 7(2)(a) apd gpufhuk mikgG xdW fhzggllikffhd rhdW-fs (Bemba TJ)

mjpfhhpfs ltLglldu myyJ mwpejpUejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Perišić TJ Bemba TJ) rkgejggll mjpfhhpfs jhfFjyfSffhf Kd Majjqfis Nkwnfhzldu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs rkgejggll Fwwr nray njhlugpy rfpgGjjdikAld Uejdu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ) mjpfhhpfs Nkwnfhzl NgrRfsgt vOjjhffqfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC Katanga TJ) jhfFjyfs Nkwnfhssggll topKiwfs njhlughd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) jwf-hypfkhf myyJ Gtpapay mbggilapy kPzLk kPzLk tdKiw-fs lkngwwjwfhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ) mikggpd msTgt jdik njhlughd rhdWfs (Blaškić AJ Bemba TJ)

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Neubahf Fwwk iojjtu jh-fFjy gwwp mwpe-jpUejhu

jjifa jh-fFjyfshdJgt nghJkffS-fF vjpuhd jhfFjyfspd guej mkrqf-sps Xu mqfk vdgijf Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

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jhfFjypd msTgt mjd ghjpgG kwWk Kiw Mfpad njhlughd rhdW-fs (Lukić et al TJ Bemba TJ) Fwwkpiojjthpd tfpghfkgt gjtpgt epiy njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Nizeyimana TJ) jhfFjiy Nkwnf-hzl gilapy Fwwkpiojjtu cWgGhpikiag ngwwpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ruto and Sang DCC) jhfFjyfis Nkwnfhzl gilAld njhlurrpahf Fwwkpiojjtu njhluGfis NkwnfhzbUejhu vdgjwf-hd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwkpiojjtu jhfFjypy gqF gwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ) jhfFjiyj jahugLjJk nghOJ Fwwk Rkjjgglltu mjpy gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) jhfFjy eilngww ljjpy Fwwk Rkjjgglltu rKfk-spjjpUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ Musema TJ Bemba TJ)

jhfFjy gwwp Fwwk RkjjgglltUfF vLjJf$wgglLssJ vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Vasiljević TJ) Fwpggpll gpuhejpajjpy jhfFjy Nkwnfhssggll jUzjjpy nghJthf mwpejpUejdu vdgJ njhlughd rhdWfs (Krnojelac TJ) jjifa jhfFjyfs njhlugpy Clfqfspy gutyhf nrajpfs lkngwwikffhd rhdWfs (Bemba TJ)

jhfFjypd Xu mqfkhfNt jhd gqNfwgijf Fwwkpiojj-tu mwpejpUejhu vdgjwfhd rh-dWfs

Fwwk Rkjjgglltu fllisfis toqfpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Gatete TJ) jhfFjiy NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf xOqfikffggll $llqf-spy Fwwk RkjjgglltUk gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjyfspd yffpidg G+uzggLjJk Kfkhf jhd tpUkgpNa Fwwkpiojjtu gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Ble Goude DCC) Fwwk Rkjjgglltu jhfFjYfF jdJ Mjutpidj njhptpjJsshu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Niyitegeka TJ) ghjpffgglltu Fwpggpll FOnthdiwr Nruej cWggpdu vdgij Fwwk Rkjjgglltu juk gphpjJ mwpejikffhd rhdW-fs (Niyitegeka TJ) jhfFjypd jdik kwWk oy njhlughd rhdWfs (Gotovina et al TJ Ndahimana TJ)

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwn-fhssggll jhfFjyfspd Xu mqfNk j-jifa eljij vdgij Fwwk-piojjtu mwpe-jpUejhu

VwGilajyy jhfFjypy Fwwkpiojjtu RWRWgghfg gqFgwwpdhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Jelišić TJ)

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ghypay tdKiw Fwwqfspd MtzggLjjYffhd rhdWr nrayEhy

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fPOss Fwwqfs njhlughd mkrqfsgt Fww mkrqfs njhlughd nghJthd tiffs kwWk nghWgGf $wy topKiwfs njhluGila mkrqfs

mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

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Fww mkrqfs mkrqfs njhlughd MfftikTfs

epampgpggjwfhd topKiwfs (cjhuzqfs csslffgglLssd)

rhdWfspd tiffs tofFrrllqfspypUeJ cjhuzqfs

rllggbahd myyJ rllggbahf vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy czikahd fllisj jsgjp jdfF fPo gzpahwWgtufs kPJ tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfis Nkwnfhzlhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

Fwwkpiojjtu tpidjjpwd kpff fllisfisAk flLgghLfisAk nfhzbUejhu (uhZtf fllisj jsgjpfs)

mjpfhupapd rhdWfs

Kiwrhuej Kiwapy uhZtg gjtpfis tfpjjikffhd rhdWfs (Đorđević TJ)fllisj njhlufis Nkwnfhzlikffhd rhdWfs (Orić TJ)fllisfis toqFtjwF reNjf egUfFss Mwwyfs njhlughd rhdWfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwggllikffhd rhdWfs (Nyiramasuhuko et al TJ Hadžihasanović amp Kubura TJ Bemba TJ)cau nghJ tpsffk njhlughd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)rllggb vtthwpUej nghOjpYk elggpy dikahd fPo mYtyufs kwWk gzpahsufspdhy mjpfhuk gpuNahfpffggllikffhd rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)

Fwwk ioggij jLggjwfhf nghUs hPjpahd Mwwyfisr reNjf egu nfhzbUejhu vdgjwfhd rhdWfs

NkhjYffhf Neubf fllisfis toqFtJ njhlugpy reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk gwwpa rhdWfs (Ndindiliyimana et al TJ)NgrRthujijfspd nghOJ gilapdiu gpujpepjpjJtk nratjwF reNjf egUfF Uej mjpfhuk njhlughd rhdWfs (Bagosora TJ)reNjf egUff fllisfis tpepNahfpjjy njhlugpy fhzggll Mwwyfs myyJ mjpfhuqfs kwWk mjjifa fllisfs epiwNtwwgglldth vdgjwfhd rhdWfs (Strugar TJ)

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NordmCNOMpage 4 of 4

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bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs

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O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)

O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk

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O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

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Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

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O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs

O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk

O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk

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O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

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g pd izg G 8

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2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)

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9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop

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11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk

12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)

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g pd izg G 8

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15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk

16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk

19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs

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23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

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(ifnahggk)

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(ifnahggk)

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

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(ifnahggk)

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(ifnahggk)

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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

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TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

Page 31: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL

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kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011

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O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk

O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk

O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk

O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk

O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk

O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk

mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy

O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk

a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk

c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs

xxxgpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)

e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs

Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ

O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk

O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)

tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk

ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk

O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk

O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw

O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk

bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs

jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs

bull nghJthd mkrqfs

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs

murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs

Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs

bull njhluGss mkrqfs

tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs

njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs

Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs

xxxigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs

O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk

O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd

O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)

O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk

ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk

O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)

O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk

O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ

njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk

bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy

bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs

bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd

Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk

bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy

bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)

bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)

bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs

KbTffllk

O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)

O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk

O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)

O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs

xxxiigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk

O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs

O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk

O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk

O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)

O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

xxxiiigpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ

rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll

juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk

1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)

2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)

3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy

4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp

5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk

6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau

7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau

8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)

9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop

10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp

11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk

12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)

13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ

xxxivgpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)

15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk

16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk

19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs

20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk

21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs

22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs

23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)

xxxvgpdizgG 9

fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

g pd izg G 9

rhdW NrfhpgG fhty

njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp

njhlurrp

tofF y

NkwNfhs y

Nrfhpffggll jpfjp

Nrfhpffggll Neuk

rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk

tpsffk

fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk

Nrfhpjjth

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

gpddpizgG 9 fhty

njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

xxxvigpdizgG 9

fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

g pd izg G 9

rhdW NrfhpgG fhty

njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp

njhlurrp

tofF y

NkwNfhs y

Nrfhpffggll jpfjp

Nrfhpffggll Neuk

rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk

tpsffk

fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk

Nrfhpjjth

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo

TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO

World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd

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vdw tifapy ghypay tdKiw gwwpa MtzggLjjy

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

Page 32: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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Fwwqfs ioffggLtijj jLggjwF mtrpakhd epahaG+utkhd eltbfiffis vLggjwFj jtwpaik (myyJ)

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rpfpriraspjjthpd ngau NordmCNOMrpfpriraspjjthpd ifnahggk jpfjppage 3 of 4

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ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012

ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy

ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk

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N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh

ngzfs njhlughd kdpj chpikfSffhd mtru nray epjpak - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwk kwWk ftpdh kdwk 2008

