mla format in thesis writing

8/20/2019 MLA Format in Thesis Writing

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MLA FORM

IN THESWRITIN


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•

MLA (Modern LanguageAssociation) style is ostcoonly used to !rite

"a"ers and cite sources!it#in t#e li$eral arts and

#uanities


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MLA FORMATTING AND STYLE GUID

•General Forat

MLA Style s"eci&es guidelines

'oratting anuscri"t in usingt#e language in !riting%


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PAPER FORMAT

• T#e "re"aration o' "a"ers andanuscri"ts in MLA style is

coered in c#a"ter 'our o' t#eMLA Hand$oo* and c#a"ter 'oo' t#e MLA Style Manual%


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GENERAL GUIDELINES

• Ty"e your "a"er on a co"uter and "rint it out on standa!#ite ,%- . //0inc# "a"er%

• 1ou$le0s"ace t#e te.t o' your "a"er* and use a legi$le 'o(e%g% Ties Ne! Roan)% W#ateer 'ont you c#oose* MLArecoends t#at t#e regular and italics ty"e styles contenoug# t#at t#ey are recogni2a$le one 'ro anot#er% T#esi2e s#ould $e /3 "t%

• Leae only one s"ace a'ter "eriods or ot#er "unctuationars% Set t#e argins o' your docuent to / inc# on alsides%


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• Indent t#e &rst line o' "aragra"#s one #al'0inc# 'ro t#e argin% MLA recoends t#at you use t#e Ta$ ey aso""osed to "us#ing t#e S"ace 4ar &e ties%

• 5reate a #eader t#at nu$ers all "ages consecutiely in u""er rig#t0#and corner* one0#al' inc# 'ro t#e to" and 6

!it# t#e rig#t argin% 7se italics t#roug#out your essay 'titles o' longer !ors and* only !#en a$solutely necessa"roiding e"#asis%

• I' you #ae any endnotes* include t#e on a se"arate "a$e'ore your Wors 5ited "age% Entitle t#e section Notes%


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FORMATTING THE FIRST PAGOF YOUR PAPER

• 1o not ae a title "age 'or your "a"er unlesss"eci&cally re8uested%

• In t#e u""er le't0#and corner o' t#e &rst "age* lisyour nae* your instructor9s nae* t#e course* at#e date% Again* $e sure to use dou$le0s"aced te

• 1ou$le s"ace again and center t#e title% 1o notunderline* italici2e* or "lace your title in 8uotatioars: !rite t#e title in Title 5ase (standardca"itali2ation)* not in all ca"ital letters%


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• 7se 8uotation ars and;or italics !#en re'erringot#er !ors in your title*


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SECTION HEADINGS

•Writers soeties use Secti

Headings to i"roe adocuentBs reada$ility%


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ESSAYS• MLA recoends t#at !#en you diide an essay into

sections t#at you nu$er t#ose sections !it# an Ara$inu$er and a "eriod 'ollo!ed $y a s"ace and t#e sectnae%

• /% Early Writings

• 3% T#e London Cears

• @% Traeling t#e 5ontinent

• % Final Cears


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BOOKS• I' you are only using one leel o'#eadings* eaning t#at all o' t#e sectare distinct and "arallel and #ae no

additional sections t#at &t !it#in t#eMLA recoends t#at t#ese sectionsrese$le one anot#er graatically%


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SAMPLE SECTION HEADIN

• T#e 'ollo!ing sa"le #eadings are eant to $e used only as a re'erence% Coe"loy !#ateer syste o' 'oratting t#at !ors $est 'or you so long as it consistent t#roug#out t#e docuent%

• Nu$ered=

• /% Soil 5onseration

•

/%/ Erosion• /%3 Terracing

• 3% Water 5onseration

• @% Energy 5onseration

Foratted* unnu$ered=

Level 1 Heading: !ld" #$%& le'(

Level 2 Heading: italics, fush let Level * Heading: +en(e,ed" !ld Level 4 Heading: centered, italicsLeel - Heading= underlined* 6us# le't


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MLA ITE.

CITATIONTHE BASIC


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BASIC IN-TE.T CITATION RUL

• In MLA style* re'erring to t#e !orot#ers in your te.t is done $y usin

!#at is no!n as /a,en(&e(i+al+i(a(i!n%


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GENERAL GUIDELINES

• T#e source in'oration re8uired in a "arent#etical citation de(/%) u"on t#e source ediu (e%g% >rint* We$* 1D1) and (3%) ut#e sourceBs entry on t#e Wors 5ited ($i$liogra"#y) "age%

• Any source in'oration t#at you "roide in0te.t ust corres"

t#e source in'oration on t#e Wors 5ited "age% More s"eci&!#ateer signal !ord or "#rase you "roide to your readers ite.t* ust $e t#e &rst t#ing t#at a""ears on t#e le't0#and at#e corres"onding entry in t#e Wors 5ited List%


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IN-TE.T CITATIONS: AUTHORPAGE STYLE

EAM>LES=

• Words!ort# stated t#at Roantic "oetry !as ared $y a ?s"ontaneous oo' "o!er'ul 'eelings? (3@)%

• Roantic "oetry is c#aracteri2ed $y t#e ?s"ontaneous oer6o! o' "o!er'ul'eelings? (Words!ort# 3@)%

