modeling the goal argumentation method by a. j. jansen
TRANSCRIPT
Introduction
Goal Argumentation Method For justifying goal modeling decisions
Definition of GAM: A method to model the arguments and choices made
in the Requirement Engineering processes for Information Systems.
Purpose of GAM:- To prevent loss of modeling reasons over time or in big
projects- To provide a structured form for the reasoning proces in
requirement engineering
AuthorsIvan J. JuretaPHD University of NamurResearch focus on method engineering and automation 222 citations on Microsoft Academic Search
Stépahn FaulknerAssociate Professor at the University of NamurResearch focus on Technologies and Information Systems Engineering338 citations on Microsoft Academic Search
Pierre-Yves Schobbens Professor at the University of NamurResearch focus on on requirement engineering and model driven engineering847 citations on Microsoft Academic Search
The Goal Argumentation Method
Problem Statement
Alternatives
Alternative Justification
Diagram Change
Problem analysis
Evaluation
DecissionProblem Setting
Related Literature 1/2 Curtis B. (1988) Conclusion: Lack of documentation of
RE arguments is a large cause for project failure. Castroa J. K. M. (2002) provided a widely accepted
method in RE: the Tropos Method Lourdas P.,(2000) provided a reasoning loop model Chesñevar C.I. (2000) provided a way to abstract the
arguments to a logical model Dardenne A. (1993) provided a way to convert these
abstracted arguments to code
Related Literature 2/2
Pohl (1994) states that a RE method should have at least three dimensions: the specification dimension the representation dimension the argumentation dimension
Related methods CobiT (Martínez M., 2010) and the KAOS method (Darimont R., 1997)
PDD
Diagram change
Evaluate
Problem setting
Accept justified alternative
Add alternatives to the dialectial tree
[More undefeated trees exist]
[else]
[more problems occured during the
process]
[else]
I-STAR STRATEGIC RELATION DIAGRAM
ALTERNATIVE
PROBLEM STATEMENT
INTERMEDIARY LANGUAGE CODE
OUTPUT generates
DIALECTICAL TREE MAP
Set Problem
DIALECTICAL TREE
LABEL
ARGUMENT
DescriptionSupport value
solves
11
1..*
1
1
1..*
1
1..*
1
1
1
1
1
Write intermediary language code for the undefeated tree
JUSTIFIED DIALECTICALTREE
results in
1
Generate the associated I-Star SR diagram
Add arguments to the dialectical tree
Label the dialectical trees
Is rewritten to
1
Create a dialectical tree for the problem statement
1..*
UNDEFEATEDDEFEATED
c
SITUATIONAL PROBLEM CASE
1
0..*
based on
Stakeholder
Stakeholder
Stakeholder
Stakeholder
Stakeholder
REQUIREMENT1 1..*
Values1..*
1
GAM
ExampleA professor wants to build a service, in which he offers the lectures, that he and his department give, online. This is in case students are “ill” and through this have to miss a lecture. However, this should not cost too much, since budget cuts also hit the university…
GAM Light: Decission Process
1.Alt1: Film lectures. 1.Alt2: Audio record lectures.
1.Alt1Arg1+: Good quality lectures for students.
1.Alt1Arg2-: Relatively expensive equipement needed.
1.Alt1Arg3-: Difficult to arrange due bureaucracy at University.
1.Alt2Arg1-: Less quality but together with slides it is sufficient.
1.Alt2Arg2+: Audio device is relatively cheap.
1.Alt2Arg3+: Audio device is easy to acquire.
1.Alt2Arg4+: Some lecturers already has positive experience with audio devices.
1.Just2: Alt2 is preferred to Alt 1 by the stakeholders, because they consider it to require less effort and less budget.
PS2: Which audio device should be acquired?
PS3: The use of the device should be promoted.
PS6: Shouldn’t there be a budget estimate that would take into account user friendliness and effort in use?
…
…
…
PS1: Sick students should be able to view lectures in a cost effective way online.
1.Alt2Arg5+: Audio is easier to put online.
1.Alt2Arg6+: Audio recording requires little skill.
PS5: Lectures should acquire skills on how to record audio.
…
PS4: Web space should be available for the audio recordings …
GAM Normal: Dialectical Tree Map
aquire_audiorecording_skills(lecturer)
easy_to_put_online(lecturer)
post_on_website(lecturer)
slides(lecturer)
provide_course_with_audio(lecturer)
audiorecording(lecturer)
< T2, provide_course_with_audio(lecturer) >
U
<T1, provide_course_with_film(lecturer)>
D
provide_course_with_film(lecturer)
post_on_website(lecturer)
cheap_to_use(lecturer)
easy_to_aquire(lecturer)
easy_to_aquire(lecturer)
filmrecording(lecturer)
easy_to_put_online(lecturer)
¬cheap_to_use(lecturer)¬easy_to_aquire(lecturer)
GAM Advanced: Advanced Dialectical tree
do(aquire_audiorecording_skills(lecturer))
optimize(easy_to_put_online(lecturer))
do(post_on_website(lecturer))
provide(slides(lecturer))
depend(student, provide_course_with_audio(lecturer))
provide(audiorecording(lecturer))
optimize(cheap_to_use(lecturer))
optimize(easy_to_aquire(lecturer))
optimize(easy_to_aquire(lecturer))
GAM-Tropos Translation Rules Examples
task(aquire audiorecording skills)do(aquire_audiorecording_skills(lecturer)
Acquire skills on how to record audio
provide(slides(lecturer)) resource(slides) slides
Labeled well-formed formulas in a dialectical tree
Intermediary language Element in a Tropos Goal Diagram
+
Lecturer
Provide audio online
Post on website
Student
Cheap to use
Acquire skills on how to record audio
Course website
Slides
Record Audio
Audio records
+
easy to aquire
provide slides online
+
Tropos RE Diagram
References Curtis B., K. H. (1988). A Field Study of the Software Design Process for
Large Systems. Communications of the ACM, 1268-1287. Castroa J., K. M. (2002). Towards Requirement-Driven Information
Systemens Engineering: The Tropos Project. Information Systems 27, 365-389.
Chesñevar C.I., M. A. (2000). Logical Models of Arguments. ACM Computer Serveys 32, 32-41.
Dardenne A, v. L. (1993). Goal-directed requirements acquisition. Science of Computer Programming volume 20, 3-50.
Darimont R., D. E. (1997). GRAIL/KAOS: An Environment for Goal Driven Requirement Engineering. ICSE '97 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Software engineering (pp. 612-613). New York: ACM Inc.
Lourdas P., a. L. (2000). A Generic Model for Reflective Design. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology, Vol. 9, 199-237.
Martínez M., L. J.-M. (2010). A Personal Data Audit Method through Requirements Engineering. Computer Standards & Interfaces, 166–178.