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CHAPTER ONE

Overview of the Study

1.0 Introduction

This chapter the researcher will introduce the objective of the study that aim to find the

contributing factors towards poor performance of agriculture in Tanzania and its implication to the

economic growth in different countries in the world, Africa as far as Tanzania is concerned. So the

researcher will asses the different factors like shortage of rainfall, poor technology, soil infertility,

conflicts between agriculturalist and pastoralist and the introduction of the structural adjustment

program as well as marketing constraints that lead to poor performance of agriculture

1.1 Background of the Study

African Economic Research Consortium (2007) argued that since 2004 many sub Sahara African

Countries have been experiencing a rare phenomenon boom in the price of their primary

commodity export. Ngeno (2007) showed that agriculture share in value added has fallen sharply

since 1965 from 39% to 17% with a popular collapse in oil economies .Olomola (20070)

commended that the agriculture production and export have grown considerably and many

commodities have seen price boom in recent years. Willey (1986) commended that the tropical

Africans spans the greater part of African continent. It covers the area of about 2100 millions and

has the population of over 300 Millions, the characteristic feature of economic activities is

nomadic and transhumance pastoralist based in cattle, camels, sheep and goats.

The report by Mlowe (2007) commended that Tanzania economy is agricultural dominated, with

other sector following. In 2004 the agriculture sector contributed to about 46% of the Gross

Domestic Product (GDP), Produces about 51% of the foreign exchange earnings and 75% of the

total employment. (URT 2004).Tanzania has been going through a wide ranging of social

economic policy changes, into the transformation of economy for a quit sometime now. The

transformation process was triggered by the crisis of 1980s which lay the ground for the

introduction of the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAPs). Following the structural adjustment

programme, the agricultural marketing was gradually deregulated to allow the private sector to

perform the roles in the marketing of agricultural produces.

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1.2 Statement of the problem

Ngdeno (2007) showed that agriculture share in value added has fallen sharply since 1965 from

95% to 17% with a popular collapse in oil economies in connection with the fact that the African

primary commodity have been experiencing a price boom in several areas.

The report by Mwaibasa (2007) argued that the dependence in the cash crop economy has not

delivered. It has failed to generate revenue for a development, while income from agriculture

sector has been declining and job has been lost. In the face of increasing population in rural areas,

no new employment has been created.

According to National Commission of the United Republic of Tanzania (2006) which argued that

the main reasons for the weak growth in agriculture sector in Tanzania are the reliance by the small

scale farmers on hand hoe cultivation, lack of technology on farming and overdependence on rain

fed agriculture, and also the decline in agriculture production has been attributed by falling in price

of agriculture produces as compared to industrial t products, also lack of access to market of the

agricultural produces.

Despite of the fact that the agriculture is playing a greater role to the national economy, but the

performance of the sector is still poor, though different writers have tried to explore the factors that

contribute to poor performance of agriculture, but only little little research have been done to

assess the factors for poor performance of agriculture as far as Tanzania is concern.

Therefore the interest of this study is to find out the contributing factors for poor performance of

agriculture in Tanzania.

1.3 Objectives of the study

The general objective is to assess the factors that contribute to the poor performance of agriculture

in Tanzania.

1.4.1 Specific objectives

I) To assess the availability of agriculture inputs like fertilizers and insecticides.

ii) To identify the accessibility of market for agricultural produces.

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iii) To examine the socio economic factors that affects the performance of agriculture.

iv) To assess the environmental factors affecting the performance of agriculture.

1.4 Research Questions

Basing on those research objectives, the study will address the following research questions;

i) Is there any agricultural inputs available? And if any, is to what extend?

ii) Are the markets accessible by agricultural producers?

iii) What are socio economic factors that affect the performance of agriculture?

iv) What environmental factors which affect the performance of agriculture?

1.5 Significance of the study

This study will help to provide more knowledge and awareness among the involved stakeholders in

the agriculture sector. In this case more knowledge are going to be gathered with the use of

community group in contributing to social, and economic development. The study will provide

common understanding on the current performance of agriculture and developing a strategy to take

measure on the current poor performance of agriculture.

From the practical point of view, this study will help the development practionner such as

Extension services, planers, policy makers, Government and non governmental organization

(NGOs) to provide an effective means and strategies of developing the agriculture performance in

Tanzania.

