mobilizing ar4d partnerships to improve access to critical animal-source foods
DESCRIPTION
Presented by Tom Randolph at a GCARD 2 Pre-Conference Meeting, Punta de Este, Uruguay, 27 October 2012TRANSCRIPT
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Mobilizing AR4D partnershipsto improve access to critical animal-
source foods
Tom Randolph
GCARD 2 Pre-Conference MeetingPunta de Este, Uruguay, 27 October 2012
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The flow
1. How we have framed the context for the Program
2. Our approach: what is different
3. The critical role of development partnerships
4. The development partnership challenge
(and our objective today!)
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The challenge
Can research accelerate livestock and aquaculture development to benefit the poor?
o Mixed record to date
o Systematic under-investment
o Also related to our research-for-development model?
Focus of new CGIAR Research Program
o Increase productivity of small-scale systems
o ‘by the poor’ poverty reduction
o ‘for the poor’ food security
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Correcting perceptions
1. Animal-source foods are a luxury and bad for health, so should not promote
2. Small-scale production and marketing systems are disappearing; sector is quickly industrializing
3. Livestock and aquaculture development will have negative environmental impacts
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Our underlying hypothesis
Livestock and Blue Revolutions: accelerating demand in developing countries as urbanization and incomes rise
Industrial systems will provide a large part of the needed increase in supply to cities and the better-off in some places
But the poor will often continue to rely on small-scale production and marketing systems
If able to respond, they could contribute, both increasing supplies and reducing poverty
…and better manage the transition for
many smallholder households
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Managing the transition
Estimates for smallholders in Africa and Latin America (Wiggins 2012; Dorward 2009) :
Can 2/3 be enabled to develop into commercial producers, accumulate capital and transition out of agriculture? deeper rural economic growth avoid social disruption
(Johnston et al. 1995)
1/3 Will ‘step up’ to become commercial farmers
1/3 Will ‘step out’ and work for other, go to the city
1/3 Could go either way
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But productivity gap remains despite investment in livestock development
Biomass is calculated as inventory x average liveweight. Output is given as carcass weight.Source: (Steinfeld et al 2006)
Africa Latin America South Asia Industrialized Countries
0.060.08
0.03
0.17
0.06
0.11
0.04
0.2
Meat (kg output/kg biomass/yr)
1980 2005
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But productivity gap remains despiteinvestment in livestock development (2)
Source: (Steinfeld et al 2006)
Africa Latin America South Asia Industrialized Countries
4111021
517
4226
3971380
904
6350
Milk (kg/cow/yr)
1980 2005
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annual growth rate of aquaculture 2007-2015 needed to satisfy fish demand
source: Cai (2011)
Aquaculture lagging too
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A smarter approach?
Drawing from recent experiences, can we accelerate research to impact?
Objective of new CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish
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Goal
More milk, meat and fish by and for the poor
To sustainably increase the productivity of small-scale livestock and fish systems to increase the availability and affordability of animal-source foods for poor consumers and, in doing so, reduce poverty through greater participation by the poor along the whole value chains for animal-source foods.
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Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers
Past research has focused specific aspectsof given value chains, commodities and country.
Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers
...in Country A
Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers
Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers
...in Country D
...in Country C
...in Country B
Basic Idea: Solution-driven R4D to achieve impact
Traditional approach was piecemeal
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Strategic L&F CRP Cross-cutting Platforms• Technology Generation• Market Innovation• Targeting & Impact
Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers
R4D integrated to transform selected value chains In targeted commodities and countries.
Value chain development team + research partners
GLOBAL RESEARCH PUBLIC GOODS
INTERVENTIONS TO SCALE OUT REGIONALLY
#1: Addressing the whole value chain
Major intervention with development partners
Approach: Solution-driven R4D to achieve impact
#2+3: Working directly to impact at scale with development partners
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#4 Focus, focus, focus! Working in only 9 target value chains
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Status
Partnership of 4 CGIAR Centers ILRI WorldFish Center CIAT ICARDA
Officially started January 1st, 2012
Engaging with partners
Consolidating ongoing activities, and developing strategy by component and value chain
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Program Management $5.6m
Technology Development
$43.3mValue Chain Development
$20.9m
Targeting, Gender and Im-
pact$13.3m
Institutional Overhead
$16.3m
3-year Budget Envelope by Component
2/3’s funding securedTOTAL Approved = US$99.6m
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How we are visioning the evolving roles of development partnershipApproach: Solution-driven R4D to achieve impact
Year 1 Year 8-12Program horizon in a target value chain
Rela
tive
degr
ee o
f inv
olve
men
t Research partners
Development partners
AssessmentMobilization
Best bets
ExperimentsEvaluationEvidence
DesignPiloting
LessonsContext
AdvocacyDissemination
Attracting investment
Implementing large-scale
interventions
Knowledge partner
Along the Impact Pathway
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Different types of partners will be needed…Approach: Solution-driven R4D to achieve impact
Year 1 Year 8-12Program horizon in a target value chain
Rela
tive
degr
ee o
f inv
olve
men
t Research partners
Development partners
NARS
CGIAR
Private Sector SMSE Commercial
Local NGO/CBOs Community development Livestock/aquaculture Inputs/services
International NGOs
Universities
Producer organizations
ARIs
Media
Consumer lobbies
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Different modalities…Approach: Solution-driven R4D to achieve impact
Year 1 Year 8-12Program horizon in a target value chain
Rela
tive
degr
ee o
f inv
olve
men
t
Research partners
Development partners
NARS
CGIAR
Private Sector SMSE Commercial
Local NGO/CBOs Community development Livestock/aquaculture Inputs/services
International NGOs
Universities
Producer organizations
ARIs
Media
Consumer lobbies
• Work as an alliance with common objective
• Establish long-term strategic partnership
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The AR4D Partnership Challenge
‘Partnership’ often form of subcontracting
Recent experiences highlight difficulties Different motivations, ways of measuring success Different ways of working: timeliness, definition of
evidence
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The AR4D Partnership Challenge Development view of Research partners
Too slow, inefficient Imposes own solution, doesn’t listen Extractive, doesn’t feed back Doesn’t share credit
Research view of Development partners Executes a formula without analysis No rigorous evaluation, so limited ‘learning’ Driven by the anecdotal
Identified as a ‘critical success factor’ to achieve impact in our program
Head of Development Partnership as member of management team
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Our objective today
Analyse what makes AR4D partnerships work/fail How do their incentives to partner align/differ? How do their expectations align/differ?
What principles, processes, modalities help create healthy partnership?
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Output: a partnership strategy Purpose: create and nurture effective partnership
between research and development actors for an accelerated AR4D process to achieve impact at scale
Strategic objectives: what will success look like? Number of partnerships established meeting
criteria? % of funds mobilized by development partners Development partners sharing in governance?
Critical success factors: Ex. Articulating a common purpose
Actions?
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CGIAR is a global partnership that unites organizations engaged in research for a food secure future. The CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish aims to increase the productivity of small-scale livestock and fish systems in sustainable ways, making meat, milk and fish more available and affordable across the developing world.
CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish
livestockfish.cgiar.org