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IT: Computer Maintenance: Subnetting Plan Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2011. All rights reserved.

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Lesson Plan Course Title: Computer Maintenance

Session Title: Subnetting

Lesson Duration: Lesson length is subjective and will vary from instructor to instructor

Performance Objective: Upon completion of this assignment, the student will be able to calculate networks and assign IP addresses based on their findings. Specific Objectives:

• Define terms associated with the lesson. • Identify various classes of networks. • Identify the formula associated with each class. • Calculate the number of subnets. • Calculate the number of hosts. • Identify the increment. • Identify the network number for each subnet. • Identify the broadcast number for each subnet. • Identify the usable range for each subnet. • Identify the default and subnet masks.

Preparation

TEKS Correlations: §130.273. Computer Maintenance (One to Two Credits). (1) The student demonstrates the necessary skills for career development, employability, and successful completion of course outcomes. The student is expected to:

(C) employ effective reading and writing skills; (D) employ effective verbal and nonverbal communication skills;

(3) The student applies academic skills to the requirements of computer technologies. The student is expected to:

(D) Interpret appropriate documentation such as schematics, drawings, charts, diagrams, technical manuals, and bulletins.

(4) The student acquires an understanding of computer technologies. The student is expected to:

(G) describe the architecture of various computer systems; (6) The student applies the concepts and skills of the trade in simulated work situations. The student is expected to:

(C) identify the operational features and proper terminology related to computer systems; (7) The student uses hardware design, operation, and maintenance knowledge and skills to


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provide computer support. The student is expected to: (A) identify the purpose and function of computer components in the operation of the

computer system such as central processing unit, mother board, sockets, chipsets, basic input and output system and their drivers, memory, hard drive technologies, video cards, input and output devices and ports, and modem and network interface cards (NIC);

(11) The student installs, configures, and verifies active network connection. The student is expected to: (A) demonstrate an understanding of network connection and interface requirements

Instructor/Trainer References: www.howstuffworks.com Resources from ESC Region XI – Forth Worth, TX Instructional Aids:

• Subnetting PowerPoint Presentations • Subnetting Quizzes 1-3 • Subnetting Quizzes 1-3 Keys • Practice Labs 1-7 • Practice Labs 1-7 Keys • Subnetting Chart • Subnetting Chart, Class C • Addressing Guide • Subnetting Guide

Materials Needed:

• Multiple copies of Subnetting Chart and Subnetting Chart – CLASS C for each student. Equipment Needed:

• A projection system to display the PowerPoint Presentation • A white board to demonstrate subnetting

Learner Students should read the appropriate curriculum material for Subnetting, depending on the text/curriculum being used for the course. This lesson can be taught with only the PowerPoint presentation, and the equipment outlined above.

Introduction

MI Introduction (LSI Quadrant I):

SAY: The Internet and our private networks have almost depleted our supply of IP addresses.

ASK: Why do we need to subnet? [To utilize and maximize the number of IP

addresses available to us]


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ASK: What is a subnet mask used for? [It is used by the computer to determine the

network address to which you are sending data.]

Outline

MI Outline (LSI Quadrant II): Instructor Notes:

I. Introduction to Subnetting A. Explain the different classes of addresses B. Define the address ranges C. Describe the purpose of subnetting D. Recognize the network and broadcast

addresses E. Define the subnet and host formulas F. Explain the ANDing process G. Explain private and reserved addresses H. Demonstrate the subnetting process

Note: Instructors can use the PowerPoint slides, handouts, and note pages in conjunction with the following outline.

Application

MI Guided Practice (LSI Quadrant III):

• The teacher demonstrates how to subnet. • The teacher provides guidance when warranted.

MI Independent Practice (LSI Quadrant III):

Students work individually on lab assignments, demonstrating their skills in identifying and creating various subnets. Labs 1-7: Subnetting Scenarios

Summary

MI Review (LSI Quadrants I and IV):

Q: How many subnets are created when a class C borrows 3 bits? A: 23 (8) -2 = 6 subnets Q: What process is used to find the network address of a destination? A: ANDing process

Evaluation

MI Informal Assessment (LSI Quadrant III):

Monitor student progress during independent practice and provide independent re-teach/redirection as needed.

http://www.tandi.unt.edu/curriculum/lessons/compmaint/esd/esdnote.pdf


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MI Formal Assessment (LSI Quadrant III, IV):

Subnetting Quiz 1-3 and Subnetting Quiz 1-3 Keys

Extension

MI Extension/Enrichment (LSI Quadrant IV):

Students that have mastered the lab assignments can peer-tutor students (one-on-one) that are having difficulty with understanding the concepts of subnetting.