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG

rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL

Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005

mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif

kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011

ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs

kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013

ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011

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O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk

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O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

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O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo

TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

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Page 33: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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ruNtj ghJfhgG 2012

ghJfhtyu KdndLgG ghJfhgG KfhikjJt nrayEy

ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs njhlughd Kddzpf ifNaL vjjifa ghJfhgGffis INuhggpa xdwpaKk NehuNt uh[jejpu JJtuhyaKk toqf KbAk

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N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh

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kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG

rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL

Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005

mnkhpffhtpy kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufs epiyiknjhlughd uzlhtJ mwpfif

kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011

ghJfhgGg nglb cqfsJ b[ply ghJfhgG njhlughd fUtpfs kwWk Elgqfs

kElgk kwWk njhopyElgf $wW kwWk Guzliyd fUjjpllk - kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggjwfhd rutNjr kdwkgt 2013

ghJfhgG njhlughd nrayEy lu epiyia vjpunfhsfpdw kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd eilKiwrhu gbKiwfs

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2011

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O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk

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O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs

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O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)

O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo

TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

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ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013

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kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd Gjpa ghJfhgGf ifNaLgt dwhtJ gjpgG

rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL

Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005

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kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011

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Milfsftufs

xxviiigpdizgG 6

ifgig

g pd izg G 6

Vidait

mtru gaz mDkjpffhf uzL Nkyjpf milahs mlilg Gifgglqfs

tiuglqfsgt jpirawp fUtpfsgt [Pgpv] (mtwiw vtthW gadgLjJtJ vdgij mwpejpUffTk mNjNtis rpy ehLfspy [Pgpv] Ig gadgLjJtJ rlltpNuhjkhFk)

hpa xspapypUeJ ghJfhfFk Kfkhf nghUjjkhd fzzhbfs

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nghUjjkhd Nghuitfs (cWjpahditahf oYfF nghUjjkhdjhf Ujjy NtzLk)

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ePiuj JgguTnraAk khjjpiu myyJ ePujJgguthffp

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rtuffhukgt gwJhpifgt gwgirgt Jtha

fopggiwf fhfpjqfs

jPgnglbgt rpfulfsgt Mziwfs

ePu clGfh Nug

rjjkhd tprpy

RthrpggjwF cfej Kfbfs

lfl Nug

xxixgpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

gpddpizgG 7 Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

Nglb fhzgjwnfd ePqfs jpllkplL mjwFj jahuhfpajd gpddu1gt mgNglbapd tplak vjjifajhf Uej nghOjpYk Nglb fhZfpdw rfyUk Mff FiwejJ gpdtUk nrawghLfis NkwnfhsSjy NtzLk

1 NglbAld njhluGila rkhjhd tiuTrrllfk njhlughd dW kjjpa fll tplaqfis csslffpajhf ejr

Nrhjidg glbay fhzggLfpwJ 1 ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjygt 2 tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy 3 KbT rkhjhd

tiuTrrllfjjpd Kffpa myyJ mjjpahtrpa mkrqfshd jpllkply kwWk jahugLjjy kwWk kjpggPLfs Mfpad

tphpthf mjjpahak 11 y jugglLssJ Nglb fhzy

ltLghL kwWk tpsffkspjjy

O Nglbaspggtu Neujij xJffpaikffhf mtUfF edwp njhptpffTkgt mjNjhL mtu ghJfhgghfTk nrsfhpakhfTk csshu vdgij cWjpggLjjTk

O cqfisAk cqfsJ FOitAk mwpKfk nraaTk rKfkspjjpUfFk xtnthU eguJk tfpghfk gwwp tpsffkspffTk

O ciungaugghsu myyJ FwpgG vLggtu MfpNahiug gadgLjJtjhapdgt mtufis mwpKfk nraaTk mtufsJ tfpghfk kwWk ufrpajjdik njhlughd flgghLfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk Nglb fhzfpdw FOTld fijggij Nglbaspggtu nrsfhpakhf csshuh vdgijf NflfTk

O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapd Nehffk kwWk mjdJ jdik gwwp KOikahf tpsffkspffTkgt mjNjhL FOtpwfhd Miz kwWk mjd $llzp vdgJ njhlugpy vLjJiuffTk

O Nglbapd Nehffk kwWk mjd tbtk gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt vjjifa Nfstpfs NflfggLk vdgijAk tpsffTk

O Nglbapd fhy msT gwwp fyeJiuahlTk mjNjhLgt ghjpffgglltu kwWk rhlrp jdfF tpUggkhd vej NeujjpYk XantLffyhk myyJ vej NeujjpYk Nglbia KbjJfnfhssyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk

O vjpufhyjjpy jjftyfs vtthW gadgLjjgglyhk vdgijf FwpggplTk twWs vjpufhyjjpy ntspaplggLk dwhk egufs gwwpAk FwpggplTk (cjhuzkhfgt nghyp]gt tprhuizahsufsgt ePjpkdwqfs) jwF ghjpffgglltugt rhlrpfs rkkjjjpidj njhptpjjy NtzLk

O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk

O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk

O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk

O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk

O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk

O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk

mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy

O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk

a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk

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xxxgpdizgG 7

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g pd izg G 7

d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)

e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs

Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ

O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk

O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)

tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk

ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk

O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk

O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw

O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk

bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs

jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs

bull nghJthd mkrqfs

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs

murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs

Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs

bull njhluGss mkrqfs

tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs

njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs

Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs

xxxigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs

O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk

O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd

O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)

O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk

ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk

O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)

O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk

O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ

njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk

bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy

bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs

bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd

Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk

bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy

bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)

bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)

bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs

KbTffllk

O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)

O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk

O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)

O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs

xxxiigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk

O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs

O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk

O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk

O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)

O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

xxxiiigpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ

rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll

juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk

1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)

2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)

3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy

4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp

5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk

6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau

7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau

8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)

9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop

10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp

11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk

12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)

13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ

xxxivgpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)

15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk

16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk

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22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs

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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo

TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO

World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

Page 35: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL

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kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011

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O ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJld njhluGila klLgghLfisg gwwp tpsffkspffTk mjNjhLgt MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtjd fhuzkhf Vwglf$ba lufs gwwpAk Nglb mspggtUfFf FwpggplTk nghUjjkhapd ngwWfnfhssf $ba Nritfspd klLgghL gwwpAk tpsffkspffTk

O rpWtufs csslqfyhf Nglb mspggtUfF mtu tpUkgpdhy fijff KbAk myyJ fijffhjpUff KbAk vdgJ Nghdw njhpTfs cssd vdgijAk FwpggplTk

O Nglb fhzy nradKiwapy Nglb mspggtuJ vjpughugGfis kjpggPL nraJ KfhikjJtk nraaTk jftyfs gadgLjJk Kiwgt mtrpakhd fhzggLfpdw cjtpfs Nghdwtwiwf fUjjpwnfhssTk

O Nglb mspggtUfFf fpilfff $ba Vida ghJfhgG myyJ Vida mffiwfs gwwp vLjJiuffTk

O Nglb mspggtu jwF Kddu Nglb fhzggllhuh myyJ NtW tpjkhd $wWffisj njhptpjjhuh vd ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NflfTk kwWk myyJ vjjifNahUld mtufs fyeJiuahlyfis Nkwnfhzlhufs vdgijAk NflfTk

O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk

mwptpffggll rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssy

O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk

a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk

c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs

xxxgpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)

e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs

Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ

O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk

O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)

tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk

ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk

O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk

O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw

O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk

bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs

jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs

bull nghJthd mkrqfs

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs

murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs

Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs

bull njhluGss mkrqfs

tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs

njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs

Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs

xxxigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs

O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk

O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd

O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)

O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk

ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk

O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)

O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk

O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ

njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk

bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy

bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs

bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd

Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk

bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy

bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)

bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)

bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs

KbTffllk

O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)

O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk

O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)

O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs

xxxiigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk

O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs

O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk

O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk

O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)

O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

xxxiiigpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ

rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll

juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk

1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)

2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)

3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy

4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp

5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk

6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau

7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau

8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)

9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop

10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp

11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk

12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)

13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ

xxxivgpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)

15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk

16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk

19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs

20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk

21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs

22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs

23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)

xxxvgpdizgG 9

fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

g pd izg G 9

rhdW NrfhpgG fhty

njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp

njhlurrp

tofF y

NkwNfhs y

Nrfhpffggll jpfjp

Nrfhpffggll Neuk

rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk

tpsffk

fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk

Nrfhpjjth

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

gpddpizgG 9 fhty

njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

xxxvigpdizgG 9

fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

g pd izg G 9

rhdW NrfhpgG fhty

njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp

njhlurrp

tofF y

NkwNfhs y

Nrfhpffggll jpfjp

Nrfhpffggll Neuk

rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk

tpsffk

fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk

Nrfhpjjth

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

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Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo

TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

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bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)

bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs

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O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

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g pd izg G 7

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O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs

O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk

O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk

O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)

O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

xxxiiigpdizgG 8

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g pd izg G 8

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1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)

2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)

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5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk

6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau

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9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop

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11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk

12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)

13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ

xxxivgpdizgG 8

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g pd izg G 8

14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)

15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk

16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk

19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs

20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk

21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs

22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs

23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)

xxxvgpdizgG 9

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(ifnahggk)

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

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Nrfhpffggll jpfjp

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

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(ifnahggk)

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

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Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

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Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

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rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

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rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

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UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

Page 38: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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ghJfhtyu ghJfhgG KdndLgGgt fkghyhgt cfzlhgt 2013

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N[d nguhp kwWk tfpdlh neadh

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rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009

kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufis ghJfhggJ njhlughd ifNaL

Guzliydgt kdpj chpikfs ghJfhtyufisg ghJfhggJ njhlughd rutNjr kdwkgt 2005

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kdpj chpikfs njhlugpyhd mnkhpffhtpwfpilapyhd MizfFOgt 2011

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O ePqfs Fwpggpll tplaqfis Nglb mspggtu edF GhpeJnfhzlhu vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk mtufs nradKiwapd nghOJ vjidg GhpeJnfhzlhufs vdw Nfstpia kPzLk mtufsplk NflL tpsffjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJ nrawghllhsufs Nkwnfhssf $banjhU rpwej eilKiwahFk

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O MtzggLjjy nradKiwapy gqFgwWtJ njhlugpy mtufsJ njspthd rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhssTk twWs gpdtUk xtnthU tplak njhlugpYk rkkjjjpidg ngwWfnfhstJk csslqFk

a Nglbaspggjwfhd rkkjkb FwpgngLjjy kwWk Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ Nug wpNfhlu Nghdw gjpfUtpfsgt tPbNah fkuhffs Nghdwtwiwg gadgLjjy xypgt xspg gjpTf fUtpfs gadgLjjggLfpdwd vdgij ghjpffgglltu myyJ Nglb mspggtu mwpeJsshu vdgij mtrpakhapd cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk

c Gifgglqfis vLjjygt clypay hPjpahd Nrhjidfs kwWk MtzggLjjy glqfs myyJ ghjpffgglltu toqff$ba Vida tbtpyhd rhdWfs

xxxgpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

d tpsffkspffgglljd gpufhuNk rfytpjkhd jftyfSk gadgLjjggLtjwfhd thagGfs cssd (cjhuzkhfgt juT NrfhpgGgt jfty ghpkhwwk Nghdwd)

e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs

Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ

O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk

O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)

tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk

ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk

O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk

O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw

O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk

bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs

jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs

bull nghJthd mkrqfs

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs

murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs

Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs

bull njhluGss mkrqfs

tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs

njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs

Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs

xxxigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs

O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk

O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd

O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)

O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk

ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk

O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)

O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk

O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ

njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk

bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy

bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs

bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd

Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk

bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy

bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)

bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)

bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs

KbTffllk

O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)

O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk

O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)

O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs

xxxiigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk

O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs

O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk

O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk

O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)

O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

xxxiiigpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ

rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll

juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk

1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)

2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)

3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy

4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp

5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk

6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau

7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau

8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)

9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop

10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp

11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk

12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)

13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ

xxxivgpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)

15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk

16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk

19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs

20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk

21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs

22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs

23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)

xxxvgpdizgG 9

fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

g pd izg G 9

rhdW NrfhpgG fhty

njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp

njhlurrp

tofF y

NkwNfhs y

Nrfhpffggll jpfjp

Nrfhpffggll Neuk

rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk

tpsffk

fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk

Nrfhpjjth

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

gpddpizgG 9 fhty

njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

xxxvigpdizgG 9

fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

g pd izg G 9

rhdW NrfhpgG fhty

njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp

njhlurrp

tofF y

NkwNfhs y

Nrfhpffggll jpfjp

Nrfhpffggll Neuk

rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk

tpsffk

fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk

Nrfhpjjth

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

xxxviiGjjfgglbay

Gj jfg glbay

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Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

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Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

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McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

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Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

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ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

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ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

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rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

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KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

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World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

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ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

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TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

Page 40: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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bull njhluGss mkrqfs

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O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk

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O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ

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bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy

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bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd

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bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)

bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs

KbTffllk

O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)

O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk

O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)

O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

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xxxiigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

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O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs

O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk

O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk

O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)

O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

xxxiiigpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ

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Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk

1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)

2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)

3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy

4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp

5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk

6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau

7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau

8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)

9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop

10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp

11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk

12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)

13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ

xxxivgpdizgG 8

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g pd izg G 8

14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)

15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk

16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk

19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs

20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk

21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs

22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs

23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)

xxxvgpdizgG 9

fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

g pd izg G 9

rhdW NrfhpgG fhty

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rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk

tpsffk

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Nrfhpjjth

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

gpddpizgG 9 fhty

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xxxvigpdizgG 9

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g pd izg G 9

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tofF y

NkwNfhs y

Nrfhpffggll jpfjp

Nrfhpffggll Neuk

rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk

tpsffk

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Nrfhpjjth

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

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Gj jfg glbay

njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay

mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

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Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

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`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

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rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

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Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

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Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

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KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

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UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

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UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

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e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs

Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ

O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk

O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)

tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk

ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk

O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk

O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw

O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk

bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs

jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs

bull nghJthd mkrqfs

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs

murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs

Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs

bull njhluGss mkrqfs

tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs

njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs

Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs

xxxigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs

O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk

O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd

O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)

O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk

ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk

O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)

O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk

O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ

njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk

bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy

bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs

bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd

Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk

bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy

bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)

bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)

bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs

KbTffllk

O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)

O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk

O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)

O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs

xxxiigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk

O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs

O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk

O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk

O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)

O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

xxxiiigpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ

rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll

juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk

1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)

2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)

3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy

4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp

5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk

6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau

7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau

8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)

9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop

10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp

11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk

12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)

13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ

xxxivgpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)

15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk

16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk

19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs

20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk

21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs

22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs

23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)

xxxvgpdizgG 9

fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

g pd izg G 9

rhdW NrfhpgG fhty

njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp

njhlurrp

tofF y

NkwNfhs y

Nrfhpffggll jpfjp

Nrfhpffggll Neuk

rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk

tpsffk

fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk

Nrfhpjjth

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

gpddpizgG 9 fhty

njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

xxxvigpdizgG 9

fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

g pd izg G 9

rhdW NrfhpgG fhty

njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp

njhlurrp

tofF y

NkwNfhs y

Nrfhpffggll jpfjp

Nrfhpffggll Neuk

rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk

tpsffk

fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk

Nrfhpjjth

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

xxxviiGjjfgglbay

Gj jfg glbay

njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay

mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

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Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

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Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

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Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

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rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

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McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

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OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

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UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

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rutNjr ghJfhgG 2009

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e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs

Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ

O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk

O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)

tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk

ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk

O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk

O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw

O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk

bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs

jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs

bull nghJthd mkrqfs

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs

murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs

Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs

bull njhluGss mkrqfs

tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs

njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs

Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs

xxxigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs

O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk

O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd

O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)

O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk

ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk

O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)

O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk

O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ

njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk

bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy

bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs

bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd

Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk

bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy

bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)

bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)

bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs

KbTffllk

O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)

O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk

O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)

O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs

xxxiigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk

O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs

O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk

O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk

O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)

O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

xxxiiigpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ

rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll

juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk

1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)

2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)

3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy

4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp

5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk

6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau

7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau

8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)

9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop

10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp

11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk

12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)

13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ

xxxivgpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)

15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk

16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk

19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs

20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk

21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs

22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs

23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)

xxxvgpdizgG 9

fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

g pd izg G 9

rhdW NrfhpgG fhty

njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp

njhlurrp

tofF y

NkwNfhs y

Nrfhpffggll jpfjp

Nrfhpffggll Neuk

rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk

tpsffk

fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk

Nrfhpjjth

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

gpddpizgG 9 fhty

njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

xxxvigpdizgG 9

fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

g pd izg G 9

rhdW NrfhpgG fhty

njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp

njhlurrp

tofF y

NkwNfhs y

Nrfhpffggll jpfjp

Nrfhpffggll Neuk

rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk

tpsffk

fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk

Nrfhpjjth

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

xxxviiGjjfgglbay

Gj jfg glbay

njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay

mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

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Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo

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KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

