modelling impacts of oil-shale mining on groundwater resources in the slantsy region, russia
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Modelling impacts of oil-shale mining on groundwater resources in the Slantsy region, Russia. Jussi Leveinen, Boris Aneshkin, Francois Blanchard, Michael Staudt, Gijs Van den Dool, Svetlana Sapon, Olga Kruglova. Narva Groundwater Management Plan. Life TCY –project - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
1Jussi Leveinen, Maegs 15
Modelling impacts of oil-shale mining on groundwater resources in the Slantsy region,
Russia Jussi Leveinen, Boris Aneshkin, Francois Blanchard, Michael Staudt, Gijs Van den Dool, Svetlana Sapon, Olga Kruglova
2Jussi Leveinen, Maegs 15
Narva Groundwater Management Plan
• Life TCY –project
St Petersburg Geological Expedition
BRGM
GTK
FFEM
(Fonds Francais Environment Mondial)
3Jussi Leveinen, Maegs 15
Potential pollution sources in Slantsy
Underground mining of Kukersite and dumiping of mine wastes: 1930-2004
Oil-shale processing (Kiviter technolgy) and combustion for energy 1955-2004
Other industries, transport, municipal solid and liquid wastes, agriculture
4Jussi Leveinen, Maegs 15
Current pollution
• Mining stopped 2004 – dewatering pumping continues– possible new start of activites?
• No oil-shale processing for fuel in Slantsy – Processing of imported coke for paints and varnishes etc.
• Improved information on the current pollution situation is available
• Main concerns on mine water and dewatering:– Can mine water be used as a source of drinking water?– What happens if the dewatering pumping is stopped?
5Jussi Leveinen, Maegs 15
Past industrial releases
• No active mining or oil-shale processing!
– different pollution today that in the near past
• Limited information on past releases and production rates
• Limited analytical information– Figures relative to MPC– Analytical methods and their
detection limits– Number of chemical
components analysed
6Jussi Leveinen, Maegs 15
Chemicals of concern
• Phenols, heavy metals, sulphates • Mine dewatering and leachates from mining dumps
• oxidation of sulphides • other geochemical processes• phenols
– Oils shale processing (Kiviter technology) and combustions for energy• Industrial waste water, leachates from ash and semicoke dumps and settling
ponds
– Municipal sewage waters and solid wastes• Human metabolism=> phenols, nitrates, bacteria
– Live stock farming• Animal metabolism=> phenols, nitrates, bacteria
– Traffic • Fuels and petroleum products including phenol releases
7Jussi Leveinen, Maegs 15
Release scenarios
The Risk Assessment Reports European Chemical BureauPrepared in the context of Council Regulation (EEC) No. 793/93 on the evaluation and control of existing substance
Phenol(draft Cd-document)
Estonian studies of Kiviter-processing and environmental emissions
e.g Kamenev I., Munter R., Pikkov L. and Kekisheva L., 2003 Wastewater treatment in oil-shale chemical industry. Oil Shale, 20,4, 443-457.
Russian data on local annual use of oil shale
1.4 million tons/a in 1990-1994
WWTPPhenol canal
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3D model of stratigraphical main units
Boundary of Mid/Upper Ordovician Kukruse/Uhaku-stage (Kukersite)
Lower Ordovician/Cambrian including Dictyonema Oil Shale (DOS)
Ordovician karstic limestones
Devonian aquifers and aquitards
Cambrian clay(aquiclude) overlying cross-border aquifers
9Jussi Leveinen, Maegs 15
Model area
• Hydrological flow accumulation model (enhanced digital elevation model)
• A 3D MODFLOW (HUF) multilayer groundwater flow model for the Slantsy-area
• Main stratigraphical layers from C-O to Q with 7 model-grid layers
• Scenario modelling:– pumping as before– pumping stops (no remediation)– phenols, sewage, heavy metals– possible means for remediation
Main area of interest for modelling under task 3
10Jussi Leveinen, Maegs 15
Drawdown around the mine area
• Conservative estimates of flow rates
Capture zone
80-year travel paths from C-O and O to the mines
Mine dumpsTop
Top of Ordovician
End points of 80-year flow paths from the top entering to the Ordovician systems
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What this all means…
– Polluted groundwater under Slantsy-town is subsiding towards the mine – Indications of pollutants (phenol, nitrate, heavy metals) already observed
in the mine water– Groundwater from overlying deposits entering sulphide bearing
Ordovician limestones and oilshale layers• Oxidation of sulphides releasing sulphates in extensive area but pH-buffered
by carbonates• Changing ion strengths and redox-conditions=> ion-exchange, desorption,
dissolution of heavy metals such as Cd, Cr • Hazardous concentrations reached without AMD
– Full impacts not yet detectable in mine discharges– Chemical quality of groundwater/minewater definitely not stable
12Jussi Leveinen, Maegs 15
When dewatering is stopped what will happen…
• Hydraulic heads recover• Groundwater will become diverted
to flow laterally to rivers and other surface water bodies
• Impacts of past releases and activites can emerge after long time
• Impacts to aquatic ecosystems (rivers, lakes) can be predicted poorly relying on existing environmental data
• In Slantsy: significant risks for current water management (relying on surface water resources)
13Jussi Leveinen, Maegs 15
Conclusions
• Strategy development for mine closure– State-of-art assessment of environmental impacts during
hydrogeological recovery • integrated water management tools and hydrogeological models
– human and ecological risk assessment– impacts/implications for water supply
– Feasibility of active and passive remediation methods• constructed wetlands in discharge areas• biochemical (bacterial processes) in mine water treatment• monitored natural attenuation
– Implementation and update plan• maintanance of monitoring and remediation in post-mining socio-
economical conditions