MOBILE COMMUNICATIONSHistory of mobile communication protocols and some practical usage of mobile communications

Polytehnic of Zagreb Department of Electrical Enginering

Marko Idžan

Content of this presentation•GSM•CDMA•3G•4G/LTE•Other communications protocols used on smartphones•Using mobile communications for location detection•Speedtests of 2G, 3G and 4G Networks•Questions

GSM•Global System for Mobile Communication•GSM is trademark owned by GSM Association•Developed in Europe by Europe Telecommunications Standards Institute•Widely used – about 80% of market share

GSM logo

History of GSM

•1981 – started to work on Euoropean mobile communications protocolEuropean Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations(CEPT)•1986 – 900MHz spectrum selected•1987 – first GSM Technical Specifications•1989 – CEPT renamed to ETSI

History of GSM•1990 – Phase I specifications published•1991 – GSM expanded to 1800MHz spectrum•July 1st 1991 – first mobile call via Telenokia and Siemens operated by Radiolinja•1992 – first SMS was sent•1993 – Telecom Australia expanded GSM outside Europe•1995 – 1900MHz spectrum was reserved for GSM in USA

History of GSM

•1995 – SMS launched commercially•1996 – First pre-paid SIM cards•2000 – First launch of GPRS (2G Network)•2002 – First MMS sent•2005 – HDSPA First 3G networking on GSM specifications

How GSM Works

Mobile system Base Stations Subsystem GPRS Core

NetworkOperations Support System

CDMA

•Code Division Multiplication Protocol•W-CDMA•3G protocols•4G/LTE is based on W-CDMA specifications

History of CDMA

•Late 1990’s – Developed by NTT DoCoMo for FOMA (variant of 3G)•IMT-2000 one of specifications for worldwide 3G network•Lately renamed to UMTS•Qualcomm – first company which created 3G chips for CDMA (W-CDMA later)

3G

•HSDPA•UMTS (W-CDMA)•HSUPA•HSDPA+•Problem: battery drain on smartphones•Positive side: Network speed up to 15Mbps in download and 7.2Mbps in upload

4G/LTE

•Recently grow•Started using in 2010 (rare phones in US)•Huawei/ZTE most 4G chipsets made•Samsung most phones with 4G chipset inside•Problem: Uses more battery than 3G•Positive side: download speed up to 100Mbps in booth sides (upload and download)

Other mobile communication protocols

•WiFi•WiFiDirect Android•WiMAX US Only•NFC

Honorable mentions

Locating using mobile phone

•Inaccurate: Base stations registration and number detection•Accurate: Mobile networks (2G, 3G, 4G), WiFi and base stations registration•Precise: Mobile networks, base stations registration, WiFi and GPS

Location settings in Android KitKat

Speedtests of 2G, 3G and 4G networks

2G Network on Vipnet 3G Network on T-Mobile

4G Network on T-Mobile

Questions

•What is abbrevation for Global System for Mobile Communications?

•GSM

•Is GSM primarly european or American standard?

•European

Questions

•Which year was made a first call via GSM?

•1991

•CDMA is abbrevation for ...

•Code Division Multiplication Protocol

Questions

•Which year was made a first call via GSM?

•1991

•Which one is better for batery life on smartphones: 2G or 4G?

•2G

Questions

•Which company creates most of 4G chipsets?

•ZTE / Huawei

•Which one is better for locating your device: GSM only or GSM and GPS?

•GSM and GPS

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