mmte solar solutions

7/30/2019 MMTE Solar Solutions

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Manmade Technologies & Enterprises India

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Solar Energy Solutions Business Report

Manmade Technologies & Enterprises (C) Copyright

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Solar energy is the most readily available source of energy. It does not belong to anybody and is, therefore,

free. It is also the most important of the non-conventional sources of energy because it is non-polluting and,therefore, helps in lessening the greenhouse effect.

Solar energy has been used since prehistoric times, but in a most primitive manner. Before 1970, someresearch and development was carried out in a few countries to exploit solar energy more efficiently, butmost of this work remained mainly academic. After the dramatic rise in oil prices in the 1970s, severalcountries began to formulate extensive research and development programs to exploit solar energy.

When we hang out our clothes to dry in the sun, we use the energy of the sun. In the same way, solarpanels absorb the energy of the sun to provide heat for cooking and for heating water. Such systems areavailable in the market and are being used in homes and factories.

As drivers of the nations research and innovation initiatives, its natural that universities and schools are

ahead of the curve in adoption of advanced renewable solar energy services. But at the same time,educational institutions face the same realities as every other public or private enterprise: renewable energymust deliver bottom-line results, and it must fit within limited capital budgets.

With more than 550 solar facilities in operation today delivering more than 500 megawatts of solar energycapacity, Manmade Technologies has the right solar energy solution for educational facilities of all shapesand sizes, from a public or private school building to an entire university campus. We match this

unsurpassed knowledge of solar photovoltaic solutions with our groundbreaking Power Purchase Agreementmodel, which allows institutions to take advantage of reliable and predictable solar energy without upfrontcosts. Manmade Technologies manages every element of solar installation and ongoing management, and

educational institutions purchase the resulting power at rates that are often substantially lower than otherpower sources.

Manmade Technologies solar energy services are highly reliable, consistently delivering more than 100percent of the power predicted when a solution is designed. Were also accountable, providing customerswith a Client Connect portal that enables direct review of solar service performance and energy delivered, socustomers can confirm the solar benefits that are ultimately serving faculties and students.

Solar energy is energy provided from the light and heat of the sun and has been harnessed by people sincethe dawn of time. Solar radiation accounts for the most available, renewable energy on earth, and is also oneof the most affordable. Energy powered by the sun relies on heat engines and can provide you withnumerous services, including heating, cooling, hot water, solar cooking, and many more.


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The most common way to harvest solar energy is through the use ofsolar panels. A solar panel is a packaged, interconnected collection ofsolar cells that can be used to generate and supply electricity incommercial and residential facilities.The panels use light energy from the sun to create electricity to poweryour home or business.

Solar technologies can be separated into two categories; active solarand passive solar, depending on the way they harness, convert and usethe solar energy. Active solar techniques use thermal collectors andphotovoltaic panels, which generates electrical power by converting solarradiation into direct currents of electricity through semiconductors, toharness energy.

Passive solar techniques include designing equipment that naturallycirculate air, using light dispersing properties and using the sun as apoint of reference on where to place a building. Common features ofbuildings that use passive solar techniques include compact proportions,thermal mass, and selective shading. Thermal mass includes anymaterial that can be used to store heat. Common thermal mass itemsinclude water, stone, and cement.Solar energy can be used to provide a number of different services toyour home. It can be used to disinfect water, cook and prepare food,heat, and even cool. Solar cookers harness the suns energy for cooking,

drying and pasteurization. They can be grouped into three differentcategories including box cookers, panel cookers, and reflector cookers.

People also use the power of the sun to propel cars, boats, andairplanes. The world Solar Challenge is a bi-annual solar-powered carrace that has been in the works since 1987. As you can see, solar powercan help you heat your home, cook, and even assists in transportation,and all at a lower cost than other energy sources.

Among the various renewable energy resources, solar energy potential isthe highest in the country. In most parts of India, clear sunny weather isexperienced 250 to 300 days a year. The annual radiation varies from1600 to 2200 kWh/m2, which is comparable with radiation received inthe tropical and sub-tropical regions. The equivalent energy potential isabout 6,000 million GWh of energy per year.

The National Action Plan on Climate Change also points out: India is a

tropical country, where sunshine is available for longer hours per dayand in great intensity. Solar energy, therefore, has great potential asfuture energy source. It also has the advantage of permitting thedecentralized distribution of energy, thereby empowering people at thegrassroots level.