•

Words!ort# e.tensiely e."lored t#e role o' eotion in t#e creatie "rocess

Words!ort#* Willia% Lyrical allads% London= O.'ord 7>* /% >rint%


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IN-TE.T CITATIONS FOR PRINSOURCES 0ITH KNO0N AUTH

EAM>LES=

• Huan $eings #ae $een descri$ed $y ennet# 4ure as ?sy$ol0using ani(@)%

• Huan $eings #ae $een descri$ed as ?sy$ol0using anials? (4ure @)%

4ure* ennet#% Language as Sy!"olic Action: #ssays on Lie, Literature, and 4ereley= 7 o' 5ali'ornia >* /% >rint%


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IN-TE.T CITATIONS FOR PRINTSOURCES BY A CORPORATE AUTHO

• W#en a source #as a cor"orateaut#or* it is acce"ta$le to use t#enae o' t#e cor"oration 'ollo!ed t#e "age nu$er 'or t#e in0te.tcitation%


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IN-TE.T CITATIONS FORPRINT SOURCES 0ITH NO

KNO0N AUTHOREAM>LE=

• We see so any glo$al !aring #ots"ots in NortAerica liely $ecause t#is region #as ?ore rea

accessi$le cliatic data and ore co"re#ensi"rogras to onitor and study enironentalc#ange % % %? (?I"act o' Glo$al Waring? )%


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AUTHOR-PAGE CITATION FOR CLASSAND LITERARY 0ORKS 0ITHMULTIPLE EDITIONS

EAM>LES=

• Mar. and Engels descri$ed #uan #isas ared $y class struggles (: c#%


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CITING AUTHORS 0ITHSAME LAST NAMES

• Alt#oug# soe edical et#icists clai t#at cloni!ill lead to designer c#ildren (R% Miller /3)* ot#er

note t#at t#e adantages 'or edical researc#out!eig# t#is consideration (A% Miller )%


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CITING A 0ORK BY MULTIPLEAUTHORS

• Sit#* Cang* and Moore argue t#at toug#er gun control is not needed in t#eStates ()%

• T#e aut#ors state ?Tig#ter gun control in t#e 7nited States erodes SecondAendent rig#ts? (Sit#* Cang* and Moore )%

•

Jones et al% counter Sit#* Cang* and Moore9s arguent $y noting t#at t#e cs"ie in gun iolence in Aerica co"els la! aers to ad


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CITING MULTIPLE 0ORKS BY THSAME AUTHOR

EAM>LE=

• Lig#tenor #as argued t#at co"uters are not use'ul toolssall c#ildren (?Too Soon? @,)* t#oug# #e #as acno!led

else!#ere t#at early e."osure to co"uter gaes does to $etter sall otor sill deelo"ent in a c#ild9s secont#ird year (?Hand0Eye 1eelo"ent? /)%


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CITING MULTIOLUME 0OR

% % % as Kuintilian !rote in $nstitutio %ratoria

/0/)%


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CITING THE BIBLE

E.a"le=

• E2eiel sa! ?!#at seeed to $e 'our liing

creatures*? eac# !it# 'aces o' a an* a lion* an oand an eagle (&e' (erusale! i"le* E2e% /%-0/


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CITING NON-PRINT OR SOURCES FRTHE INTERNET

For electronic and Internet sources* 'ollo! t#e 'ollo!ing guidelines=

• Include in t#e te.t t#e &rst ite t#at a""ears in t#e Wor 5ited entry t#atcorres"onds to t#e citation% Cou do not need to gie "aragra"# nu$ers or nu$ers $ased on your We$ $ro!serBs "rint "reie! 'unction%

• 7nless you ust list t#e We$ site nae in t#e signal "#rase in order to get t

reader to t#e a""ro"riate entry* do not include 7RLs in0te.t% Only "roide "a7RLs suc# as !#en t#e nae o' t#e site includes* 'or e.a"le* a doain nalie )&&*co! or For"es*co! as o""osed to !riting out #tt"=;;!!!%cnn%co #tt"=;;!!!%'or$es%co%


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MLA FORMATT2UOTATIO


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MLA FORMATTING2UOTATIONS

• W#en you directly 8uote t#e !ors o' ot#ers in y"a"er* you !ill 'orat 8uotations dierently

de"ending on t#eir lengt#%


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SHORT 2UOTATIONS

• For e.a"le* !#en 8uoting s#ort"assages o' "rose* use t#e 'ollo!inge.a"les=

• Is it "ossi$le t#at dreas ay e."ress ?"ro'oundas"ects o' "ersonality? (Foules /,)


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LONG 2UOTATIONS

• In #is "oe ?My >a"a9s Walt2*? T#eodore Roet#e e."lores #is c#ild#ood !it'at#er=

• T#e !#isey on your $reat#5ould ae a sall $oy di22y:4ut I #ung on lie deat#=Suc# !alt2ing !as not easy%

We Ro"ed until t#e "ansSlid 'ro t#e itc#en s#el':My ot#er9s countenance5ould not un'ro!n itsel'% (8uoted in S#rodes* Finestone* S#ugrue 33)


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ADDING OR OMITTING 0ORDS I2UOTATIONS

• Jan Harold 4runand* in an essay on ur$an legenstates* ?soe indiiduals !#o retell ur$an legenae a "oint o' learning eery ruor or tale? (,

• In an essay on ur$an legends* Jan Harold 4runa

notes t#at ?soe indiiduals ae a "oint o' leareery recent ruor or tale % % % and in a s#ort tiliely e.c#ange o' details occurs? (,)%


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THAN CO

mla format in thesis writing

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