Mobile DevicesBy Sayani Majumder

What is a Mobile Device?- What is a Smart Mobile Device?

Types of Mobile Devices Mobile Operating System

- Features of Mobile OS- Popular Mobile Operating Systems

Form Factors: Then & Now Recent Trends in Smart Device Accessories Mobile Device Security Positive Effects of Mobile Device Negative Effects of Mobile Device Some Key Features to Expect in the Future

Content

A mobile device is a small handheld and extremely portable computing device having a display screen with touch input or miniature keyboard.

What is a Mobile Device?

It is a device that has:

the ability to connect to the internet supports user input and interaction autonomous operationality offers multiple functionality light weight and small size

What is a Smart Mobile Device?

Types of Mobile Devices

Tablets

Wireless, portable personal computer Touch screen interface Form factor smaller than notebook but

larger than smartphone. Idea of tablet came from Alan Kay of Xerox

in 1971. First Widely sold tablet was Apple’s

Newton which was not a commercial success.

Most common type today is slate style e.g., Apple’s iPad, Microsoft’s Surface, Amazon Kindle Fire, etc.

E-book Readers

E-book is electronic version of traditional print book.

Have either an e-paper display or LCD display. e-paper or electronic paper usually displays in

black & white. It’s not backlit, so it’s not a trouble out in the

sun. Doesn’t support videos or other apps because

refresh rate is too low. LCD is the screen found in laptops and

computers. Coloured & versatile but more difficult to view

in bright sunlight.

Smartphones

Cellular device with integrated computer and other features not associated with telephones.

Has operating system, web browsing and ability to run software applications.

Either have a virtual keyboard or physical one.

First smartphone was IBM’s Simon, which was presented as a concept device at the 1992 COMDEX computer industry trade show.

A mobile operating system (or mobile OS) is a system software that manages the device’s hardware and software resources and provides common services for its programs.

Mobile Operating System

touchscreen cellular bluetooth WiFi GPS navigation camera

Features of Mobile OS

speech recognition voice recorder music player near field

communication infrared blaster

Along with the features of a personal computer, mobile OS also has

Popular Mobile Operating Systems

• Android is an open source, Linux-derived platform backed by Google Inc. along with major hardware and software developers.• It has the largest installed base worldwide on smartphones.• Currently Android Lollipop (Android 5.1.1) is available.

• A closed source platform.•.Built on open source Darwin core OS.• Earlier called iPhone OS is created and developed by Apple Inc.• Distributed exclusively for Apple Hardware such as iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch and second generation Apple TV.

• The third largest installed base on smartphones behind Android and iOS• From Microsoft.• It is a closed source and proprietary platform.

Some other prominent mobile OS are BlackBerry, Firefox OS, Sailfish OS, Tizen, Ubuntu Touch OS.

Others

RIM Blackberry(1,153)

iOS(48,08

6)

Android(271,010)

Windows Phone(8,198)

Others(1,129)

World wide Smartphone Sales (Q2 2015)

Gartner: World-wide smartphone sales (in thousands of units)

Form Factors: Then & Now

Also referred to as “candy bar”, this is the most basic of handset form factors.

The phone is rectangular in shape, and does not have any hinges or moving parts.

You’ll find a display screen and the standard set of number keys.

Depending upon the specific phone model, you may also find soft keys, ‘answer’ and ‘end’ buttons, and navigation keys.

The screen and all these keys are placed on the front of the device.

Since the keys are exposed, most phones using this form factor also provide a key- guard feature.

Bar

Most components including the screen and the keys are placed on the bottom half of the phone.

The top half is usually a plastic flap that folds on top.

Depending upon the phone model, the top half may contain a speaker and even a transparent window that enables the user to see a portion of the screen when the phone is closed.

The visible part of the screen displays the time and caller ID information.

Flip

The phone has two parts - one with the screen and speakers along with some keys, and the other half containing the main keypad.

However, instead of folding, the bottom half with the keypad slides out from under the top half.

This kind of design also allows the phone to be quite small.

Also, in most cases, you can perform certain operations such as answering and ending calls and accessing the phone book and call history without opening the slider.

Slider

This is the form factor which is in common use nowadays.

Smartphones, tablets, phablets, e-book readers, etc. have this kind of form.

A touchscreen or slate phone is a subset of the bar form that has few physical buttons, instead relying upon touchscreen and an onscreen QWERTY keyboard.

Touchscreen/Slate

Bluetooth keyboards, phone covers that double as keys, and styli (either built-in, or third-party, which you keep in your pocket) are growing in popularity and getting better too.