With the objective to establish India as a global leader in solar energy,by creating the policy conditions for its diffusion across the country as

quickly as possible Government of India launched National Solar Mission.

In the next few years it is expected that millions of households in theworld will be using solar energy as the trends in USA and Japan show. InIndia too, the Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency and theMinistry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources are formulating a programto have solar energy in more than a million households in the next fewyears. However, the peoples initiative is essential if the program is to be

successful.

Manmade Technologies & Enterprises

New Delhi, India

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A Clear Path to Solar Success

Our approach is straightforward and effective: we workwith customers individually to customize the solarenergy services that will maximize benefits for their

specific needs.

We help customers achieve solar success in threephases:

1. Analysis, Design and Construction: We conductan on-site assessment of your energy needsand solar production potential. From thatassessment, Manmade Technologies designs aphotovoltaic power system that utilizes thelatest technologies, materials and designs tooptimize solar energy production. We managethe entire process.

2. Certification and Operation: We manage thecomplete renewable power certification processand perform testing to identify baseline useand savings. We then activate your system andgenerate clean, renewable energy from the

sun.3. Monitoring and Maintenance: Using state-of-

the-art, technology, we continually monitorand control system performance. When

needed, we deploy certified technicians quicklyto keep systems running at optimal levels.Customers can check in on the performance oftheir solar energy service via ManmadeTechnologies Client Connect portal

Installing solar power offers a way to reduce yourelectricity bills and to reduce your greenhouse gasemissions. A solar power system includes the solarpanels, an inverter and associated electrical andmounting equipment. The solar panels are often calledphotovoltaic (PV) panels which mean that they turnlight into electricity. This is different to solar hot watersystems that capture the suns heat. When you installsolar PV, your house will use the available power fromthe panels instead of buying it from the grid, which cansave you money. If you generate more power than youneed at any one time, this excess power can beexported to the grid.

Its important to us that our partnership with theacademic community extends beyond the services thatwe offer. We also support solar curricula developmentand energy research at many educational institutions.Were focused on continually driving innovation toimprove the efficiency of solar panels and equipment,and to reduce the costs of solar solutions. Ourcollaborative work with academic researchers is animportant part of these efforts.

In todays world of ever-increasing energy costs, manypeople are looking for a more affordable alternative togas or electric power. More and more people are turningtoward natural sources of energy to power their homes,including solar, hydroelectricity, water and wind energy.

India is one of the few

countries with long days and

plenty of sunshine, especially

in the Thar Desert region.

This zone, having abundant

solar energy available, is

suitable for harnessing solar

energy for a number of

applications. In areas with

similar intensity of solar

radiation, solar energy could

be easily harnessed. Solar

thermal energy is being used

in India for heating water for

both industrial and domestic

purposes. A 140 MW

integrated solar power plant

is to be set up in Jodhpur

but the initial expense

incurred is still very high.


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The Future of Solar Energy in India

By 2050, solar energy alone will produce 1.3 times the currentenergy production of the country.By 2020, there will be cost parity between solar energy andconventional grid power

If successful, this initiative will far exceed India's plans for nuclearpower generation and dwarf current solar energy leaders indomestic market size and export manufacturing.

Preparing for installationMany companies sell and install solar PV systems,including some electricity retailers. Always take the timeto compare quotes and do your background research. Donot allow yourself to be pressured into an on the spotsale. When comparing quotes from different suppliers youshould check for:

The size of the system and inverter (which may not be thesame) and what will best suit your needs; Any surcharges(such as for difficult access or non-standard mounting ofthe panels); Whether a deposit is required; How long itwill take to get your system installed; The warranty andcontract conditions; Whether the company uses accrediteddesigners and installers; Whether the solar power supplierwill liaise with your distributor and retailer to ensure thatyou have the right type of meter and that you will receivea feed in tariff.

If you have an older type meter your distributor will needto install a new meter that will support your solar PVsystem. This meter may be called an interval, bi-directional or smart meter. You may be charged for ameter upgrade through the electricity bill you receive from

your retailer. You can check with your retailer ordistributor for information on a new meter and how muchit may cost.

In the next few years it is expected that millions of households in the world will be using solar energy as the trends inUSA and Japan show. In India too, the Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency and the Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources are formulating a program to have solar energy in more than a million households in the

next few years. However, the peoples initiative is essential if the program is to be successful.