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CHAPTER TWO

Literature Review

2.0 Instruction

Agriculture is the science, arts or practices of cultivating the soil, producing crops, and raising

livestock and in varying degrees the preparation and marketing of the resulting products

(Rubenstein 2003). Agriculture activities means the cultivation of soil, planting the crops, growing

of fruits trees, including the harvesting of such farms products and other farms activities and

practices performed by the farmer in conjunctions with farming operation done by persons on

whether naturally or juridical (Philip 2010).

The agriculture is the foundation of the Tanzania economy, it account for about half of the national

income, three quarter of the merchandised exports is a source of food and provides employments

opportunities to about 80% of the Tanzanian. It has linkages with the non farms sectors through

forward linkages to agro processing, consumptions and export that provides raw materials to

industries and markets for manufactured goods. (URT 2008)

2.1 Policy Implication

The government of Tanzania has adopted an agricultural sector development strategy (ASDS)

which set the framework for achieving the sector objectives and targets and taking an intensive

strategy to address the poor performance of agriculture in Tanzania, under the Agricultural Sector

Lead Ministries (ASLMs) that provides the overall framework and process for implementing the

Agricultural Sector Development Strategy (ASDS). (URT 2001)

In order to address the problem of the poor performance of agriculture in Tanzania. The national

policy has set various strategies and approach as a means of controlling the low performance of

agriculture, these strategies includes Agricultural Sector Development Strategy (ASDS),

Agricultural Sectors Lead Ministries (ASLMs) and the District Agriculture Development Plans

(URT 2002)

The micro economic policy has large positives effects on prices based on agriculture produces

products. The produces share of the border prices declines over this periods for some key exports

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crops like Tobacco, Tea and Cottons, this indicates that the sartorial policy did little to improves

the export prices incentives of the agricultural produces over the late 1980s and early 1990s (URT

2002)

2.2 The Key Features of Agricultural Sector policy Development strategy

Sustained agricultural growth targets of at least 5% annually to be achieved through the

transformation from subsistences to commercial agricultural, Transformation to promote sector

led through an improved enabling environment for enhancing the productivity and profitability of

agriculture with the removal of constraints to private sector involvement, Sector development to

be facilitated through public or private partnership, including increased contract farming (vertical

integration with the delineation of public or private role), Focus on participatory planning and

implementation using the framework of the district agricultural development plans (DADPs) which

are part of the district development plans (DDPs), Decentralization of service delivery

responsibilities to local government authorities, Mainstreaming of the cross cutting and cross sect

oral issues in agriculture development operations.

The national policy on agriculture performance in Tanzania has further said on the contributions of

Village Extensions Offices (VEO) towards addressing those problems related to poor performance

of agriculture in Tanzania, that these people play a significance roles in training, facilitating and

supporting the farmers group formation, farmers networking and assisting the group and farmers to

develop services contracts proposal and plans in order to improve the performances of agricultural

sector in Tanzania (URT 2002)

2.3 Environmental Factors on Poor Performance of Agriculture

Mtenga (2001), argued that the poor performance of agriculculture has been contributed by many

factors, This happens particularly in tropic Africans as the results of the soil fertility constraints

(SFC) the inherent low continent of nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P) Organic matters (OM) andmineral nutrients. It is estimated that about 62 millions in Africa are affected by the activities. The

continuous cropping without external inputs lower crop yields due to the net removal of nutrients

from the soils by the crops. The problems are even severe in semi Aids areas where soil with low

organic matters, moisture and nutrients Phosphorus and other mineral nutrients are common. With

the rapid escalating population, most farmers can not practice sufficient long natural fallow periods

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to permits complete regeneration of soil fertility. These trends are resulting in shorter fallow

periods and some cases continuous cultivation, rapid soil degradation and decreasing crop yield.

The agricultural sector is very crucial that, maintaining the sustainability of agriculture ion these

areas is therefore require a frequent additions of nutrients and organic material for maintaining

crop yield and growth

The United Republic of Tanzania (2007), argued that in Tanzania context the problem is not very

much severe as the case in semi arid areas. In Tanzania there is a prt of productive areas that have

not yet been explored and most of these land is arable areas which has a fertile soil for agricultural

practices, though the increasing population in many parts of the country reduced the area for

cultivating, hence the farmers can not practices long term fallowing periods.

