MOBILE CLOUD COMPUTING

Submitted By:Pooja Sharma162413

MOBILE USERS IN INDIA

Source: Report by Internet and Mobile Application of India

BUSINESS THROUGH MOBILE DEVICES

RESEARCH THROUGH MOBILE DEVICES

4- REASONS for Using Mobile Cloud Computing

•The brain of your service is in Cloud• Easier to share content and asset• Easier to maintain the data• More immune to crashes and deletions

What is Mobile Cloud Computing?

• Mobile cloud computing is the combination of cloud computing and mobile networks to bring benefits for the mobile users, network providers as well as cloud providers.

• MCC at its simplest , refers to an infrastructure where both the data storage and data processing happen outside of the mobile device.

Why Mobile Cloud Computing?• Mobile devices face many resource challenges(battery life,

storage, bandwidth etc.)• Cloud computing offers advantages to users by allowing them

to use infrastructure, platforms and software by cloud providers at low cost and elastically in an on-demand fashion.• MCC provides mobile users with data storage and processing

services in clouds, obviating the need to have a powerful device configuration (e.g. CPU speed, memory capacity etc.) , as all resource-intensive computing can be performed in the cloud.

MCC Characteristics

• Scalability• Reliability• Security• Reduced Cost• Reduced Maintenance

Mobile Cloud Services

MCC Architecture

MCC Architecture• Mobile devices are connected to the mobile networks via base

stations that establish and control the connections and functional interfaces between the networks and mobile devices.• Mobile users’ requests and information are transmitted to the central

processors that are connected to servers providing mobile network services.• The subscribers’ requests are delivered to a cloud through the

Internet. • In the cloud, cloud controllers process the requests to provide mobile

users with the corresponding cloud services.

IBM Mobile Cloud Service

Amazon Mobile Cloud Service

Advantages

• Extending battery lifetime• Improving data storage capacity and processing power• Improving reliability and availability• Dynamic Provisioning• Scalability• Multi-tenancy• Ease of Integration

Advantages

• Extending battery lifetime:• Computation offloading migrates large computations and complex

processing from resource-limited devices (i.e., mobile devices) to resourceful machines (i.e., servers in clouds).

• Remote application execution can save energy significantly.• Many mobile applications take advantages from task migration and

remote processing.

Advantages

• Improving data storage capacity and processing power:• MCC enables mobile users to store/access large data on the cloud.• MCC helps reduce the running cost for computation intensive

applications.• Mobile applications are not constrained by storage capacity on the

devices because their data now is stored on the cloud.

Advantages

• Improving reliability and availability:• Keeping data and application in the clouds reduces the chance of lost on

the mobile devices.• MCC can be designed as a comprehensive data security model for both

service providers and users:• Protect copyrighted digital contents in clouds.• Provide security services such as virus scanning, malicious code detection,

authentication for mobile users.• With data and services in the clouds, then are always(almost) available

even when the users are moving.

Advantages

• Dynamic provisioning:• Dynamic on-demand provisioning of resources on a fine-grained, self-service basis• No need for advanced reservation

• Scalability:• Mobile applications can be performed and scaled to meet the unpredictable user

demands• Service providers can easily add and expand a service

Advantages

• Multi-tenancy:• Service providers can share the resources and costs to support a

variety of applications and large no. of users.

• Ease of Integration: • Multiple services from different providers can be integrated easily

through the cloud and the Internet to meet the users’ demands.

MCC Applications• Mobile Commerce:• M-commerce allows business models for commerce using mobile

devices.• Examples: Mobile financial, mobile advertising, mobile shopping…• M-commerce applications face various challenges (low bandwidth,

high complexity of devices, security, …)• Integrated with cloud can help address these issues• Example: Combining 3G and cloud to increase data processing speed

and security level.

MCC Applications

• Mobile Learning:• M-learning combines e-learning and mobility• Traditional m-learning has limitations on high cost of devices/network,

low transmission rate, limited educational resources• Cloud-based m-learning can solve these limitations• Enhanced communication quality between students and teachers• Help learners access remote learning resources• A natural environment for collaborative learning

MCC Applications

• Mobile Healthcare:• M-healthcare is to minimize the limitations of traditional medical treatment (eg.

Small storage, security/privacy, medical errors, …)• M-healthcare provides mobile users with convenient access to resources(eg.

medical records)• M-healthcare offers hospitals and healthcare organizations a variety of on-

demand services on clouds• Examples:

• Comprehensive health monitoring services• Intelligent emergency management system• Health-aware mobile devices (detect pulse-rate, blood pressure, level of alcohol etc)

MCC Applications

• Assistive technologies:• Pedestrian crossing guide for blind and visually-impaired• Mobile currency reader for blind and visually impaired• Lecture transcription for hearing impaired students

• Other applications:• Sharing photos/videos• Keyword-based, voice-based, tag-based searching• Monitoring a house, smart home systems

MCC Issues• Mobile communication issues:• Low bandwidth: One of the biggest issues, because the radio

resource for wireless networks is much more scarce than wired networks

• Service availability: Mobile users may not be able to connect to the cloud to obtain a service due to traffic congestion, network failures, mobile signal strength problems.