Solar energy can also be used to meet our electricity requirements. Through Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) cells, solarradiation gets converted into DC electricity directly. This electricity can either be used as it is or can be stored in thebattery. This stored electrical energy then can be used at night.SPV can be used for a number of applications such as:a. domestic lightingb. street lightingc. village electrificationd. water pumpinge. desalination of salty waterf. powering of remote telecommunication repeater stations and railway signals.

Solar energy is not just another alternate source of electricity, but the only

reliable, scalable and simple solution to address global warming


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Advantages of solar power

The sun is constant it will always be there and istherefore a reliable, utterly renewable source of energy.Once the initial financial outlay has been made topurchase the solar panels, the suns energy is completelyfree.As it does not rely on the burning of harmful fuels togenerate electricity, solar power is non-polluting itdoes not contribute to global warming or greenhouse gasemissions.As there are no moving parts in a solar panel, theyrequire very little maintenance.Solar power allows those in remote locations to live offthe grid without having to rely solely on noisy, smellygenerators. It is part of the solution to becoming energyself-sufficient.Without the need for wires, cords or power sources, solarpanels are incredibly easy to install.Solar energy is renowned for its versatility it can beused to power anything from a tiny torch to a satellite inspace.Solar technology is improving and reducing in cost all thetime, whereas fossil fuel prices are only steadilyincreasing

Disadvantages of solar power

Solar energy relies upon enough sunlight reaching thephotovoltaic cells on cloudy days here may not be enoughsunshine to produce sufficient electricity and production shutsdown completely at night so back-up energy sources arenecessary.Currently, solar panels are expensive to produce andtherefore also expensive to purchase.Solar panels can currently only convert a maximum of 34%(and around 22% for the majority of panels) of the availablesunlight into electrical energy, although more efficient panelsare being developed.Because sunlight is diffuse, a large number of solar panelsare needed to produce adequate amounts of electricity,necessitating both expense and space.Some believe solar panels are eyesores and traditional siliconcrystalline panels, which are the most efficient, are big andbulky thanks to needing a rigid frame.The efficiency of photovoltaic panels decreases the hotter thepanel becomes a problem with an energy source whichrequires a large amount of sunlight to produce electricity.Currently, solar electricity storage is not quite there yet.Solar drip-feed batteries are available but they are costly andbulky.


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Development and the Future

With energy prices going up and supplies shrinking, global warming issues, renewable energy has become

a focus area for policy makers and governments globally.

A shift towards renewable energy is necessary to meet the rapidly increasing energy needs. An indication

of the increase in energy requirements is visible in the crude oil import figures, which have increased from

2.7% of GDP in 2001 to 7.7% of GDP in 2008.

Solar Energy is a social revolution that has the power to elevate India and its people in a way that no

technology has before. It does so by addressing the basis of decent living...electricity and water.

What are the different scientific ways to harness solar energy?

There are several types of technologies that can be used to harness solar energy ranging from electric power generationto solar water heating or cooking. The solar technologies for electrical power generally fall into two broad categories:photovoltaic and concentrated solar thermal.

Photovoltaic (PV) Systems: Photovoltaic systems are solid-state semi-conductor devices that directly convert solarenergy to electricity. PV systems can be installed as distributed systems on rooftops, or at utility scale in the form of solarfarms. Even though the installed cost of PV systems is relatively high, the benefit of photovoltaic systems is in their lowO&M costs and in long term durability & reliability.

In 2008, nearly 8 GW of PV had been installed worldwide in grid-tied installations. Driven by various policy programs inJapan, Germany, the US, Spain, and many other countries, PV is increasingly seen as a viable alternative for electricitygeneration growing in volume globally second only to wind power among renewable energy technologies. However, largescale utility and industrial users are increasingly interested in solar technologies that may be more useable in centralstation applications including those that can be more rapidly scalable, inherently dispatchable or predictable, andpossibly those generating heat versus direct electricity to supplement existing heat driven power plants. Many potentialconcentrating solar technologies are being pursued in an attempt to meet these needs.