World Bank (2002) commended that the agriculture is perfuming poorly because of heavily

dependency on the vagaries of climate. The poor farmers also rely on their own savings and the

help from the families or friends when floods or drought strikes. But this insurance mechanism is

of little use when savings are meager or when the entire circle of families and friends suffer from

the same disaster. The important things is that the farmers should buy insurances protect their

crops against risk. Example the wealthier farmers and those in rich countries can purchase a farm

of disaster insurance and benefits from the public subsidies when struck by adversities. World

Bank also noted that the government and the communities plays an important rule in building an

effective institution to raise farmers return and lower their risk by reducing uncertainties toward

future income. . These institution are responsible for generating and disseminating the agricultural

technology, directly affect the yield and risk inherent in agricultural production, Also the extension

services are crucial in enhancing the agricultural productivity since the main function of extension

services are twofold; To inform the farmers of new products and techniques and to gather and

transfer information from one farmer to another participants.

Hahhblad (2003), commended that despite the agricultural sector is performing poor, it has provento be the main sources of alternatives for most of the poor African societies. About 70% to 90% of

the African societies are living in rural areas and their main economic activities are agriculture.

The farms productivity and production costs largely determines the price of the basic food stuffs,

which account for 60% to 70% of the total consumptions expenditure by the low income group.

The agricultural growth has been mainly threatened by the population growth in sub Sahara

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African countries. Example the population growth in Africa ranges to 2.7% per year over past 40

years compared with 2% in developing Asia and 2.2% in Latin America, so with regard t

population increase the agriculture performance in Africa has remained poorly compared with the

other places, for example over the past 40 years ago the value of aggregate agricultural outputs has

only increased by 2.5% in Africans compared with the 2.9% in Latin America and 3.5% in

developing Asia.

The important things in order to overcome the poor performance of agriculture in Africa is to

ensure the transparent on the distribution of tax and other rent from the agricultural products;

Given that the government should not tax the farmers as monetary rather than fiscal because

farmers will initially directly saving into financial assets before investing.

The International Cooperatives Alliance (2003), argued that though the agriculture sector is

performing poorly in East African Countries; Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda, this sector still remain

the backbone of the countrys economy. The main problems of agriculture in these countries is

that, it is characterized by small scale farming comprised of 60% to 80% 0f the small holder

farmers with less than one hectors a land. With regard to the poor performances of agriculture ,

these countries have adopted deferent mechanism that aims to promote the agricultural

development which includes; Community Empowerment and Enterprises Development Through

Cooperatives (CEEDCO) in Kenya, Institutional and Capacity Buildings in Primary Societies and

Other Groups for Member Empowerment and Enterprises Development in Cooperatives in

Tanzania (MEMCOOP) in Tanzania and Farmers Empowerment Through Agricultural

services(FATES) in Uganda.

African Economic Research Consortium (2007) Commended that the agriculture is performing

poor in many African Countries due to the fact that these counties have historically suffered from

urban bias in public policy. For example state marketing board in several African countries

resembled the system used by colonialist to gather food during the Second World War. Thissystem subsidized urban consumers of food by requiring farmers to sell their output at less than the

market prices. The public investment in infrastructure, Education and other services in rural area

also tend to be lower than in urban areas. The low investment increases transactions costs in

marketing in which can be major institutional constraints to developing agricultural productivity.

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Karvaria([2010), his idea is based on the performance of agriculture in Tanzania and nearby

countries like Kenya and Uganda, the agriculture in Tanzania is performing poorly most of the

farmers hold the land of 0.5 to 2.5 hectors and most of these farmers are women . The farmers in

Tanzania faces a lot of constraints despites of the fact that these people are extremely poor , they

also suffer from poor infrastructure, lack of enough capital and lack of markets for agricultural

produces outputs , so these are the main factors for poor performance of agriculture in Tanzania.

