IPv4IPv5IPv6

MLUG – February 2014 Mark Pace Balzan

Agenda

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IPv4

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Parallel Universes

IPv4If working with one protocol is fun...

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IPv6

Then how much fun will we have with two ?

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So what’s this all about, exactly ?

7It’s the plumbing

IPv4 Exhaustion - How bad ?

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96 extra bits – no MAGIC• IPv4 : 4 blocks of numbers separated by dots

• 1.2.3.4 32bit

• IPv6 : 8 blocks of numbers separated by colons• 2001:2:3:4:5:6:7:8 128bit

• v4 to v4, v6 to v6 no problem, no magic

• v4 to v6, v6 to v4 parallel universes !

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IPv4

IPv6

IPv4

IPv6

IPv4

IPv6

We had a plan....years ago.......– v4/v6 are not compatible on the wire– We cant just add v6– So dual stack everywhere (ie v4/v6)– As v6 increases, we gain critical mass,

v4 quietly goes away

11IANA: Feb 2011APNIC: May 2011RIPE: Oct 2012

Ooops!

v6 deploymentwas meant to happen BEFOREv4 exhaustion !

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What happened ?

• years ago.......– v4/v6 are not compatible on the wire– We cant just add v6– So dual stack everywhere (ie v4/v6)– As v6 increases, we gain critical mass,

v4 quietly goes away

• the reality, today:– v6 deployment today is sparse at best– v4 is really running out– v4/v6 coexistence is inevitable

13IANA: Feb 2011APNIC: May 2011RIPE: Oct 2012

The new plan and challenges

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Today IPv4 IPv4 This is how we work todayToday IPv4 IPv6 Transition MechanismsFuture IPv6 IPv6 Native v6Future IPv4 / IPv6

(Dual Stack)IPv4 or IPv6 Best of both worlds

Future IPv6 only (v4 ran out)

IPv4 only (no v6 yet at this network)

CG NAT/NAT64

Scenario From To How ?

The “Just add more NAT” approach

• Multi Level NAT• ISP gives out private IPv4 and does NAT again• How far can it scale ?• How much will it break ?

• When does IPv6 start being more appealing ?

Transition Mechanisms

• IPv6 through a tunnel in a v4 network– Dependent on v4– Tunnels have issues with performance– But it kind of works

• Various Types– 6to4– Teredo– ISATAP– 6in4

The Other Option: use IPv6 !

• Dual stack• Inevitably v4 will run out before we fully rely

on v6• So translation is inevitable

IPv6: its BIG

18,446,744,073,709,500,000

no, its not the total IPv6 space, that would be 340,282,366,920 billion billion billion

It’s the number of unique v6 IPs in /64/64 is the minimum space given to an end user

That’s ridiculous!

18 billion billion : /64 in IPv67 billion : population of the world in 2014

ipv6 at home

IPv6 in real life

IPv6 in real life

A walk along the v6 internet

1 1 ms 10ge3-1.core1.lon2.he.net (2001:470:0:2cd::1)

2 72 ms 100ge1-1.core1.nyc4.he.net (2001:470:0:2cf::2)

3 131 ms 10ge10-3.core1.lax1.he.net (2001:470:0:10e::1)

4 136 mslapeer-equinix.net.reach.com (2001:504:0:3::4637:1)

5 281 ms 2403:e800:ff00:110::f6 273 ms 2403:e800:100:1b::27 275 ms 2001:8000:0:2030:101:401:0:1

8 287 msbundle-ether5.cha-core4.brisbane.telstra.net (2001:8000:0:2000:3001:6001:0:6)

9 287 mstengigabitethernet7-1.cha30.brisbane.telstra.net (2001:8000:0:6001::60:10b)

10 286 ms 2001:8000:106::211 285 ms 2001:dd8:8:701::244

How to connect - today

Today IPv4 IPv6 6to4 – public ipv4 addressTeredo – private ipv4 address

Future IPv6 IPv6 Native v6 from ISP- Stop 6to4 or other tunnels- upgrade os- upgrade home router/access points

Scenario From To How ?

Today IPv4 IPv6 Tunnel (HE/SixxS/Other)

Test your ipv6 readiness

• http://test-ipv6.com/

The omitted complexity....

• RA • RS• Rogue RA• Neighbour Discovery

Protocol• Neighbour Advertisement• Neighbour Solicitation• DAD• DHCPv6

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• 6to4• 6rd• Teredo• AAAA• /64, /48, /56, /128• Link Local• Unique Local• Unique Global• OSPF v3

• ARP• Broadcast

New concepts in IPv6, not in IPv4:

Big In IPv4, not in IPv6:

• Old OS/App works fine on v4. Switch on v6 it may break.• Upgrade to fix a v6 issue, and you may find a new v4

bug you didnt have before • Parallel running two stacks uses more resources

• CGN• NAT64• DNS64• 6PE• 6VPE• SLAAC• AFTR• Dual Stack• DS-Lite• DHCPv6-PD

And many other considerations:

Thank you - Questions ?

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