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Icon MI Teaching Strategies Personal Development Strategies

Verbal/ Linguistic

Lecture, discussion, journal writing, cooperative learning, word origins

Reading, highlighting, outlining, teaching others, reciting information

Logical/ Mathematical

Problem-solving, number games, critical thinking, classifying and organizing, Socratic questioning

Organizing material logically, explaining things sequentially, finding patterns, developing systems, outlining, charting, graphing, analyzing information

Visual/Spatial

Mind-mapping, reflective time, graphic organizers, color-coding systems, drawings, designs, video, DVD, charts, maps

Developing graphic organizers, mind-mapping, charting, graphing, organizing with color, mental imagery (drawing in the mind’s eye)

Musical/ Rhythmic

Use music, compose songs or raps, use musical language or metaphors

Creating rhythms out of words, creating rhythms with instruments, playing an instrument, putting words to existing songs

Bodily/ Kinesthetic

Use manipulatives, hand signals, pantomime, real life situations, puzzles and board games, activities, role-playing, action problems

Moving while learning, pacing while reciting, acting out scripts of material, designing games, moving fingers under words while reading

Intrapersonal

Reflective teaching, interviews, reflective listening, KWL charts

Reflecting on personal meaning of information, studying in quiet settings, imagining experiments, visualizing information, journaling

Interpersonal

Cooperative learning, role-playing, group brainstorming, cross-cultural interactions

Studying in a group, discussing information, using flash cards with others, teaching others

Naturalist

Natural objects as manipulatives and as a background for learning

Connecting with nature, forming study groups with like-minded people

Existentialist

Socratic questions, real life situations, global problems/questions

Considering the personal relationship to the larger context


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SUBNETTING LAB #1 Given an IP Address:

1. Determine the Class of each given network. 2. Determine how many bits you must borrow to create the desired number of

subnets (if applicable). 3. Determine the possible and usable subnets 4. Determine how many possible and usable hosts you have in each subnet. 5. Determine the Default Mask. 6. Determine the Subnet Mask. 7. Determine the IP address range (increment) of each subnetwork. 8. Determine the network and broadcast address for each useable subnetwork. 9. Determine the usable range for each subnetwork.

1. 199.63.111.6 Create 3 subnetworks. 2. 201.100.4.8 Create 8 subnetworks. 3. 205.99.5.117 Borrow 5 bits.


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SUBNETTING LAB #1 - KEY Given an IP Address:

1. Determine the Class of each given network. 2. Determine how many bits you must borrow to create the desired number of

subnets (if applicable). 3. Determine the possible and usable number of subnets 4. Determine the possible and usable number of hosts. 5. Determine the Default Mask. 6. Determine the Subnet Mask. 7. Determine the IP address range (increment) of each subnetwork. 8. Determine the network and broadcast address for each useable subnetwork. 9. Determine the network and broadcast address for the entire network.

1. 199.63.111.6 Create 3 subnetworks.

1. C 7. 255.255.255.0 2. 3 8. 255.255.255.224 3. 23 (8) –2 = 6 9. 256 – 224 = 32 4. 23 (8) –2 = 6 10. 199.63.111.0 5. 25 (32) –2 = 30 11. First and Last of each subnet 6. 25 (32) –2 = 30 12. 199.63.111.0 & 199.63.111.255

2. 201.100.4.8 Create 8 subnetworks.


3. 205.99.5.117 Borrow 5 bits.



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SUBNETTING LAB #2

Solve these problems and include; subnet works, label networks, address interfaces and allow for future growth. Subnet Mask __________________________________

The network below has a class C network (193.24.5.0) and needs 4 subnets with 20 nodes per subnet. In the next 10 years management expects an addition of 3 users per subnet.

S1

S0 S1

S0

E0

SN1 SN2 SN3

E0 SN4


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SUBNETTING QUIZ #1 1. You have a network ID of 192.168.55.0 and you need to divide it into multiple

subnets. You need 25 hosts for each subnet, with the largest amount of subnets available. Which subnet mask should you assign?

A. 255.255.255.192 B. 255.255.255.224 C. 255.255.255.240 D. 255.255.255.248

2. You have a Class C network address divided into three subnets. You will need to

add two subnets in the next two years. Each subnet will have as many usable hosts as possible. Which subnet mask should you assign?

A. 255.255.255.0 B. 255.255.255.192 C. 255.255.255.224 D. 255.255.255.248

3. If you have Class C address with a 26-bit subnet mask, how many subnets and

how many hosts do you have?

A. 8190 subnets, 126 hosts. B. 2 subnets, 62 hosts. C. 524,286 subnets, 30 hosts. D. 65,234 subnets, 63 hosts.

4. If you have a Class C network with a 28-bit subnet mask, how many subnets and


A. 1022 subnets, 62 hosts. B. 62 subnets, 8190 hosts. C. 14 subnets, 14 hosts. D. 254 subnets, 126 hosts.

5. You need to come up with a TCP/IP addressing scheme for you company. Which

two factors must you consider when you define the subnet mask for the network?