However the solution for most African countries is to have a clear plan for them. In 2003 African

put in place a Comprehensive African Agriculture Development Plan (CAADP) which aimed to

improve whose small holder famers. The local initiatives such as UWAMWIMA based in Zanzibar

which aimed to join the group of famers to work in collaboratively manner in order to empower

themselves. The T Tanzania have current adopted kilimokwanza which intends to make a green

revolution in agriculture as the way of recovering problems of poor performance of agriculture in

Tanzania.

2.4. Marketing Constraints on Agriculture Performance

The result of the poor performance of marketing in the agriculture sector in the early of 1990s as

part of the process of the Structural Adjustment Program (SAPs). The government undertook a

series of major reforms. These reforms included the decontrol of marketing of non traditional

exports . Through this changes has not created any impacts as the results the producers are not

guaranteed of markets of their crops in all localities due the to among other factors, like

weaknesses of cooperatives societies, lack of farmers association, inadequate number of competing

buyers and absence of regulatory institutions to oversee the quality and standards for non

traditional exports and food crops. Consequently the producer has not received enumerative prices

which intensified the rural poverty and unemployment levels (URT 2008).

2.5 Empirical Studies

The report by Kimaro (2010) commended that the African countries in general have passed

through three major policies which have a significant impacts on agriculture performance. These

phases are colonial policy on agriculture production. The post colonial era before market

liberalization and the free market economy era which have spilled over to date. All of these policy

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changes had a significant impact on agricultural production due to differences in philosophies of

each phases.

So the writer focused only on the colonial policy towards agricultural performance, but there are

other colonial attributes that contributed to poor performance of agriculture in Tanzania for

example the content of education which extremely does not intended to develop agriculture

performance in Africa as far as Tanzania is concerned.

The report by Bee (2007), argued that despite the outstanding contribution of agriculture to the

national economy: but still the performance of this sector has not been impressive, although the

government has implemented a series of adjustment policies and institutional reforms based on

market economic principles, but there have been a little improvement in agricultural productivity

and small holder livelihood.

According to Bareja (2011), about 70 percent of the Tanzania are cultivated by the hand hoe,

where the average farm land size is about 0.9 hectors and 3.0 hectors each, thereafter the poor

performance of agriculture has significantly contributed by the dominance of small holder farmers.

So despite the prevailing small holder farmers but there are other factors associated with these

small holding farmers like the application of poor technology, dependence on unreliability and

irregular whether condition has significant contributed to poor performance of agriculture in

Tanzania.

The report by Smale (2006), showed that the East Africa is a largest Banana and maize producing

and consuming region in Africa, but the problem most producers are small holder farmers who

grow banana mainly for food, the other factors associated with the poor performance of this sector

is pest and diseases like weevils, Nematodes, Sigatoka and funga disease that normally affects the

growth of banana plants, they cause the failure of failure through the death of young banana plants.

So these diseases have been found to be the contributing factors that affect the performance ofagriculture in Tanzania.

The report by Ethiopia Institute of agriculture (2010), commended that the introduction of the land

reforms in Ethiopia and its marketing and distribution policies had a significant impacts on the

performance of agriculture, since the reforms caused the agriculture production to go down in

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Ethiopia. The study of this has been conducted in Orimia and Gambela region, where these regions

are the main producer of coffee in Ethiopia.

In many parties of the continent particularly the Sub Sahara African Countries a greater problem

on agriculture production due to the climate condition. A case of Zimbabwe the Government has

put a lot of initiatives to improves the agriculture performance, the initiatives was based on

distributing seeds among the farmers in Marange Region where about 400 of the total of 2400

farmers in Marange, but the agriculture performance in Zimbabwe is still poor due to the fact that

the area is facing the problem of rain shortage which result almost in poor harvest.

2.6 Conceptual Framework

Conceptual framework is a research tool intended to assist a researcher to develop awareness and

understanding of the situation under scrutiny, and to communicate this when clearly articulated. A

conceptual framework has a potential usefulness as a tool to assist a researcher to make meaning of

subsequent finding (Kombo et al2010).

The independent variable are factors for poor performance, which actually influence the other

variable to happens, these factors includes application of poor technology, overdependence on

rainfall, market constraints and the soil infertility.

The dependent variable are agriculture sector in Tanzania which cannot stand as an independent

variable since it is influenced by other variable, it usually occur as a result of performance of the

other variable.