• Security & Privacy: Users are worried about the vulnerability to attacks, when information and critical IT resources are outside the firewall.

MCC Issues

• Heterogeneity: Handling wireless connectivity with highly heterogeneous networks to satisfy MCC requirements (always-on connectivity, on-demand scalability, energy efficiency) is a difficult problem. To solve this problem IRNA(Intelligent Radio Network Access) is built up.

MCC Issues

• Computing issues:1.Computation offloading: It is critical to determine whether to

offload and which portions of the service codes to offload.2.Security3.Enhancing the efficiency of data access.4.Context-aware mobile cloud services.

Types of offloading

• Depending on material being offloaded1.Data Offloading: Data are migrated from one congested

network to another network.2.Computational Offloading: An expensive computational

process is migrated from the mobile device to the server with cloud to improve performance and battery life.

Types of offloading

• Depending On Approaches To Time Reduction1.Fine-Grained Offloading (Partial Offloading)2.Coarse-Grained Offloading (Full Offloading)

Offloading Methods

• Current discusses offloading methods in three main directions:

1.Client-Server communication methods2.Virtualization3.Mobile Agents

Offloading Methods

MAUI• MAUI (Mobile Assistance Using Infrastructure) is designed by Microsoft

for Windows phones, which uses the Microsoft .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR).• MAUI is a system that enables fine-grained energy-aware offload of

mobile code to the infrastructure. • MAUI uses the benefits of a managed code environment to support

fine-grained code offload to maximize energy savings with minimal burden on the programmer.• MAUI decides at runtime which methods should be remotely executed,

driven by an optimization engine that achieves the best energy savings possible under the mobile device’s current connectivity constrains.

CloneCloud• Mobile applications such as virus scanning, image search with face

recognition and privacy preserving advertisement are demanding more memory space and processing power from cloud to speed up the system and reduce energy consumption.• CloneCloud applies primarily to application layer virtual machines

(VMs), such as the Java VM, DalvikVM from the Android Platform, and Microsoft’s .NET. It chooses application-layer VMs since they are widely used in mobile platforms.• CloneCloud support one mobile device with one clone. To support full

concurrency between the mobile devices and clones, this will add new features such as thread synchronization and on-demand object paging.

ThinkAir• ThinkAir is a framework that makes it simple for developers to migrate

their smartphone applications to the cloud. ThinkAir exploits the concept of smartphone virtualization in the cloud and provides method-level computation offloading.• Advancing on previous work, it focuses on the elasticity and scalability of

the cloud and enhances the power of mobile cloud computing by parallelizing method execution using multiple virtual machine (VM) images.• ThinkAir has been developed for Java and has been based on Android. It

eliminates the limitations induced from CloneCloud by combining the approaches from MAUI and CloneCloud. However, it does not eliminate the induced overhead due to the provisioning of virtual machines.

Cloudlets• A cloudlet is a mobility-enhanced small-scale cloud datacenter

that is located at the edge of the Internet.• The main purpose of the cloudlet is supporting resource-

intensive and interactive mobile applications by providing powerful computing resources to mobile devices with lower latency.• It is a new architectural element that extends today’s

cloud computing infrastructure. It represents the middle tier of a 3-tier hierarchy: mobile device - cloudlet - cloud. A cloudlet can be viewed as a data center in a box whose goal is to bring the cloud closer.

Open Issues and Challenges

• Task Division• Data delivery• Low Bandwidth• Energy-efficient transmission• Live VM migration issues• Concurrency and Synchronization

Offloading in the Future

Forecast of mobile data growth (a) Mobile data traffic (b) Cellular traffic and offload traffic Source: Cisco VNI Mobile, 2015

(a)

(b)

References

• M. Satyanarayan, “Fundamental Challenges in Mobile Cloud Computing,” Proceedings ACM Symposium Principles of distributed Computing, ACM Press, 1996.

• M. L. Powell, B.P. Miller (1983) Process migration in demos/mp. ACM SIGOPS Oper Syst Rev 17(5):110–119

• M. Shanklin, “MobilE CLOUD COMPUTing” [Online].Available:http://www.cse.wustl.edu/_jain/cse574-10/ftp/cloud/index.html#sec32

• N. Kaushik et.al, A Literature Survey on Mobile Cloud Computing: Open Issues and Future Directions, International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science ISSN:2319-7242 Volume 3 Issue 5 may, 2014 Page No. 6165-6172

• D. Sahu, “Cloud Computing in Mobile Applications”, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 8, August 2012 1 ISSN 2250-3153

• K. Ha et al, Cloud Offload in Hostile Environments, December 2011, CMU-CS-11-146• M. Armbrust et al., “A view of cloud computing”, Mag. Commun. of the ACM, vol. 53,

no. 4, 2010.