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bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)

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O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

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xxxiigpdizgG 7

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g pd izg G 7

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O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs

O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk

O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk

O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)

O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

xxxiiigpdizgG 8

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g pd izg G 8

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1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)

2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)

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5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk

6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau

7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau

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9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop

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11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk

12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)

13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ

xxxivgpdizgG 8

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g pd izg G 8

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15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk

16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk

19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs

20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk

21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs

22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs

23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)

xxxvgpdizgG 9

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(ifnahggk)

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

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(ifnahggk)

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(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

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fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

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(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

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(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

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fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

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(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

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Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo

TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO

World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

Page 44: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

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Page 45: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs

Mtzk njhlughd rkkjk ngwgglLssJ

O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk

O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)

tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk

ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk

O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk

O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw

O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk

bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs

jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs

bull nghJthd mkrqfs

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs

murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs

Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs

bull njhluGss mkrqfs

tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs

njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs

Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs

xxxigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs

O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk

O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd

O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)

O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk

ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk

O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)

O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk

O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ

njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk

bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy

bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs

bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd

Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk

bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy

bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)

bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)

bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs

KbTffllk

O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)

O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk

O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)

O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs

xxxiigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk

O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs

O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk

O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk

O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)

O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

xxxiiigpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ

rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll

juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk

1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)

2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)

3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy

4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp

5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk

6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau

7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau

8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)

9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop

10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp

11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk

12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)

13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ

xxxivgpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)

15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk

16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk

19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs

20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk

21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs

22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs

23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)

xxxvgpdizgG 9

fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

g pd izg G 9

rhdW NrfhpgG fhty

njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp

njhlurrp

tofF y

NkwNfhs y

Nrfhpffggll jpfjp

Nrfhpffggll Neuk

rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk

tpsffk

fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk

Nrfhpjjth

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

gpddpizgG 9 fhty

njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

xxxvigpdizgG 9

fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

g pd izg G 9

rhdW NrfhpgG fhty

njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp

njhlurrp

tofF y

NkwNfhs y

Nrfhpffggll jpfjp

Nrfhpffggll Neuk

rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk

tpsffk

fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk

Nrfhpjjth

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

xxxviiGjjfgglbay

Gj jfg glbay

njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay

mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

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ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo

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KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

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UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

Page 46: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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bull njhluGss mkrqfs

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g pd izg G 7

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cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

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O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd

O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)

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O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)

O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk

O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk

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O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk

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bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd

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bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)

bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)

bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs

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O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk

O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)

O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs

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g pd izg G 7

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O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs

O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk

O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk

O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)

O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

xxxiiigpdizgG 8

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g pd izg G 8

gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ

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1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)

2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)

3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy

4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp

5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk

6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau

7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau

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9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop

10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp

11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk

12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)

13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ

xxxivgpdizgG 8

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g pd izg G 8

14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)

15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk

16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk

19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs

20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk

21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs

22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs

23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)

xxxvgpdizgG 9

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g pd izg G 9

rhdW NrfhpgG fhty

njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp

njhlurrp

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Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo

TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO

World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

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bull njhluGss mkrqfs

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O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk

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bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd

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bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)

bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs

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O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk

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O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs

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O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs

O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk

O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk

O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)

O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

xxxiiigpdizgG 8

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g pd izg G 8

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Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk

1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)

2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)

3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy

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5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk

6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau

7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau

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9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop

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11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk

12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)

13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ

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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo

TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO

World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd

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vdw tifapy ghypay tdKiw gwwpa MtzggLjjy

njhlughd rpwej newpKiw

uzlhk gjpgG 2017 khur

Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

Page 48: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs

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bull nghJthd mkrqfs

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bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

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O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)

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O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk

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O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ

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O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk

bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy

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bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd

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bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy

bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)

bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)

bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs

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O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)

O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk

O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)

O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs

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O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs

O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk

O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk

O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)

O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

xxxiiigpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

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g pd izg G 8

gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ

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Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk

1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)

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5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk

6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau

7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau

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9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop

10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp

11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk

12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)

13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ

xxxivgpdizgG 8

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g pd izg G 8

14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)

15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk

16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

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18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk

19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs

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22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs

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24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo

TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO

World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd

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vdw tifapy ghypay tdKiw gwwpa MtzggLjjy

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

Page 49: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw

O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk

bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs

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bull nghJthd mkrqfs

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bull njhluGss mkrqfs

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bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs

O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk

O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd

O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)

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O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk

O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ

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O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk

bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy

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bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd

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bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy

bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)

bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)

bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs

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O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)

O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk

O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)

O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs

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O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs

O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk

O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk

O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)

O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

xxxiiigpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ

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Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk

1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)

2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)

3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy

4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp

5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk

6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau

7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau

8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)

9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop

10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp

11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk

12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)

13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ

xxxivgpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)

15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk

16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk

19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs

20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk

21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs

22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs

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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo

TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO

World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

Page 50: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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e milahskgt njhluGnfhssygt Nkyjpf jftyfs Mfpatwiw dwhk juggpwF toqFtjwfhd Nehffkgt Fwpgghf Njrpa kwWk rutNjr tprhuizahsufs myyJ mikgGfs myyJ ePjpkdwqfs myyJ nghyp] epiyaqfs MfpatwWfF twiw toqFtjhapd mJ njhlughd rkkjqfs

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O rpWtufisg Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ mwpTWjjyfis njspthf vLjJf $wTk (czikfisf $Wjygt xU NfstpfF tpil njhpahj nghOJ myyJ mtufs czikapy GhpeJnfhsshj rejuggqfspy vdd nraayhk vdgJ Nghdwd) ghuff ndash mjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw njhlughd topfhlly kwWk ltLgly kwWk rpWtufSfF tpsffkspjjy njhlughd Mtzk

O Nglbapd nghOJ rkgejggll rfytpjkhd jdpggll juTfisAk gjpTnraaTk (ngaugt gpwej jpfjpgt ghygt dkNjrpak rkakgt nghUjjkhapd twiw NkwnfhssTkgt njhluG nfhss Ntzba tpguqfs Nghdwd ghuff - gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ jdpggll jftyfisr NrfhpggJ njhlughd gbtk) njhiyj njhlughly trjpfs yyhj gpuNjrqfspy myyJ mtwwpy ekgpapUff KbahjtpljJgt kuG rhuej Kiwfs Kiwahf nrawglhj lqfspy khWgll ngaufspy mioffggLfpdw nghOJ myyJ mtthW yyhjtpljJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp njhlughd njhluG nfhssf $ba jftyfis gjpTnratjwF khwwPlL topKiwfisg gadgLjjTk twWs mtufsJ dkgt rhjpgt rfkgt mikggpd ngau myyJ FOtpd ngau myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpAld njhluG nfhssf $ba neUffkhd lk Mfpatwiwg gjpTnraaTk jjifa jftyfs kpfTk $UzuTkpffit vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk vdNtgt mtwiwf ftdkhfg ghJfhggjwF chpa eltbfiffs NkwnfhssggLtJ mtrpak vdNt mtwiwg ghJfhggjwF chpa fhjjpukhd eltbfiffis NkwnfhstJ mtrpakhFk twiwf fsQrpag gLjJfpdw rejuggqfspYk Vida rejuggqfspYk it njhlughd ufrpajjdik NgzggLfpdwJ vdgij cWjpnraJnfhssTk (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 8 ghJfhgG kwWk ftdkhff ifahSjygt mjjpahak 13 jftyfis fsQrpaggLjjy)

tpguk kwWk njspTgLjjy fllk

ePqfs vdd nraa NtzLk

O tpsffkhd Nfstpfisf Nflgjd yk vttpj jqFjilAk dwp KOikahd tpguqfisg ngwWfnfhssTk (it TED Nfstpfs vd mioffggLfpdw ndash vddplk FwpggplTkgt vdfF tpsffkspffTkgt tpgukhfj njhptpffTk Nghdwd) jd yk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp jdidg gwwpa tpguqfisf FwpggpLtjwfhd thagGfs czL $UzuT kpff tplaqfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahLtjwF Kddu guejstpyhd nghJthd $Uzutww tplaqfs gwwpf fyeJiuahlTk

O fhytud Kiwggb tpguqfisj njspTgLjjTk mtwiw chpa jiygGffspd fPo tifggLjjTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp Fwpggpll tplaqfis kPzLk mtufsplNk cWjpggLjjpfnfhssTk rhujJiuffggll FwwrrhlLfs njhlughd rfytpjkhd Nkyjpf jftyfisAk ngwWfnfhssTk Fwwk vtthW lkngwwJgt vqNfgt ahuhygt vgnghOJ Nghdw tplaqfis cWjpggLjjpf nfhssTk cqfSfF J vggbj njhpAkgt jd yk vttpjkhd KbTfF tUfpdwPufs Nghdw Nfstpfisf NflfTk rpWtufisf Nglb fhZk nghOJ gpuNahfpfFk nkhop njhlugpy ftdk nrYjjTk fLikahd vzzffUffisf nfhzLss tplaqfis mtufsplk gpuNahfpff Ntzlhk ghuffndashmjjpahak 16 rpWtufSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiw