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Illustration of the conceptual framework

Independent variables Dependent variable

Source: The researcher 2012

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Poor performance of agriculture sector

in Tanzania

Application of poor

technology

Market constraints

Soil infertility

Overdependence of rainfall

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CHAPTER THREE

Research Methodology

3.0 Introduction

Under this chapter a researcher will explore the various techniques or methods that he will use in

collecting the information from various sources, Qualitative and quantitative data are both used

during the collection of data from the field, and also the researcher will determine the research

design in order to complement with the available resources like time and funds.

3.1 Research Design

In order to cover a variety of ideas and in depth knowledge and informations based in a single

institution, Thereafter a research should use a case study design. Under this case study design the

information is basically collected in a single institution, Example ministry of agriculture and food

security.

3.2 Description of the Study Area

The region is bordered in the north by Singida and Dodoma regions, Morogoro regions in the east,

Ruvuma region and Nyasa in the west. Iringa name came from Wahehe word lilinga meaning fort.

3.2.1 Geographical Features

The Municipal stretches along the hilltop overlooking the Ruaha River to the south and spreads

along ridges and valleys to the north. Iringa Manspal is situated in the plateau that ranges from

1500metres to 2500metres above the sea level. The highway distances from Iringa to

Dar Es Salaam is 502kilometers or 312miles. The municipal lies along the latitude 70 south of

equator and longitude 340 east of the Greenwich meridian, the municipal cover the area of 162

square kilometers (Kilale 2007)

3.3 Data Collection

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A Researcher will use different tools in collecting the data from the field. Some of these data will

collected from the documented materials and other data will be collected from the field directly

where various techniques for data collection is going to be used such as Interview, Observation,

and Focus Group Discussion(FDGs)

3.3.1 Questionnaire

Is a list of grouping of a written question in which the respondent answers, A questionnaire can be

closed ended or an open ended questionnaire

3.3.1.1 Open ended questionnaire

In some cases a researcher will use open ended questionnaire in order to make a respondent more

flexible with a divergent answer in the questions provided.

3.3.1.2 Closed ended questionnaire

The researcher will use closed ended questionnaire order to save time and resources which are

normally scarcity. So the respondent will be supposed to provide a short and clear answer based on

the questions provided.

3.4.1 Types of Data

The Researcher will be obliged to collect the data of both primary and secondary data whereby he

will be obliged to go direct to the field and obtain the data for the first time, at the same time he is

supposed to review different documentation materials in order to get more informations.

3.4.2 Sources of Data

A researcher will obtain the data from different sources like the documented information from the

ministry of agriculture and food security and the agriculture marketing cooperatives, apart from the

documented materials also the researcher will collect the data directly from the respondent through

various techniques such as Observation, Interview, and Focus Group Discussion

3.4.3 Techniques of Data Collection

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Under the data collection techniques the researcher will use various techniques for collecting the

data. He will use Interview, Observation and Focus Group Discussion and the review from the

documentations.

3.4.3.1Observation

The researcher will use observation methods or techniques in searching the information in illicit

circumstances, he will use his eyes to observe direct from the field.

3.4.3.2 Focus Group Discussion

Under the focus group discussion the researcher will organize the group of people of about six to

eight people where each people will be encouraged to participate by sharing knowledge and skills.

3.4.3.3 Interview

The researcher will use interview techniques in collecting the data where the tools which will be

going to be used is questionnaire, where a list set of questions are provided to the respondent and

the respondent are supposed to fill it in a short descriptions

3.5 Sampling

Sampling is the process whereby one makes estimates or generalizations about the population

based on the information contained in a partial or sample of the entire population (Adam et al

1991).

The researcher will use sampling in order to save the resources such as time and money where few

people or a sample are going to be selected to represent the whole population

3.5.1 Sampling frame

Refer to those sources of materials from which a sample is drawn. It is the list of all those within a

population who can be sampled (Jessen 1978). The researcher will draw the sample from various

sources example ministry of agriculture and food security, from the farmers themselves and from

other stakeholders like teachers and local l, leaders.

