Mo Review• What was Reconstruction?

• How did some Northerners disagree over the nature of Reconstruction?

• Was Presidential Reconstruction hard or easy on the South?

• Describe Presidential Reconstruction.

• What were some good things about Presidential Reconstruction?

• What were some bad things about Presidential Reconstruction?

• Why might some people in the North not like Presidential Reconstruction?

Review• Was Congressional Reconstruction easy or hard on the

South?

• Describe Congressional Reconstruction.

• Why might some people in the South not like Congressional Reconstruction?

• What were the 13th , 14th and 15th amendments to the Constitution?

• What were the Black Codes and why did they make the Radical Republicans mad?

• Why was President Andrew Johnson impeached?

Today’s Objectives• How white southerners respond to

Congressional (or radical) Reconstruction.

• How white southerners prevented blacks from voting in the South.

• How and why the KKK was formed.

• How and why Reconstruction came to an end.

Southern Reaction to Reconstruction

South during Reconstruction

• ¼ of whites can’t vote.

• Many African American elected to state legislatures.

• Also 20 in House of Reps. & 2 in Senate.

• Never a majority.

Freedmen in Govt.

• Try to implement ambitious program: public schools, internal improvements, poor relief, etc.

• Massive increase in spending.

• Lots of corruption (also in North).

White Southerners’ Spin

• “Bayonet Rule”

• Incompetent Blacks are running things.

• Corrupt “Carpetbaggers” taking advantage of the situation.

Southern Terms during Reconstruction

• Scalawags = Southerners who go along with Reconstruction.

• Carpetbaggers = Northerners who came down to the South to participate in Reconstruction or take advantage of the South while it was down.

• Redeemers = Southerners who sought to make the South how it had been.

Carpetbagger

The Birth of the KKK

• Ku Klux Klan = A white Supremacist organization organized to terrorize Freedmen.

• Founded in 1866 in Tennessee.

• Originally organized by ex-confederate soldiers.

Sharecropping

• Economic system in the South that replaces slavery.

• Former plantation owners agree to let Freedmen farm on their land in return for a portion of what they grow.

• Problem is, that to get started, Freedmen need to borrow seeds, supplies, food, etc. (the Plantation owner usually provided these things too).

• The Freedmen, therefore, started in debt and never really got out.

How Redeemers Regain political Control of the South.

• Southerners who oppose Reconstruction are in the Democratic Party—Why?

• KKK used violence to keep many Freedmen (and white Republicans) from voting.

• Redeemers come up with literacy tests, poll taxes, and Grandfather Laws to get around the 15th- Amendment and prevent Freedmen from voting.

• Use violence/poll-taxes/literacy tests, eventually keeps many blacks and carpetbaggers from voting.

• By 1872, almost all whites could vote again.

• By 1874, all but 3 southern states had been “redeemed.”

The End of Reconstruction

• By 1877, Democrats had regained control of all of the Southern state Governments.

• People in the North have grown tired of Reconstruction.

• Corruption scandals hurt the Republican party.

• The Presidential election of 1876—between Rutherford B. Hayes and Samuel Tilden--is disputed.

• Democrats agree to let Hayes (a Republican) win if he agrees to remove the troops from the South.

South after Reconstruction

• Called the “New South”

• Most blacks can’t vote.

• Most blacks are poor sharecroppers.

• Almost all whites are Democrats (the “Solid South”).

• Segregation beings —separate facilities for blacks and whites (Jim Crow Laws).

Review

• What was the cause of the sectional tension between the North and the South that eventually led to the Civil War?

• Who won the Civil War?

• Who was President of the North?

• Who was President of the South?

• Who were “scalawags”?

• Who were “Redeemers”?

• Who were “Carpetbaggers”?

• Who were the KKK?

• How did the Redeemers regain control of southern state governments?

• What was the controversy surrounding the presidential election of 1876?

• How did the election of 1876 officially end reconstruction?

• Describe the South after Reconstruction ended?

• Was Reconstruction a success or failure?

KKK