Concentrated Solar Thermal Power (CST or CSP): CSP involves power generation by concentrating solar energy togenerate steam and drive turbines. Sun's rays are reflected off an array of concentrators on to either a network of smalltubes running across the face of the mirrors or a large central tower, in which water is turned into steam to drive

conventional turbines for generating electricity. Parabolic trough concentrating collectors, power tower/heliostat

configurations, and parabolic dish collectors are used in CSP systems. An additional advantage of CSP systems is theability to run combined cycle plants with natural gas or biogas, and incorporating thermal storage of energy. Both thesemeasures improve power dispatchability, a key element for quality grid power.

Parabolic trough technology is the most widely adopted worldwide, with over 450MW of global installed capacitybenefitting from almost two decades of operational experience.

Parabolic Trough Systems: A parabolic trough system consists of trough-shaped mirror reflectors to concentrate solar

radiation on to receiver tubes containing thermal transfer fluid which is heated to produce steam. This is one of the most

developed, economically viable and widely accepted CSP technologies. Currently, most of the CSP projects under

construction employ this technology. Approximately 354MW of parabolic trough power plants are operational in the Mojave

Desert, USA, since 1989. An additional 64MW power plant has been operating since 2007 in Nevada, USA. The chief

engineer for Nevada plant is an advisor to SunBorne.


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How has the energy landscape evolved?

The solar energy industry has experienced an unprecedented growth in the eight

years from 2000 to 2007. Global private investment in solar energy has increased

from around $500 million in 2004 to over $12 billion by the end of 2007 (as per

the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, USA). This phenomenal twenty-fold

increase during a short span of 4 years clearly indicates that solar technologiesare fast maturing and narrowing the competition with conventional sources of

energy as well as other sources of renewable energy.

Indias power demand has soared with economic growth. Figure 1 refers to the

peak power deficit in India. India is heavily dependent on fossil based generation

which supplies about 67% of power generated. This translates to ever increasing

Green House Gas (GHG) emissions and increasing dependence on foreign

supplies. Wind power has dominated the development of renewable energy with

current installed capacity of about 10 GW. Solar energy is primarily being used

for water heating applications and off grid units. Clearly, capacity mix going

forward needs to be changed from current levels to ensure sustainable growth.

Environmental considerations

Solar power generation produces no greenhouse gas emissions or air pollution.

The energy used to manufacture a solar power system is small compared to the

energy generated by the system and is paid back many times over the life of the

system. If you sell the Small-scale Technology Certificates (STCs) from your

system to reduce the upfront price, your STCs will be counted as part of the

Federal Governments Small-scale Renewable Energy Scheme (SRES). If you dont

sell your STCs and let them expire, you are providing additional emissions

reduction beyond the SRES scheme, but the upfront cost of the solar power

system will be higher.

SOLAR ENERGY IS THE FUTURESolar energy is one of the first forms of energy discovered by humans. For

centuries, we have knowingly and unknowingly been harnessing energy from the

sun in various ways for various reasons to heat, to generate fire, to dry, to light

up, and so on with or without using technology - passively or actively.

Passive Solar Energy is one where we alter our way of creating, planning and

living our structures, activities and lives to best utilize sunlight and the heat from

it. For example, farmers follow solar and seasonal cycles to plan their farming

based on the intensity of the sun and its effects on the monsoon and water

patterns.

Active Solar Energy on the other hand is science and technology driven whereinwe capture the heat from the sun and reuse it at a time and in a form convenient

for us mainly as electricity.

How to get solar power

There are several steps to install solarPV at your home or business. Usuallythe supplier of your solar PV systemwill guide you through these steps, butit is important that you are aware ofthe process because your input may beneeded at various times:

First decide whether solar power isfinancially suitable for you (see

"Financial Considerations" section,below)Check with your electricity retailerabout whether you are eligible for afeed in tariff for the excess electricityyou export back to the grid. If you aresatisfied with the retailers feed in tariffoffer and the associated terms andconditions, ask them about signing upfor it. You will not automatically startreceiving a feed in tariff simplybecause you have installed a system.Check with your electricity retailerwhether you are likely to need a newmeter and about any changes to yourelectricity consumption tariff structureand rate. You can shop around for a

better deal from another electricityretailer at any time.

Choose a reputable solar supplier - the

company that will sell you a solarpower system and install it for you.Check whether the company usesaccredited designers and installers.You have to use an accredited installerto get a benefit from the FederalGovernments Small-scale RenewableEnergy Scheme (SRES). You can usethis to reduce the upfront cost of yoursystem.

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