3.5.2. Sample size

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A researcher will draw up a sample from each category of the population, and the sample size will

vary depending on the level of each category of the populations. A researcher will have a total size

of 40 sample size, that will be drown from various categories, example5 from the staff of the

Ministry of Agriculture and food Security, 5 are teachers, 5 students, 5 religious leaders, 5 village

leaders and the rest are the common people.

3.5.3 Sampling Techniques

In research there are various methods of obtaining a sample. In this case the researcher will use

non probability sampling, whereby a researcher will be subjective to only those people to whom

they are expected to have better information relating to the research study.

3.6 Data Analysis Techniques

After the collection of data the researcher will analyze the data through the use of various

techniques in order to provide a good interpretation. He will use the following tools to analyze the

data which includes, frequency distribution table, histogram etc through the use ofSPSS computer

program.

REFERENCES

Adam et al(1991), Understanding research methods, second edition, New York

African Economic Research Consortium (2003), Managing commodity Booms in sub Sahara

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African, Nairobi.

Bareja B.G (2011), Participatory Agriculture Development and Empowerment Project:

Environmental and social framework approach

http://www.chanrobles.com/legal4agrarianlaw.htm).

Bee K.F (2009), Analysis of agricultural marketing constraints and strategies for Developing

domestic, agricultural markets in Tanzania, Moshi.

Bee K. B. (2007), Impacts of agricultural policies in farming business by members of rural

producers organization in Tanzania, MUCCOBS

Ethiopia Institute of Agriculture Production (2010), coffee production in

Ethiopia.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_Ethiopia

Haggblade H. (2003), Building on success in African agriculture, Washington

International Cooperative Alliance (2004), International Cooperative Alliance Regional

Workshop on Agricultural Marketing, Moshi.

International Cooperative Alliance (2003), International Cooperative Alliance Regional

Workshop on agricultural marketing, Nairobi.

Kimaro P.J (2010), Maize Marketing in Changing Agricultural Policy Environment, MUCCOBS

Mlowe et al (2007), crop diversification, An emerging opportunity among the rural producer

Organization in Tanzania, MUCCOBS

.$ons J. W.(1986), Economic of agricultural development in Tropical African, New York.

Smale M (2006), Genetic Resource Policies, Promising Crop Biotechnologies for Small Holder

Farmers in East Africa

Tanzania and UNESCO (2007), National Commission of the United Republic of Tanzania

Magazine no3, Dar es Salaam.

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United Republic of Tanzania (2001), Agricultural Sectors Development Strategy.

www.kilimo.go.tz/publication/english%20docs/ASP/%20FINAL %2025%2005%2006%20(2).pdf.

Retrieved on 09/10/2012

United Republic of Tanzania (2002), Agriculture Sector Development Program, Dar es salaam

United Republic of Tanzania (2008), Agriculture marketing situation and current

constraintshttp,//.www.mit. go tz/document/agriculturalmantentingpolicy/.pods

Framework and process documents, www.kilimo.go.tz/publication/english %20docs/ASP

%20FINAL%2025%2005%2006%20(2).pdf .Retrieved on 09/10/2012

World Bank (2002), Building institutions for marketing, New York.

Joyce et al(2005), an approach to social research methods, fourth edition, New York

.

Im Fredrick Samson Mlelwa, Perusing Bachelor of Arts in Community Economic Development

(BA CED) with registration number of FCCDS/BA CED.257/09, at Moshi University College of

Cooperatives and Business Studies, Carrying out a Research on Factors for Poor Performance of

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Agriculture in Tanzania. This is for partial fulfillment of the award of the Bachelor of Arts in

Community Economic Development

Im requesting for your participation towards the success of this research. Please respond to

the following questions carefully and answer them giving your comment where necessary

QUESTIONNAIRES FOR FARMERS

a/ Personal details information

1/name

2/age.

3/ residence; a/urban b/ rural ( )

4/ occupation; a/ student

b/ employee

c/ employer

d/ teacher

e/ religion leader ( )

5/ gender; a/ male ( ) b/ female ( )

6/ marital status; a/ single ( ) b/ married ( )

7/ is your body physically fits ; a/ yes ( ) b/ no ( )

b/ information about the economic status

8/how much salary do you receive permonth? ....................................

9/ how do you use your salary to manage your family expenses.

..

..

10/do you have any income generating activities?;

a/ yes b/ no ( )

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11/if yes which activities do you perform?

a/.

b/

.

c/.