LG recently came up with a foldable and ultra-portable keypad which rolls itself to fit anywhere, called the LG Rolly.

The keypad houses a remarkable design and a feature that lets you roll the keypad into a cube, so it can be more portable when not in use.

Microsoft also has a foldable keyboard you can slip into your pocket, which works with Android and iOS.

Samsung's Note series of phones meanwhile has always made great use of the stylus, and Apple revealed the Apple Pencil recently as well, albeit it works with only one iPad model right now.

Recent Trends in Smart Device Accessories

There are different levels of security that a wireless network can provide.

Building on levels of security a network can provide, there are multiple types of encryption.

Mobile Device Security

The oldest and least secure of these different security levels is Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) (introduced in 1999).

This form of security for wireless networks is rarely used anymore due to its many security flaws.

WEP

Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) provides a more secure way of connecting to the network than WEP.

Two different modes exist, personal mode or preshared key (PSK) and enterprise or WPA-802.1X.

PSK is most often used in small offices and homes, since it is meant for small amount of users.

Enterprise mode means that the user is using a username and password, or digital certificate, to authenticate to a server rather than using a preshared key.

WPA

The 802.11i standard, or WPA2, was released in 2004 and improves on the security mechanisms that WPA uses.

WPA2 has the same two different modes that WPA has.

WPA2

Hashing is a technique used to secure a user’s password.

It is essentially a complicated algorithm. There are many different hashing

algorithms out there: SHA1, MD6, SHA256, etc.

Hashing

MS-CHAP is the Microsoft version of the Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP).

There are two versions of the protocol, MS-CHAPv1 and MS-CHAPv2.

MS-CHAPv1 is very weak and easy to crack but MS-CHAPv2 solves this disadvantage.

MS-CHAP

The working cycle of CHAP authentication. Once the link has been established, the authenticator sends a challenge message to the peer. Both the client and the server must know the challenge; in this case, “pizza.”

Positive Effects of Mobile Devices

They are lightweight, small size and portability.

We can stay with our loves ones anywhere anytime.

So, it is the best way of communication.

Communication Convenience

Mobile device is nothing but a complete portable entertainment devices.

It entertains us on the go. These devices have super impressive

features related to entertainment.

Entertainment

In both fields, it has become a compulsory gadget.

Students can access internet on the go, and thus can get knowledge of any topic they wish to.

The business persons can keep themselves updated with the markets, also they can stay n touch with their employees and clients.

Useful in Studies and Business

Negative Effects of Mobile Devices

Students are getting addicted to mobile phones.

They can be seen playing games or chatting.

It has become more of a waste of time.

Bad Impact on Studies

Many accidents happen because of mobile devices.

These have resulted in dangerous driving. It has bad impact on health too. Harmful rays of damage our health.

Accident & Health Issues

Some Key Features to Expect in the Future

The term ‘augmented reality’ or AR when used in the context of computer technology refers to what we perceive through our senses (usually sight) enhanced through the use of computer-generated sensory input such as sound, video, graphics and GPS data.

Augmented Reality

It is the technology of OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) in which screens can be folded and unfolded. This paper-thin screen can even project from both sides of the screen.

Flexible Screens

Using a built-in DLP (Digital Light Projection), WVGA projectors can project device’s screen to 50 inches in size at 15 lumens.

Samsung Galaxy Beam was released back in the second half of 2010 with similar technology.

In-Built Projector

The interest with voice control for computers and especially smartphones has always been there since the pioneer MIT research, "Put That There" studied different ways to communicate with computers in 1980.

Voice control exists in many devices, such as Siri in Apple devices. Research has been made to advance the development of voice control. That, combined with gestures may bring interactivity to a new level for smart devices and their users.

Seamless Voice Control

After Apple’s ‘Retina display’ which can actually provide a resolution that is sharper than what the human eye can perceive, companies are moving from 2D to 3D screens.

At present, we have a couple of 3D smartphones in the market, such as the LG Optimus 3D, the Motorola MT810 as well as the very first Samsung AMOLED 3D.

3D Screens & Holograms

Holographic projections will mean a combination of 3D screen devices and projections from the it.

According to Mobiledia Network, MasterImage 3D had previously showcased their ongoing development on a projection system that allows smartphones to display 3D holograms at the annual Mobile World Congress.

Mobile Devices: Tools & Technologies by Lauren Collins and Scott R. Ellis

Digit Fast Track to Mobile Telephony Gartner Inc. website searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com www.hongkiat.com

References

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