O cqfSfF toqfggll Mizgt epahahjpffk Mfpatwwpd mbggilapy ePqfs Nflfpdw Nfstpfis cUthffpf nfhssTk rutNjr rllqfspd fPo ghypay tdKiw xU FwwkhFk vdNtgt gpdtUtdtwiwAk csslffTk

bull jplltllkhd mkrqfs

jhfFjyFwwk njhlughd tpguqfslkjpfjpgytej oy njhlughd tpsffkrKfkspjjpUej Vida egufs

bull nghJthd mkrqfs

nghJkffSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll jhfFjy myyJ Nkhjy njhlughd tpguqfs

murpay kwWk ghJfhgG epiyikfsgt mtwwpd msTgt xjj rkgtqfs myyJ jhfFjyfs

Fwwkpiojjtufs gpuNahfpjj thujijfsgt mtufsJ nrayfsgt rhjjpagghLssnjdpygt tdKiwffhd fhuzqfs

bull njhluGss mkrqfs

tpUggk myyJ mwpejpUjjy njhlughd tpguqfs

njhlu fllisfs mjpfhuf fllikgGgt njhlughlyfsgt cgfuzqfs

Fwwkpiojjtufs njhlughd tpguqfs kwWk mtufsJ tfpghfqfs nghWgGfs

xxxigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

bull jhffkclypay hPjpahd ghjpgGfs (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

cs hPjpahd jhffk (cldbahf kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy)

rf kwWk nghUshjhu hPjpahd jhffqfs

O VidatufSfF ioffggll VjhtJ Fwwqfis ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfs Nehpy fzLssduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk

O Nglb fhzfpdw ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfF vjpuhf Fwwkpioffggll nghOJ mtwiw NtW ahuhtJ egufs Neupy fzlduh vdgd Nghdw NfstpfisAk NflfTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfsplk NtW VjhtJ rhdWfs cssdth vdgijf NflfTk Fwpgghf mtufs Gifgglk vLjjduhgt tPbNah gpujpfs fhzggLfpdwdthgt myyJ rkgtk njhlugpy ahUffhtJ jftyfis mwptpjjduh Nghdwd

O nghUjjkhapdgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfSfF tiuglqfsgt jpllqfs Nghdwtwiw tiutjwF mDkjpffTk (cjhuzkhf rkgtk eilngww lk njhlughdit)

O ghjpffgglLsstu myyJ rhlrp NtW VjhtJ jftyfisj njhptpff tpUkGfpdwduh vdw NfstpiaAk NflfTk mjNjhLgt Nglbia epiwTnratjwF Kddu mtufs NtW VjhtJ Nfstpfisf Nflf tpUkGfpdwduh vdgijAk NflfTk

ePqfs vtthW eleJnfhss NtzLk

O cqfsJ eljij myyJ mZFKiw gwwp edF mwpejpUffTk (gzpthfTk khpahijahfTk nghWikahfTk ftdkhfTk Ujjy Neuhf ghuggJld ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfis Neubahf ghujJf fijffTk cqfsJ kwWk cqfs ciungaugghsu MfpNahuJ njhdp kwWk fijfFk tpjk Mfpatwwpy ftdjijr nrYjjTk) rhlrp myyJ ghjpffgglltu mkuejpUffpdw fz klljjpwF Neuhf mkuejpUffTk (myyJ fPo)

O O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs cldgLtjwF myyJ cldglhjpUggjwF myyJ NfstpfSfF gjpyspggjwF myyJ gjpyspffhJ tpLtjwF myyJ Nfstpfis Nflgjwfhd thagGffis njhlurrpahf mtufSfF toqfTk jftyfis kPzLk FwpggplTk ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp mwptpffggll jPukhdjij NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf NghjpasT fhy mtfhrjij toqfTk

O O mtufs kPJ kjpgG kwWk grrhjhgjijf fhllTk ghpjhgk mtrpakpyiy VjhtJ thfFWjpfis toqFtijj jtpujJfnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf ufrpajjdikiag NgZtJ njhlughdit) nradKiw KOtJk nefporrpj jdikAld eleJnfhssTk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfspd czuTfsgt mtufspd rpejidfsgt tplaqfs kwWk mtufsJ

njhpTfs myyJ kdtLffs myyJ vtthW ghjpffgglbUffpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhlugpy vttpjkhd CfqfisAk Nkwnfhss Ntzlhk

O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs jdfF Vwgll rkgtqfis vLjJiuffpdw nghOJ mtufsJ tpUggjjpwF Vww tpjjjpy jdpjJtkhf eleJnfhssf $ba tpjjjpy ePqfs mikjpahf UffTk mtufs gpdtUk tplaqfis ntspggLjjyhk

bull kdtOjjkcisrrythg]ngwy

bull Nfhgk jkikg ghJfhjJfnfhssyepuhfhpjjy czuTfs

bull mikjpahfNrhfkhfnjspthf Ujjy Nghdwd

Fwpggpll tpjjjpy jhd ldquoeleJnfhss NtzLnkdwrdquo jplltllkhd mtrpak yiy O ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp gpdtUtdtwiw ntspggLjJthu vdw Cfqfis Nkwnfhss Ntzba mtrpak yiy vdgijf fUjjpwnfhssTk

bull fijggjwF ntlfggLjy myyJ mrrggLjy

bull kdk cilaf$batufshf kdtL kpfftufshfmtkhdggllthfshfkdpjufs kPJ mjpUgjp cilatufshf Uff NtzLnkdgjpyiy (myyJ FwwkpiojjtUila mNj ghiyr Nruejtufs)

bull ghypay tdKiw njhlugpy kpfTk ftiyAsstufshf Ujjy (qF Fwpggplggll Vida nrayfs myyJ mDgtqfSfF KuzhfTk Uffyhk)

bull clypay hPjpahfg ghjpffgglltufs

KbTffllk

O VjhtJ Nfstpfsgt mffiwfs njhlugpy fyeJiuahlbr nrawglTk (cjhuzkhf ghJfhgGgt eilKiw rhuej gpurrpidfs)

O MwWggLjjy Nritfs fhzggLfpdwd vdgij Nglb fhzgthplk fyeJiuahLtJ mtrpakhFk

O jwNghija kwWk ePzlfhy mbggilapy njhluGnfhssf $ba tpguqfisg ngwwf nfhssTk kPzLk vtthW njhluGnfhss KbAkgt vtthW njhluGnfhstjwF mtufs tpUkGfpdwdu Nghdw tplaqfs njhluGnfhstjwfhd khwwPlL Kiwfs Uggpd mjidAk mwpeJnfhssTk (cjhuzkhf FLkg cWggpdufsgt ezgufsgt gpuNjr Myak ykhf myyJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfSfF cjtf$ba epiyapYss Vida FOffs)

O mtrpak Vwgbdgt Nglb fhzgtiu vjpufhyjjpy rejpggjwfhd zffk

O Nglb $wWffsgt Nglb njhlughd FwpgGfs

xxxiigpdizgG 7

Nglbfhzy Nrhjidg glbay

g pd izg G 7

Mfpatwiw Nglb fzltUfF kPzLk thrpjJf fhllTk rhjjpagghLss rejuggqfspy cqfSfF cjjpNahfG+ut Miz UfFk glrjjpy mtufsJ ifnahggjjpid myyJ cWjpgghlbidg ngwWfnfhssTk

O Nglbia epiwTnrafpdw nghOJ nghJthd rhjfkhd tplaqfisf fyeJiuahb epiwTnraaTk Nglb mspjjtUila czuT epiyia kjpggPL nraaTk mtufs vqNf nryfpdwhufsgt vjjifa cjtpfis cqfshy toqf KbAk vdgijAk NfllwpaTk (cjhuzkhf ezgufsplkh myyJ FLkg cWggpdufsplkh vdgJ) mjhtJ Nglb epiwTngwwTld vqF nryfpdwhufs vdw tpguqfs

O mLjj gbKiwfs gwwp tpsffkspffTk NglbfFg gpdduhd eltbfiffsgt gpdDllyfs gwwp MNyhrpjJf fyeJiuahlTk nghJthf Nglb fzljd gpddugt rpy ehlfspd gpddu xOqfhd ilntspfspy rejpggJ nghUjjkhFk