12/ how much do you earn from those income generatingactivities?. .

13/ do you have any saving?

a/ yes b/ no ( )

14/ if yes which social economic group did you engaged?.

15/ how do you benefits as a member from that socialeconomic group?.

a/..

b/

c/..

c/ information about the agricultural performance

16/how many hectors of farm do you own or rent?.

17/ do you receive any incentives/ subsidies of grains /fertilizers from the

Government?

a/ yes b/ no( )

18/ If yes how you benefits do from the subsidies / incentivesyou are receiving

.

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.

19/ basing on your experience, how many bags of maizedo you harvest per

Hector?

20/ are you producing for consumption only?

a/ yes b/ no( )

21/if no, are you facing any constraints / difficulties /challenges in selling

Your products?

a/ yes b/ no ()

22/ if yes, which problems do you encounters?

a/.

b/.

c/.

23/ do you think the environmental condition has theimpacts on agricultural

Performance?

a/ yes b/ no( )

24/ if yes, explain how does it impacts the performance the ofAgriculture in your locality?

.

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..

25/ do you think the income level affects the performanceof agriculture?

a/ yes b/ no( )

26/ if yes, explain how the level of income affects theperformance of

Income?..

..

27/ do you think is there any other factors thatcontributes to poor

Performance of agriculture?

a/ yes b/ no ()

28/ if yes, which are those?

a/

b/

c/.

d/

Im Fredrick Samson Mlelwa , Perusing Bachelor of Arts in Community EconomicDevelopment (BA CED) with registration number of FCCDS/BA CED.257/09,at Moshi UniversityCollege of Cooperatives and Business Studies, Carrying out a Research on Factors for PoorPerformance of Agriculture in Tanzania. This is for partial fulfillment of the award of the Bachelorof Arts in Community Economic Development

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Im requesting for your participation towards the success of this research. Please respond tothe following questions carefully and answer them giving your comment where necessary

QUESTIONNAIRES TO MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FOODSECURITY

a/ personal details information

1/ name

2/ age ..

3/ residence; a/ urban b/ rural ( )

4/ occupation; a/ employee b/ employer ( )

5/ gender; a/ male b/ female ( )

6/ marital status; a/ single b/ married ( )

7/ is your body physically fits ; a/ yes ( ) b/ no ( )

b/ Information about the social economic status

8/ how much salary do you receive per month?

9/ how do use your salary to manage your family consumption?

.

..

10/ do you have any income generating activities?

a/ yes b/ no ( )

11/ if yes, which activities do you perform?

a/..

b/

c/

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12/ how much do you earn from those income generatingactivities? ...........................

13/ do you have any saving account?

a/ yes b/ no ( )

14/ if yes, which financial institution?

a/ NBC BANAK b/ CRDB

c/ NMB BANK d/POSTAL BANK( )

15/ are you a member of any social economic group?

a/ yes b/ no ( )

16/ if yes, which social economic group do you belong?..

17/ do you benefits as a member from such social economic group?

a/.

b/..

c/

c/ information about the agricultural performance

18/ does the government provides incentives / subsidies on grainsand fertilizers to

Farmers?

a/ yes b/ no ( )

19/ if yes, how do they benefits from those subsidies / incentivesthey receive?

...

..

20/ basing on your experience, how many maize of bags do thefarmers harvest per

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Hector?..

21/ basing on your experience, do these farmers produces productsfor their own

Consumption only?

a/ yes b/ no

22/ if no, do they face any constraints / problems in trying tomarket their products?

a/ yes b/ no ( )

23/ if yes, which are those problems do they encounter?

a/

b/

c/..

d/.

24/ do you think the environmental conditions has the impacts inthe agricultural

Performance?

a/ yes b/ no ( )

25/ if yes, explain how does it affects the performance ofagriculture?

.

..

26/ do you think the income level affects the performance ofagriculture?

a/ yes b/ no ()

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27/ if yes, explain how the level of income affects the performanceof agriculture?

.

28/ do you think is there any other factors that contributes to poorperformance of

Agriculture in Tanzania?

a/ yes b/ no ( )

29/ if yes, which are those?

a/.

b/.

c/..

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