A. The number of subnets on the network. B. The number of hosts on each subnet. C. The volume of network traffic on each subnet. D. The location of DNS servers. E. The location of default gateways.


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SUBNETTING QUIZ #1 – KEY 1. You have a network ID of 192.168.55.0 and you need to divide it into multiple

subnets. You need 25 hosts for each subnet, with the largest amount of subnets available. Which subnet mask should you assign?

A. 255.255.255.192 B. 255.255.255.224 C. 255.255.255.240 D. 255.255.255.248

2. You have a Class C network address divided into three subnets. You will need to

add two subnets in the next two years. Each subnet will have as many usable hosts as possible. Which subnet mask should you assign?

A. 255.255.255.0 B. 255.255.255.192 C. 255.255.255.224 D. 255.255.255.248

3. If you have a Class C with a 26-bit subnet mask, how many subnets and how

many hosts do you have?

A. 8190 subnets, 126 hosts. B. 2 subnets, 62 hosts. C. 524,286 subnets, 30 hosts. D. 65,234 subnets, 63 hosts.

4. If you have a Class C network with a 28-bit subnet mask, how many subnets and


A. 1022 subnets, 62 hosts. B. 62 subnets, 8190 hosts. C. 14 subnets, 14 hosts. D. 254 subnets, 126 hosts.

5. You need to come up with a TCP/IP addressing scheme for you company. Which

two factors must you consider when you define the subnet mask for the network?

A. The number of subnets on the network. B. The number of hosts on each subnet. C. The volume of network traffic on each subnet. D. The location of DNS servers. E. The location of default gateways.


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Subnetting Quiz #2 1. Subnet the network number 198.2.4.0 with 3 bits of subnetting (borrow 3 bits).

A. What is the subnet mask? B. What is the first usable subnet address?

C. What is the last usable subnet address?

2. Subnet the net number 213.22.0.0 by borrowing 5 bits.

A. What is the subnet mask? B. How many sub-networks are possible?

C. What is the network address for the 3rd subnet? D. What is the broadcast address for the 8th subnet? 3. Subnet the network number 212.6.121.0 into 8 sub-networks.

A. What is the subnet mask? B. How many users are possible per subnet?

C. What is the range of the 2nd subnet? 4. Subnet the network number 192.2.0.0 into 5 sub-networks of 25 users.

A. What is the subnet mask?

B. What class address is this? C. What is the range for the 5th subnet? 5. Subnet the network number 196.0.0.0 into 56 subnets.

A. What is the subnet mask?

B. What class address is this? C. How many useable hosts are on each subnet?


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SUBNETTING QUIZ #2 - KEY 1. Subnet the network number 198.2.4.0 with 3 bits of subnetting (borrow 3 bits).

A. What is the subnet mask? 255.255.255.224 B. What is the first usable subnet address? 198.2.4.32

C. What is the last usable subnet address? 198.2.4.224

2. Subnet the net number 213.22.0.0 by borrowing 5 bits.

A. What is the subnet mask? 255.255.255.248 B. How many sub-networks are possible? 25 (32) – 2 = 30

C. What is the network address for the 3rd subnet? 213.22.0.24

D. What is the broadcast address for the 8th subnet? 213.22.0.73 3. Subnet the network number 212.6.121.0 into 8 sub-networks.

A. What is the subnet mask? 255.255.255.224 B. How many users are possible per subnet? 25 (32) – 2 = 30

C. What is the range of the 2nd subnet? 212.6.121.65-212.6.121.94 4. Subnet the network number 192.2.0.0 into 5 sub-networks of 25 users.

A. What is the subnet mask? 255.255.255.

B. What class address is this? C C. What is the range for the 5th subnet? 192.2.0.161-192.2.0.190 5. Subnet the network number 196.0.0.0 into 56 subnets.

A. What is the subnet mask? 255.255.255.252

B. What class address is this? C C. How many useable hosts are on each subnet? 22 (4) – 2 = 2


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IP SUBNET CHART

1. How many bits did you borrow?

2. How many usable subnets did you create?

3. How many usable hosts are on each subnet?

4. What is the Subnet Mask? Subnet Number Network Address Usable Range Broadcast Address


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Subnetting Fundamentals

Class Range Formula Default Mask

A 0-127 N.H.H.H 255.0.0.0

B 128-191 N.N.H.H 255.255.0.0

C 192-223 N.N.N.H 255.255.255.0

1. Determine the Class of an address. 2. Determine How many bits you must borrow (if applicable). 3. Determine the possible and usable nuber of subnets.

2(B) – 2 = Usable Subnets 4. Determine the possible and usable number of hosts.

2(U) – 2 = Usable Hosts 5. Determine the Default Mask. 6. Determine the Subnet Mask 7. Determine the increment. (Increment = Possible Number of Hosts) 8. Determine the Network and broadcast address for each subnetwork.9. Determine the useable range for each subnetwork.

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