O mtufs toqfpa jftyfis gadgLjJtjwF mwptpffggll rkkjjjpid ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrp toqFfpdwhufsh vdgij kPzLk NflfTk mtufs tpUggkhapdgt rpytwiw khwwpf nfhssyhk myyJ toqfpa rkkjjjpid thg] ngw KbAk vdgijAk njhptpffTk

O cqfsplk fyeJiuahbaikffhf ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfF edwp njhptpggJldgt fyhrhu hPjpahf nghUjjkhd tpilngwy KiwfisAk gadgLjjTk (cjhuzkhf if FYfFjy Nghdwd)

O xtnthU Nglb epiwTngwwjd gpddUk Nglb njhlughd KOikahd kjpggPL xdwpid NkwnfhssTk mjd jhffk kwWk MtzggLjjypd KffpajJtk Mfpatwiw kjpggPL nraaTk (cjhuzkhf ePqfs jwrkak ngwWfnfhzl jftyfspy vjjifa mkrqfs jpUgjp VwgLjJfpdwdgt vjjifa FiwghLfs fhzggLfpdwdgt mit njhlugpy vttpjkhd mtjhdjijr nrYjj KbAk Nghdwd) kpfTk fLikahd oepiyfspYk $l kjpggPLfis Nkwnfhsfpdw gzpfis jhkjpff Ntzlhk myyJ cqfSila rfy gzpfSk KbAk tiu mtwiw mtthNw tplLitff Ntzlhk it jfty Nrfhpjjy nrawghLfspy Njitaww mdhtrpakhd FiwghLfis VwgLjJtjwfhd thagGffs czL (ghuff ndash mjjpahak 11 Nglb fhzykjpggPL)

xxxiiigpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

gpddpizgG 8 ghjpffgglltufs myyJ

rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfupffggLk jdpggll

juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

Nglb fhzfpdw nghOJ ghjpffgglltu rhlrpfsplkpUeJ nrawgLjJdufs Nrfhpff Ntzba mbggilj jftyfs njhlughd glbay JthFk

1FwpaPL (ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs toqFfpdw czikahd $wWfFg nghUejf $ba tpjjjpy mtufsJ jdpggll juTfSld xjJgNghFk tpjjjpy ghJfhgG Nehffqfisf fUjjpwnfhzL nrawgLjJdufspdhy gadgLjjggLfpdw FwpaPlL Kiw JthFk)

2ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapd ngau (Kjy kwWk Wjpg ngaufsgt ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpfs VwfdNt NtW ngaufspdhy mioffggllduh)

3ghjpffggllturhlrpapd ghy

4ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej jpfjp

5ghjpffggllturhlrpapd gpwej lk

6ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jeijapd ngau

7ghjpffggllturhlrpapd jhapd ngau

8ghjpffggllturhlrpapdhy ciuahlf $ba nkhopfs (ghjpffggllturhlrp tpUkGfpdw nkhopfs csslqfyhf)

9Nglbfhzfpdw nkhop

10ghjpffggllturhlrpapdJ jwNghija tjptpl Kfthp

11ghjpffggllturhlrpapd epueju tjptplk

12ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhiyNgrp yffk kpddQry(fs)

13ghjpffggllturhlrpapd njhopyNtiy ndash jwNghija myyJ KdduhdJ

xxxivgpdizgG 8

ghjpffgglltufs myyJ rhlrpfsplkpUeJ NrfhpffggLk

jdpggll juTfs njhlughd Kd tbtikgGfs

g pd izg G 8

14FLkg mej]jJ (ngaufsgt taJgt lkgt mwpejpUggpd FLkg cWggpdu ahiuahtJ gwwpf FwpggplTk)

15ghjpffggllturhlrpapd Njrpa dk

16ghjpffggllturhlrpapd rkak (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

17ghjpffggllturhlrpapd dkgt rhjp Nghdwd (oikTfFg nghUjjkhapd klLk ngwWfnfhssTk)

18Nglb fhzggll jpfjpgt lkgt Neuk

19Nglbapd nghOJ rKfkspjjpUej egufs kwWk epiyfsgt tfpghfqfs

20Nglbapd nghOJ ghjpffgglltu myyJ rhlrpapdhy toqfggll Nkyjpf rhdWfs (cjhuzkhf Gifgglqfsgt tiuglqfsgt tPbNahffsgt kUjJt mwpfiffsgt Vida Mtzqfs) kwWk mtwWfF FwpaPlL Kiwiag gadgLjjTk

21kPzLk jkikr rejpggjwF ghjpffggllturhlrpfs zqfpdhufsh vdw jftyfs

22ghjpffggllturhlrpfF csgt rftpay rhuej cjtpfs mtrpakh vdw jftyfs

23ghjpffggllturhlrpfs jhk toqFfpdwd rhdWfis Njrpa ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstJ njhlugpy njhptpjj jftyfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

24ghjpffggllturhlrpfsgt jhk toqfpa jftyfis rutNjr ePjpjJiw mjpfhu mikgGfSld gfpueJnfhstjwF jkJ tpUggjijj njhptpjjduh Nghdw tpguqfs (vitnadf FwpggplTk)

25thrpjjjd gpddu ghjpffggllturhlrpaplkpUeJ ngwggll ifnahggk (mtufsJ ifnahggjijg ngwWfnfhstjwF nrawgLjJdu jPukhdpfFk glrjjpy khjjpuk)

xxxvgpdizgG 9

fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

g pd izg G 9

rhdW NrfhpgG fhty

njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp

njhlurrp

tofF y

NkwNfhs y

Nrfhpffggll jpfjp

Nrfhpffggll Neuk

rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk

tpsffk

fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk

Nrfhpjjth

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

gpddpizgG 9 fhty

njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

xxxvigpdizgG 9

fhty njhlughd fhgGr rqfpyp

g pd izg G 9

rhdW NrfhpgG fhty

njhlh fhgGr rqfpyp

njhlurrp

tofF y

NkwNfhs y

Nrfhpffggll jpfjp

Nrfhpffggll Neuk

rhhjJiuffggll Fwwk

tpsffk

fzlwpaggllifggwwggllcwgjjp nraaggll lk

Nrfhpjjth

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

UeJ khwwggllJ

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll lk

(KOg ngah - njspthd vOjjpy)

(gjtpgt Nritgt milahs yffk)

(ifnahggk)

khwwggll jpfjp Neuk

khwwpaikffhd Nehffk (cjhuzkhf jLgGffhtygt gFgghaTgt myyJ ePjpkdwk)

fsQrpaggLjjpa Kiw

xxxviiGjjfgglbay

Gj jfg glbay

njhpTnraaggll Gjjfgglbay

mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

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Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

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ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

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KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

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UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

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Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

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Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

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kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

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Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

Page 52: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

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Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

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Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

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rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

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nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo

TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

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Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO

World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

Page 53: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

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Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

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Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo

TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO

World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

Page 54: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo

TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO

World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

Page 55: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo

TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO

World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

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gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

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Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo

TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO

World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd

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rutNjr rllk njhlugpyhdnjhU Fwwk myyJ kPWif

vdw tifapy ghypay tdKiw gwwpa MtzggLjjy

njhlughd rpwej newpKiw

uzlhk gjpgG 2017 khur

Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

Page 57: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

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mglygt rP (2010) rutNjr FwwqfSffhd rpWtufs kwWk nghWgGf $wyfs rpWtufs kwWk epiykhwWffhy ePjp njhlugpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspd gqFgwWjyfs czikiaf fzlwpjygt nghWgGf $wy kwWk eyypzffkgt Adpnrggt dndhrdl Muharrp epiyak

Aranburu XA (2010) ldquoreNjfjjpwF mgghwgll Kiwapy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr tofFfSffhf rhdwpd jdik kwWk gFgghaTfs Mfpatwiwg gadgLjJjyrdquo rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd nyald N[udy 23 4 609ndash627

gpujhd nghyp] mjpfhhpfs rqfk (2012) b[ply rhdWfs njhlughd rpwgghd eilKiw topfhlbgt yzld ACPO

Bastick M Grimm K and Kunz R (2007) MAj Nkhjyfspy ghypay tdKiw ghJfhgGj Jiw njhlughd G+Nfhs Nkwghuit kwWk jhffqfs n[dPthgt MAjg gilfspd rdehaf flLgghLfs njhlughd epiyak

Berthold M and Gray G (2011) lsquokdtL mOjjjjpwFg gpdduhd jhffqfs kwWk tprhuiz kdwqfspy uzlhk epiy kdtLjjhffqfs ECCC cjhuzkrsquo B Van Schaack D Reicherter and Y Chhang (eds) fkNghbah xopej jOkGfs kdtL cstpay Wake of the Khmer Rouge Phnom Penh MtzggLjjy epiyakgt fkNghbah

