Carbon Capture & StorageReliable cost effective CO2

shipping through statistical modelling

The HagueNovember 1st, 2011

Cees van der Ben

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This document and all information contained herein are the property

of

CINTRA

It may not be copied or used without the written permission of

CINTRA

Note

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1. CCS & Rotterdam

2. CINTRA logistic concept

3. Rotterdam as a hub location

4. CINTRA current project status

5. The logistic chain’s model

6. Results & Conclusions

Content

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Rotterdam Climate Initiative (RCI) city region CO2 reduction targets

-50%

vs 1990

by 2025

� CCS plays a mayor role in the Dutch national reduction targets in general and in the Rotterdam targets in particular.

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NW-Europe allows for short links between sources and sinks

Several depleted gas fields become available and in due time incl. future aquifers: 50+ years of storage capacity for Europe.

Large scale CCS: when?

Coal CCS: € 75 /ton 2020 -2025

•

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Until then: pilots through subsidies: EERP, NER300 etc.

Driving down costsSharing infra structure: simultaneously handling CO2

from multiple parties

Combining CO2 flows lies in the nature of CCS:

Power generation is responsible for 65%* of all green house gas emissionsOECD/IEA Ref. Scenario 2006 2030

Total [TWh] 18921 33265 (+76%)

Coal 41% 44%

Nuclear 15% 10%

Renewables 18% 23%

���� Majority of sources are comparable regarding:

• Flow & conditions

• Compositions

• Characteristics

• Demands

*): Reference Scenario in 2005 & 2030: resp. 61% & 68 % in CO2 eq. terms

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CINTRA CO2 Hub concept

• Bulk making/breaking for off shore CO2 storage• Intermediate Storage• Combine and link pipeline systems and barging/shipping routes: 4 routes• Provide independent custody transfer metering for Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS)• Network building block (at rivers and coast lines)• Optimum CO2 : -50 ˚C, 7 bara

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Rotterdam potential sinks

� Rotterdam ideally located for North Sea distribution� Enough emitters for a launching scheme and good hinterland connection� Dutch sinks are all within the 400 km range (>650 Mton)� Rotterdam is Europe’s largest harbour

� Contacts with various (EOR & non-EOR) sink operators in the North Sea

K12B

Taqa

300 Mton CO2

capacity

40 Mton CO2

capacity

EORProjects

CO2 from other ports

Other

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CINTRA Partners:Providing a one stop shop

from Capture flange to Storage well head

• On & off shore pipeline transportation

• Third part access

• Liquefied CO2 shipping to off shore sink

• Connecting to off shore offloading facility (buoy)

• On board gas conditioning up to sink requirements

• Liquefaction at the Emitter’s

site or at the CO2 Hub

• Temporary Storage of CO2

• (Un)loading vessels

• Custody transfer metering

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CO2 Hub Concept Advantages

• Good scalability: cost effective launching scheme

• Reliable: Multiple emitters & sinks in 1 system

• Cost reduction: enhanced oil recovery

• No NIMBY: no onshore pipelines and storage

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CINTRA current project status

Dan

CINTRA

Dan Field on the Danish sector of the North Sea is operated by Maersk Oil & Gas AS on behalf DUC –Dansk UndergrundsConsortium.

CINTRA’s launching scheme:• CO2: 1.5 million tonnes per

annum (MTA)• Rotterdam � Denmark• Sink: Enhanced Oil Recovery

(EOR)

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CINTRA’s Launching Scheme

Schedule:– Letter Of Intents (LOI) in place: Q4 2011– Final Investment Decision (FID): Q4 2012– Ready For Operation (RFO): Q4 2015

Expected hub 2025 throughput: total 18 MTA of which 7 MTA via barge

Coal fired power plant On shore pipeline Terminal Sink-post combustion capture -25km - 2.0 MTA liquefaction - Operating oil field-1.1 MTA -40 bar - 20 kcbm Liquid CO2 storage - Waterflooding ongoing Hydrogen plant - Dense well grid- cryogenic capture Ships - Injectivity tests coming up- 0.4 MTA - 2 X 12kcbm ships - 1 extra platform module

- onboard conditioning (p, T) - 2 STL buoys

Coal fired power plant

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CO2 Hub Location

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Sink: Maersk’s Dan Field

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Logistic chain: options & modelling

• Chain requirements:

– Upstream: ensure reliable CO2 take off at the emitters

– Down stream: ensure reliable CO2 availability at oil well

• Cases:

– A: 2 ships + 2 buoys -> one ships stays at the buoy for 1 week before the next one comes

– B: 1 ship + permanent off shore storage (either a floater or a platform)

• Question: which case is favoured when looking at

– Chain requirements:

• Annual amount of CO2 captured & stored

• % of time CO2 is available at oil well

– Required tank volumes on shore and off shore

– Required ship sizes

• Additional points of interest:

– Nr. offloading stoppages in winter time

– Capture & liquefaction units’ design capacity

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The Arena Model

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COAL FIRED PWR PLNT (CFPP)

Model details:• Tank tier system included• Workability based on real metocean data & vessel design• Component’s operational flexibility has been modelled• Maintenance schemes & unplanned down times of all

chain components

Emitters Onshore On shore terminal Shipping Off shore Oilpipeline (liquefier & tanks) off loading well

CFPP

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Case differences

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Case A:

Case B:

CFPP

CFPP

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Weather data

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Workability spread per month: tough winter conditions

Workability histogram

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Results & Conclusions

� CINTRA launching scheme:• Case A:

– CO2 shipping and off loading in rough wave climate can be performed in a reliable manner: off shore storage is not mandatory.

– Two buoys at sea are required to ensure steady operations.– Larger ships improve the uptime but do not significantly decrease the

number of oil production interruptions.

• Case B:– Off shore storage will only slightly improve the CO2 availability

(96 -> 98%) but will reduce number of oil production stoppages from 12 times/year to almost never.

– Off shore storage capacity beyond 20,000 m3 is ineffective.– Reserving 15% of the onshore storage for the Air Liquide being the

smallest emitter will allow for decreasing its capture unit’s design capacity.

� General:– Arena is suitable for modelling such a logistic chain.– This model needs to be kept up to date after initial start-up in order to

scope any chain debottlenecking as emitters & sinks are added to the system.

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THANK YOU

QUESTIONS?