mobile technology - u3a web...

Mobile technology

Simon Rogerson

U3A Buxton Science Group

15 February 2013

© Simon Rogerson 2013

Source: http://www.slideshare.net/thandaiah/mobile-communication-intro


The Technology


• Charles Alden invented the “vest pocket telephone” in 1906

• 1st mobile telephone calls were made from cars in 1946

• 1st hand-held mobile phone was demonstrated in 1973

• 1st commercially available mobile in 1983

• Then the explosion!


Source:http://www.unc.edu/~hbtiffan/index_files/Page384.html

Components


Source: http://www.slideshare.net/pratikaloni/analysis-of-1g-2g-3g-4g


Source: Pachauri, Akhilesh Kumar, and Ompal Singh. "5G Technology–Redefining wireless Communication in upcoming years.“International Journal of Computer Science and Management Research Vol 1 Issue 1 Aug 2012 pp.12-19

5G concepts

Includes:

• Real wireless world with no more limitation with access and zone issues

• Wearable devices with AI capabilities.

• One unified global standard.

• Pervasive networks providing ubiquitous computing: where the user can simultaneously be connected to several wireless access technologies

• Cognitive radio technology allowing different radio technologies to share the same spectrum efficiently


utility of the information age

• Consider a new paradigm

o New governance

o Universally available

o Free at point of service

o Small commercial proposition replaced by global utility model

o New pricing models


The numbers game


Global view

Key Global Telecom Indicators for the World Telecommunication Service Sector in 2011 (all figures are estimates)

Global Developed

nations

Developing

nations Africa

Arab

States

Asia &

Pacific CIS Europe

The

Americas

Mobile cellular

subscriptions (millions) 5,981 1,461 4,520 433 349 2,897 399 741 969

Per 100 people 86.7% 117.8% 78.8% 53.0% 96.7% 73.9% 143.0% 119.5% 103.3%

Fixed telephone lines

(millions) 1,159 494 665 12 35 511 74 242 268

Per 100 people 16.6% 39.8% 11.6% 1.4% 9.7% 13.0% 26.3% 39.1% 28.5%

Active mobile broadband

subscriptions (millions) 1,186 701 484 31 48 421 42 336 286

Per 100 people 17.0% 56.5% 8.5% 3.8% 13.3% 10.7% 14.9% 54.1% 30.5%

Fixed broadband

subscriptions

(millions)

591 319 272 1 8 243 27 160 145

per 100 people 8.5% 25.7% 4.8% 0.2% 2.2% 6.2% 9.6% 25.8% 15.5%

Source: International Telecommunication Union (November 2011) via: mobiThinking


http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/statistics/at_glance/KeyTelecom.html

http://mobithinking.com/mobile-marketing-tools/latest-mobile-stats

Source: info-graphic from Microsoft Tag


Use


Source: © Simon Rogerson 2013

Source: info-graphic from Microsoft Tag


Event reporting: Riots

• No-one riots alone

• Riots are only possible when large numbers of people both share and see each other as sharing the same antagonisms and [motivations]

• Leads to the issue of technology as an enabler

Stephen Reicher Professor of Psychology at the University of St. Andrews


Sources: http://crave.cnet.co.uk/mobiles/blackberry-messenger-twitter-and-facebook-blamed-for-london-riots http://wallblog.co.uk/files/2011/08/riotBBMmessage.jpg


http://crave.cnet.co.uk/mobiles/blackberry-messenger-twitter-and-facebook-blamed-for-london-riots

















http://wallblog.co.uk/files/2011/08/riotBBMmessage.jpg

UK Riots


“Welcome to the 24/7 world of crisis mapping, where texts, tweets, emails, and mobile phone photos and videos meet the world's most highly respected, official players in humanitarian response. [Patrick]Meier is bringing the two worlds together for the first time, connecting an explosion of social media and satellite imagery with the United Nations, U.S. Marines and Coast Guard, the World Health Organization, Amnesty International, and other groups that can mobilize help when the worst crises hit.”

