modal verbs
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Modal Verbs
Why, when, and how touse them.
![Page 2: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
A special type of auxiliary verb;
They alter or complete the meaning of themain verb;
They express ideas such as capacity,possibility, obligation, permission, prohibition,probability, supposition, request, and desire.
They can also indicate the level of formality inthe conversation.
They do not take “s” for the third personsingular.
Main caracteristcis
![Page 3: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
CAN, COULD, MAY, MIGHT, MUST, SHALL, WILL, SHOULD,
OUGHT TO, and WOULD.
Main modal verbs
![Page 4: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
One of the most commonly usedmodals in English. It can expressideas such as capacity,permission or request.
CAN
![Page 5: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Examples:
She can speak French. (capacity)
He can come in now. (permission)
Can you lend me your pen, please? (request)
![Page 7: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
It expresses possibility,past ability as well assuggestions and requests.
COULD
![Page 8: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Examples:
Extreme rain could cause the river to flood the city (possibility)
John could run very fast when he was younger (past ability)
![Page 10: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
We could go to an ice-cream parlor or stay home and watch a movie. (suggestion)
Could I use your cell phone for a moment? (request)
![Page 11: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
It is most commonly used toexpress possibility. It canalso be used to give or askfor permission.
MAY
![Page 12: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Maria may be at school or at home. (possibility)
May he leave the room with me? (asking for permission)
Yes, he may leave the room with you. (giving permission)
Examples:
![Page 14: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
It is more commonly used toindicate possibility. However, itcan also be used to makesuggestions or requests; this isa rare use, though.
MIGHT
![Page 15: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Examples:
Your backpack might be under the desk. (possibility)
You might go to the Bodódromo during your visit. (suggestion)
Might I open the door? (request – British standard)
![Page 17: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
It can be used to talk about certainty,that is, something you are almostsure is true. Moreover, it can be usedto talk about obligation, prohibition,necessity or strong recommendation.
MUST
![Page 18: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Examples:
She must be sick. She never gets late to school. (probability)
Students must pass an entrance examination to study at this school. (necessity)
![Page 20: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
You must drink a lot of water to protect your voice. (strong recommendation)
Sarah, you must always do your homework. (obligation)
![Page 21: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
It indicates a future action. It ismore commonly used with the firstperson singular and plural (I andwe) often found in suggestions,promises, or predestinations.
SHALL
![Page 22: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Examples:
Shall we set the table? (suggestion)
I shall never leave your side. (promise)
She shall become our next queen. (predestination)
![Page 24: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
It is more commonly used to talk aboutfuture situations. Nonetheless, it canalso be used to talk about the presentwhen we want to make a request. It isalso used in situations in which wemake instant decisions.
WILL
![Page 25: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Examples:
I will call you later. (future action)
Will you close the window, please? (request)
I loved that T-shirt! I’ll take it. (instant decision)
![Page 27: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
This modal is more commonlyused to give recommendationsor advices. It can also be usedto talk about obligation as wellas expectation.
SHOULD
![Page 28: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Examples:
When you have many classes, you should take a bottle of water with you. (recommendation)
You should focus more on your assignments. (advice)
![Page 30: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
I should be at work before 7pm. (obligation)
At this moment, they should already be in New York. (expectation)
![Page 31: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
It is used to advise or makerecommendations. It can also expressassumption, expectation, or strongprobability when the context impliesthat something is deserved.
OUGHT TO
![Page 32: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Examples:
She ought to stop eating red meat. (recommendation)
Sam ought to get a promotion. (expectation – because he deserves it)
![Page 34: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Those apartments ought to increase in value due to the construction of the new mall. (assumption)
You ought to know. (Alanis Morissette’s1995 hit “You Ought to Know”.
![Page 35: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
It is more commonly used tocreate conditional verb tenses.In addition, it can be used tomake offers, requests, and talkabout past habits.
WOULD
![Page 36: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Examples:
If I were you, I would not do that again. (2nd conditional)
Would you like some cake? (offer)
![Page 38: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Would you turn down the volume, please? (request)
We would swim in the dam for hours when we were kids. (past habits)
![Page 39: Modal Verbs](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031918/55ab78731a28ab99278b465c/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Other modals which can be used to make conditional sentences: could, might, will and should.
If I knew her name, I might tell.I could have told you the truth if you had listened to me. If I should see him, I’ll give him the message.