Brammertz Baron Serge Jarvis M eds (2016) NkhjYld njhluGila ghypay tdKiwfs tofFj njhLjjy ICTY xf]Nghl xf]Nghl gyfiyffof gpu]

De Brouwer A (2017) lsquoT Gill D Fleck kwWk B Boothby (eds) y ghypay RuzlyfSfF vjpuhd Nghuhllqfs kwWk rkhjhd nrawghLfspd JgpuNahfk rkhjhdr nrawghLfSfF VwGila rutNjr rllk njhlughd ifNaL The Hague (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A and Ruiz L (2017) lsquoMz ghypay tdKiw kwWk KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiw Fwwkpiojj ngzfs - S Mouthaan and O Jurasz (eds) epiykhwWffhy ePjpapy ghypay tdKiw Antwerp Intersentia (tuTssJ)

De Brouwer A et al eds (2013) ghypay tdKiw xU rutNjr Fwwk xOffhwW eltbfiffs kwWk mZFKiwfs Antwerp Intersentia

Buisman C (2013) lsquotprhuizfis gutyhfFjy Yghdh jPuggpypUeJ fwWfnfhss Ntzba ghlqfsrsquo rutNjr kdpj chpikfs njhlughd Nehujnt]ld ifNaL 11 3 3

Cohen DK and Nordas R (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiw SVAC juTikajij mwpKfk nrajy 1989- 2009rsquo rkhjhd Muharrpffhd ifNaL 51 3 418ndash428

nghJeythar nrayfk (2011) Fwwtpay ePjp Kiwapy ghjpffgglltufisAk rhlrpfisAk ghJfhggjwfhd rpwej eilKiw njhlughd topfhlb

Dolan C (2015) lsquoghyepiyg gpizggpid KdndLff mDkjpjjy ghyepiyia mbggilahff nfhzl tdKiwfspd nghOJ kdpjhgpkhd hPjpahd ilaPLfis NkwnfhstJ njhlughd Gjpa topKiwfsrdquogt rutNjr nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd kPshaT 96 894 1ndash17

Du Mont J and White D (2007) lsquoghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy nkbfNfh rllr rhdWfspd jhffKk gadghLk G+Nfhs kPshaTrsquo ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (n[dPth)

Ellison L (2005) lsquoekgfjjdik ilntspia eptujjpnrajy ghypay jhfFjy tofFfspy epGzjJtk rhuej rhlrpfis tofFj njhLjjYffhffg gadgLjjyrsquogt rhdWfs kwWk epampgpjjy njhlughd rutNjr ifNaL 9 4 239-268

mtrufhy epiyikfSffhf b[ply rhdWfis cWjpggLjJk Kfkhf jplltllkhd ifNaL kwWk tprhuizfs njhlughd cWjpggLjjy ifNaL mwpfifaply httpverificationhandbookcom y ngwWfnfhss KbAk

Gaggioli G (2014) lsquoMAj KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs rutNjr kdpjhgpkhdr rllqfis kPWjy kwWk kdpj chpikfs rllk nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 96 894 511ndash313

Gormley L (2016) ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiwapdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs ePjpiag ngwWfnfhssygt nrawgLjJdu topfhlbgt [_lufsJ rutNjr MizfFgt nrawgLjJdufSffhd topfhlb Ndeg12

Gupta N (2014) lsquotofFj njhLjjypy khiaj Njhwwjij VwgLjjy rpdluhk rhdWfs njhlugpy epiwNtwwgglhj thfFWjpfsgt rllk kwWk rkfhyg gpurrpidfs 76 3-4 413-431

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Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

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Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo

TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO

World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd

xlGjjfgglbay

rutNjr rllk njhlugpyhdnjhU Fwwk myyJ kPWif

vdw tifapy ghypay tdKiw gwwpa MtzggLjjy

njhlughd rpwej newpKiw

uzlhk gjpgG 2017 khur

Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

Page 58: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

xxxviiiGjjfgglbay

Hagen KT (2010) lsquoAjjk rhuej ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf jdpggll egufSfFk rfjjpwFk Vwglf$ba gpdtpisTfs kwWk cstpay hPjpahd jhffjjpd jdikgt cstpay fwiffSffhd rutNjr rQrpif 2 2

`hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy (2010) lsquognghOJ cyfk ehd yyhkyrsquo nfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff Fbaurpy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd tprhuizfs MA `hthl kdpjhgpkhd KdndLgGfs kwWk xf]ghk dlunedy

Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs (2014) cs Rfhjhuk kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs KuzghLfspd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwfspdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF cjTjy - gapwrpf ifNaL x]Nyh Rfhjhuk kwWk kdpj chpikfs jftyfs

Herlihy J and Turner S (2013) lsquoczuTfs kwWk mfjpfs rllk njhlugpy Jtiu vkfF vdd njhpAkrsquo tl mauyheJ rll fhyhzLr rQrpif 64 1 47ndash62

Hiatt K (2016) lsquotprhuizfspd nghOjhd jpwdj yr rhdWfsrsquogt ahy Nyh rQrpif xdwpak 125 2015-2016 323ndash330

kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk (2010) lsquoehk kdpjufs yiyahrsquo tl cfzlhtpy khwWjjpwdhsp ngzfSfnfjpuhd tdKiwfSk ghuglrqfSkgt epANahf NY kdpj chpikfs fzfhzpggfk

rutNjr Fww tprhuizfs njhlughd epWtfk (2015) KuzghLfspy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfs kwWk MtzggLjjy njhlughd rutNjr xOqF kuG gapwrp Mtzqfsgt N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epwtfk (2016) Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhd ghypay kwWk ghyepiy ika tdKiwfs njhlughd KuzghlLr oypy tprhuizfis NkwnfhstJ gwwpa topfhlbfsgt j N`f rutNjr Fwwtpay tprhuizfSffhd epWtfk

epWtdqfSfF ilapyhd epiyapaw FO (2015) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy ghyepiy mbggilapyhd tdKiw ilaPLfs njhlughd topfhlbfs lufisf Fiwjjygt jhfFg gpbfFk jdikia NkkgLjjy kwWk cjTjygt kPznloy Geneva IASC

nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr FO (2013) ghJfhgghd Ntiyfs njhlughd njhopythzik juhjuqfs Geneva ICRC

rutNjr kPlGf FO kwWk Adpnrg (2012) kdpjhgpkhd oepiyfspy Rfhjhuk kwWk cstpay Nritfis toqFtJ njhlughd topfhlbfs New York IRC UNICEF

Johnson K Asher J Rosborough S et al (2008) lsquonfhqNfh fpofF [dehaff FbauRg gpuNjrqfspy ngsjPf kwWk cs hPjpahf ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd kdpj chpikfs kPwyfs kwWk ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd mikgGrsquo JAMA 300 6 676-690

Maltby J Day L Flowe H et al (2016) lsquonuapl jhfFg gpbfFk jdik njhlughd RwWr oy Kiw khjphp fyhrhuqfSfF ilapyhd rpfprir rhuej nghUjjgghLfsgt MSik kwWk jdpahs NtwWikfs 98 Mf]l 96ndash101

McDonald B Rogers P (2014) lsquoNglbfhzygt Kiwrhuej ekgpfiffsgt jhffk njhlughd kjpggPLgt Adpnrg mYtyfk Muharrp Florence

Medica Mondiale and Medica Zenica (2014) Ajj ghypay tdGzuTpd fhuzkhf Vwglf $ba ePzl ehs gpdtpisTfs njhlughd Muharrp kwWk ngh]dpah kwWk vNrNfhtpdh Mfpatwwpy ghjpffgglltufs njhlughd cghaqfs lsquoehk dWk thofpNwhk vkfF jPqF ioffggllJ UggpDk ehk tPujJlDk cWjpAlDk UffpdNwhkrsquo Cologne kwWk Zenica Medica Mondiale kwWk Medica Zenica

Memon A (2012) lsquoGfoplf Nfhhpfiffs njhlughd ekgfjjdik kdtLit njhlueJ Vwglf$ba ghjpgGfspd nghUjjgghL kwWk Jyypajjdik njhlughd Ra rhpijgt mwptpay ika cstpaiyg gpuNahfpffTk 26 5 677ndash679

Mollica RF McInnes K Tor S (1998) lsquofkNghbahtpy ghhpa tdKiwfspd fhuzkhf ghjpffgglltufSfF Vwgll kdtL njhlughd Neha mwpFwpfs kwWk kdtOjjk njhlughditfs cstpay njhlughd gphpjjhdpar rQrpif 173 6 482ndash489