Event reporting: Crisis mapping

Source: February 2013


Twitter Dashboard for Disaster Response

• Over 20 million tweets were posted during Hurricane Sandy o Manually processing disaster tweets is becoming increasingly difficult and

unrealistic

• Creation of Twitter dashboard to identify and classify

o Contain informative content (in contrast to personal messages or

information unhelpful for disaster response);

o Are posted by eye-witnesses (as opposed to 2nd-hand reporting);

o Include pictures, video footage, mentions from TV/radio

o Report casualties and infrastructure damage;

o Relate to people missing, seen and/or found;

o Communicate caution and advice;

o Call for help and important needs;

o Offer help and support

• An enriched crisis map created


People


Teenagers and Mobiles • mobile phone is a fluid spatial process and a communal

process

• teenagers’ relationship with the mobile phone evolves o impacts on communication and social patterns and managing relations

• locational and socio-economic conditions influence the teenagers’ ability to engage o not traditional digital divide

o access to and use of broadband-enabled Web 2.0 applications

• “evolution in the teenagers’ communication practices was occurring fastest where locational and, especially, socio-economic conditions were most favourable”

Anthony Cawley, Deirdre Hynes, (2010),"Evolving mobile communication practices of Irish teenagers", Aslib Proceedings, Vol. 62 Iss: 1 pp29-45


Texting circles

• well-defined and close-knit groups of contacts with whom

texters regularly, sometimes continuously, exchange messages

• girls’ networks o friendship pairs

o relatively independent one-to-one attachments,

o separately monitored and cultivated through “friendship work” and

regular social contact

• boys’ networks

o coherent units with a strong sense of group identity and membership

o clubby atmosphere of “all for one, and one for all”

o a single, jocular text addressed to the whole group maintains a coherent

social unit.

Source: Fraser J.M. Reid, Donna J. Reid, (2004),"Text appeal: the psychology of SMS texting and its implications for the design of mobile phone interfaces", Campus-Wide Information Systems, Vol. 21 Iss: 5 pp. 196 – 200


Mental Health

• Commercial third places o “customers who gather with their commercial friendships in places such as

diners, beauty shops, bookstores, and fast-food outlets often receive a

consistent supply of life enhancing social support in their time of need”

• Some people (often the young) now opt to turn to IM services

to instantaneously and affordably access their socially

supportive relationships from any place in the world

• Problems for those who are “always on,” in constant contact

with their friends through IM, mobile phones, and social

network sites

• Excessive usage may cause users to experience negative

symptoms associated with internet addiction and ADHD

Source: Mark S. Rosenbaum, IpKin Anthony Wong, (2012),"The effect of instant messaging services on society's mental health", Journal of Services Marketing, Vol. 26 Iss: 2 pp. 124 – 136


Smart phone dependency

• Social needs have the strongest effect on dependence

• Social influences are also important

• Convenience has little impact on dependence

• Dependence impacts on purchase behaviour

• This is only a study of students in Malaysia

Source: Norazah Mohd Suki, (2013),"Students' Dependence on Smart Phones: The Influence of Social Needs, Social Influences and Convenience", Campus-Wide Information Systems, Vol. 30 Iss: 2 (Date online 21/2/2013)


Digital Natives & Digital Immigrants

• Digital Native o individuals who were born in the age of digital

technology such as the Internet and mobile phones

o an always-on culture

• Digital Immigrants o individuals who were born before the existence of

digital technology and adopted it to some extent later

in life

o Still got “non digital accents” e.g. turning to the

Internet for information second rather than first

Source: Marc Prensky. Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants. 2001


Diagram Source: http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eZubgw503wI/T1Evf1bJXLI/AAAAAAAAAEU/9ck9Qjhp7ho/s1600/digital-natives-copy.jpg

Comparison

Digital Immigrant: Lots Of Love Digital Native: Laugh Out Loud


Cultural Impediments


Usability & Aesthetics

• Korean and US users have different value structures that affect

overall attitudes, intentions, and satisfaction o impacts on the adoption of smart phones

• Korea

o perceived aesthetic with perceived enjoyment

• USA

o perceived usability with perceived quality

Source: Dong-Hee Shin, (2012),"Cross-analysis of usability and aesthetic in smart devices: what influences users' preferences?", Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, Vol. 19 Iss: 4 pp. 563 – 587


Individual restraint

• integrated within Japanese society

• self-regulation and individual restraint can work o creates acceptable use in public places

• conscious of disturbing others while making calls

o cover their mouth while speaking on their phones in public

• text or e-mail before engaging in a voice call

• extending the time of “co-presence” through texting

• Japanese people less formal with each other

Source: Lara Srivastava, (2004),"Japan's ubiquitous mobile information society", info, Vol. 6 Iss: 4 pp. 234 – 251


And finally …


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