Nainar V (2012) Mgphpffhtpy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd rll eltbfif NkwnfhsSk cghaqfs yzld ghpfhuk

OrsquoBrien M (2011) lsquoghypay hPjpahd Ruzlyfs kwWk mjwF mgghy Ieh rkhjhdg gil Nkwnfhzl ghyepiy ikaf FwwqfSfF vjpuhf rll eltbfiffis NkwnfhsSk Kfkhf Nuhk rlljij rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwqfspy gpuNahfpjjy rutNjr Fwwtpay rll kPshaT 11 4 803ndash827

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2014) ghypay kwWk ghyepiy mbggil Fwwqfs njhlughd nfhsif Mtzqfs N`fgt IrPrP

rll eltbfif mYtyfkgt rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk (2016) rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsifgt j N`fgt IrPrP

Utzlhtpy rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwk njhlughd rll eltbfif mYtyfk (2014) ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd rll eltbfif AjjjjpwFg gpdduhd oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd tprhuizfis NkwnfhzL rll eltbfiffs vLggJ njhlughd rpwej eilKiwfis csslffpa ifNaL Utzlhtpy css rutNjr Fwwtpay ePjpkdwjjpy Nkwnfhssggll rll eltbfiffis ikakhff nfhzL fwWfnfhzl ghlqfs

KuzghLfs oepiyapy ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Iffpa ehLfs tpNrl gpujpepjpapd nrayhsu ehaf mYtyfjjpdhy jahhpffggll mwpfif (2013) kwWk KuzghlLr oepiyapy MzfSfFk rpWtdfSfFk vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nraykuT mwpfif

xxxixGjjfgglbay

Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo

TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF and UNODC (2005) ghjpffggll rpWtufs kwWk FwwqfSffhd rpWtu rhlrpfs njhluGila ePjp Kiwfs gwwpa topfhlbfs epANahf kwWk tpaddh UNICEF kwWk UNODC

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2004) ghypay tdGzuTpdhy ghjpffgglltufSffhd rpfprir hPjpahd KfhikjJtk njhlughd topfhlbfs mfjpfs kwWk csehlby lkngauej egufs Nghdw oepiyfspy gadgLjjf $ba xOqF kuGfs tpUjjp njhlughd topfhlb n[dPth WHO

cyf Rfhjhu mikgG (2014) neUqfpa eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiw kwWk ghypay tdKiw Mfpatwwpdhy ghjpffggll ngzfs njhlughd Rfhjhu guhkhpgGr Nritfsgt rpfprir rhuej ifNaLgt n[dPth WHO

World Vision (2015) ePjpiag ngwWfnfhstjwF ntlfggl Ntzbajpyiy yzld Ntyl tpd

xlGjjfgglbay

rutNjr rllk njhlugpyhdnjhU Fwwk myyJ kPWif

vdw tifapy ghypay tdKiw gwwpa MtzggLjjy

njhlughd rpwej newpKiw

uzlhk gjpgG 2017 khur

Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

Page 59: mj;jpahak; 17 cs;slf;fk; · mj;;jpahak; 17: Mz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz; gps;isfSf;nfjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiw gFjp VII: ClWf;Fk; tplaq;fs;

xxxixGjjfgglbay

Oosterveld V (2012) lsquorpuuh Nyhdh tpNrl ePjpkdwjjpy eilngww ghyepiy kwWk rhs] nuapyu tofFrsquogt ngzfs kwWk rllk njhlughd Nkhp rQrpif 19 1 6ndash33

ntspehlL mgptpUjjp epWtfjij gpujhdggLjjy (2014) KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd nrawghLfs rpW tpsff Mtzk 2014 Nk 14 y yzldpy eilngww nraykuTffhf jahhpffggllJ yzld ODI

ghpfhuk (2013) tdGzuTpwfhd ghpfhuk ghypay tdGzuTpid xU rpjjputijahfNth myyJ Vida Nkhrkhd eltbfifahfNth rutNjr epahahjpffjjpd fPo gpuNahfpjjy

Save the Children (2014) rpWtufSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll vLjJiuff Kbahj Fwwqfs KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfsgt yzld Save the Children

ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG (2015) ghypay kwWk neUffkhd eghpdhy Nkwnfhssggll tdKiwfs njhlughd Muharrpfis NkwnfhzltufSfF NkwnfhssggLfpdw gyNtW tpjkhd kdtLffisj jLfFk KfkhfTk KfhikjJtk nraAk KfkhfTk cUthffggll topfhlbfs ghpNlhhpah ghypay tdKiw Muharrp KdndLgG

rptFkhudgt v] (2007) MAj Kuzghlbd nghOJ MzfSfF vjpuhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt rutNjr rllqfs njhlughd INuhggpa rQrpif 18 2 253ndash276

rptFkhudgt v] (2010) lsquonkhop ngauggpy offggllitfs Ajj KuzghlLr oepiyapy Mzfs kwWk rpWtdfSfF vjpuhf Nkwnfhssggll ghypay tdKiwfs njhlughd Ieh tpd gjpyspgGfsgt nrQrpYitr rqfjjpd rutNjr kPshaT 92 259 272ndash275

Sparr LF and Bremner JD (2005) lsquojhfFjYfFg gpdduhd kdtL rhuej mOjjqfsgt xOqfPdqfs kwWk Qhgfk rutNjr Ajjf Fww ePjpkdwqfspy toqfggll rhdWfs cstpay kwWk rllk rhuej mnkhpff fytp epiyajjpd rQrpif 33 1 71-78

kUjJtjwjpfhd ]lhdNghl gyfiyffofg ghlrhiy lsquotdGzuTpd tpisthf Vwglf$ba csj jhff Rfhjhukgt ghhpa tdGzuTfsgt Vida tbtpyhd ghypay tdKiwfsgt IrPrP tofFj njhLdu v Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo mtufspdhy jzlid toqFk flljjpy rkuggpffggll RUff Mtzk ldquoICC- 0105-0108-3417-Conf-AnxArdquo

TRIAL International (2016) Fwwtpay eltbfiffspd yk ghjpffgglltufSfF ellltL toqFjy xU fs hPjpahd fzNzhllk ngh]dpah kwWk vrpNfhtpdh TRIAL

KuzghlLr oepiyapy ghypay tdKiwfSfF vjpuhd Iehtpd nrawghLfs (2001) nklhpf] KuzghLfSld njhluGila ghypay tdKiw njhlughd Kdndrrhpfiff Fwpfhlbfs epANahf Ieh nrawghLfs

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2004) tpidjjpwd kpff tprhuizfs kwWk rpjjputijgt Vida nfhLikahd eltbfiffsgt kdpjhgpkhdkww nrayfsgt jufFiwthd eljijfs myyJ jzlid njhlughd ifNaL ]jhdGs xOqFkuGgt n[dPth OHCHR

kdpj chpikfSffhd Ieh cau ]jhdpfu mYtyfk (2015) tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs rutNjr kdpj chpikfs kwWk kdpjhgpkhd rllk njhlughd tprhuiz kwWk czik fzlwpjy MizfFOffs topfhlb kwWk eilKiw Geneva OHCHR

UN Women (2015) Preventing Conflict Transforming Justice Security the Peace A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council 1325 New York UN Women

Ieh ngzfs (2016) KuzghLfs G+ffisf nfhzLtutpyiy KuzghLfisj jLjjygt ePjp toqFjygt rkhjhdjijg ghJfhjjy Iffpa ehLfs ghJfhgGr rigapd nfhNrhthtpy ghypay Kuzghlbd nghOJ ghypay tdKiwapdhy ghjpffgglltufSfF KOikahd oggPLfis toqFtjd mtrpak eptnahuf Ieh ngzfs

UNHCR and Save the Children (2002) ghypay tdKiw kwWk Ruzlyfs - Fapdpahgt iygPhpah kwWk rpuNu ypNahNd Mfpa ehLfspd mfjpf Foeijfspd mDgtqfs epANahf kwWk yzld UNHCR and Save the Children

UNICEF (2014) xopejpUejijf fhzf$bajhftpUejJ rpWtufSfF vjpuhd tdKiwfs njhlughd Gssptpguk rhuej gFgghaTfs epANahf UNICEF

UNICEF (2007) ghp] nfhsiffs MAjg gilfs myyJ MAjf FOffSld njhluGila rpWtufs njhlughd nfhsiffs kwWk topfhlbfs epANahf UNICEF

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom

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Foreign amp Commonwealth OfficeKing Charles Street LondonSW1A 2AHUnited Kingdom


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