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MODELLING IN THE NATIONAL BANK OF TAJIKISTAN Dec 09, 2015 Bangkok Khurshed Ismatulloev 10.12.2015 1

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Page 1: MODELLING IN THE NATIONAL BANK OF TAJIKISTAN · 2015. 12. 17. · REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN •Population: 8,3 million (UN, 2014) •Capital: Dushanbe •Area: 143,100 sq km (55,251

MODELLING  IN THENATIONAL BANK OF TAJIKISTAN

Dec 09, 2015 Bangkok

Khurshed Ismatulloev

10.12.2015 1

Page 2: MODELLING IN THE NATIONAL BANK OF TAJIKISTAN · 2015. 12. 17. · REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN •Population: 8,3 million (UN, 2014) •Capital: Dushanbe •Area: 143,100 sq km (55,251

REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN

•Population: 8,3 million (UN, 2014) •Capital: Dushanbe•Area: 143,100 sq km (55,251 sq.

miles) •Languages: Tajik-State language,

Russian-language of the interethniccommunication

•Major religion: Islam•Life expectancy: 66 years (men), 75

years (women) (UN) •Monetary unit: 1 Tajik somoni = 100

dirams•Main exports: Aluminium, electricity,

cotton, fruit, textiles, gold•GDP per capita: US $1036.0 Internetdomain: .tj•International dialling code: +992

10.12.2015 2

Page 3: MODELLING IN THE NATIONAL BANK OF TAJIKISTAN · 2015. 12. 17. · REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN •Population: 8,3 million (UN, 2014) •Capital: Dushanbe •Area: 143,100 sq km (55,251

Phase I

2013•Econometric training

Phase II

2013

•Broadening understanding of Monetary Economics

Phase III

2014

•Medium‐term forecasting using Mantis Scenario Builder

Development of modelling and forecasting in the National bank of Tajikistan

10.12.2015 3

Page 4: MODELLING IN THE NATIONAL BANK OF TAJIKISTAN · 2015. 12. 17. · REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN •Population: 8,3 million (UN, 2014) •Capital: Dushanbe •Area: 143,100 sq km (55,251

All for short term inflation forecast:

Development of mod…

1. •ARIMA model

2. •VAR model 

3. •VEC model10.12.2015 4

Page 5: MODELLING IN THE NATIONAL BANK OF TAJIKISTAN · 2015. 12. 17. · REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN •Population: 8,3 million (UN, 2014) •Capital: Dushanbe •Area: 143,100 sq km (55,251

Mantis as a first step to get acquainted with structural models

• Mantis prepares “baseline” forecast on a quarterly basis and offers an online Scenario Builder tool to create alternative scenarios

• Pros– Baseline forecast:

• comprehensive review of economic developments over the quarter• most likely scenario forecast based on the developments• overview of risks to the baseline

– Scenario Builder:• possibility of adjusting the baseline scenario online• save, report, and compare scenarios online• download databases with different scenarios

• Cons– Scenario Builder:

• limited number of pre‐defined scenarios and shocks• limitations on NTF assumptions (i.e. NTFs can only be changed within a certain  

range)• no possibility of changing the model structure or model calibration• limited flexibility in changing a specific single shock assumptions

10.12.2015 5

Page 6: MODELLING IN THE NATIONAL BANK OF TAJIKISTAN · 2015. 12. 17. · REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN •Population: 8,3 million (UN, 2014) •Capital: Dushanbe •Area: 143,100 sq km (55,251

Current subproject

Phase I

2015

• Developing internal FPAS capacity (agreed)

Phase II

2016

•Strengthening internal and developing external FPAS capacity (possible)

Phase III

2016

• Strengthening external FPAS capacity (possible)

10.12.2015 6

Page 7: MODELLING IN THE NATIONAL BANK OF TAJIKISTAN · 2015. 12. 17. · REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN •Population: 8,3 million (UN, 2014) •Capital: Dushanbe •Area: 143,100 sq km (55,251

QPMmodelA canonical gap model ‐simple model sufficient to describe basic workings of monetary transmissions Aggregate demand –IS Curve Aggregate supply –Phillips Curve Uncovered   interest rate parity (simple/extended) Policy rule –Taylor Rule

Work horse at many central banks Developed countries: Bank of Canada, Reserve Bank of New Zealand, Switzerland

Emerging economies: Czech Republic, Serbia, Ukraine, Georgia, Romania, Colombia, Peru, Guatemala, Botswana

10.12.2015 7

Page 8: MODELLING IN THE NATIONAL BANK OF TAJIKISTAN · 2015. 12. 17. · REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN •Population: 8,3 million (UN, 2014) •Capital: Dushanbe •Area: 143,100 sq km (55,251

Why we chose QPM model?

Quantity of transition variables

Quality of model (forecast)

ARIMA

VAR

VEC

QPM

DSGE

10.12.2015 8

Page 9: MODELLING IN THE NATIONAL BANK OF TAJIKISTAN · 2015. 12. 17. · REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN •Population: 8,3 million (UN, 2014) •Capital: Dushanbe •Area: 143,100 sq km (55,251

Our model… Distinguishes between the observed value and a trend (≈ steady‐state value of the system)

It’s very easy to understand and explain to people Forward‐looking Model consistent expectations of …

• Inflation • Exchange rate

Policy analysis Central bank is part of the model

Open structure Expert views may be easily incorporated

10.12.2015 9

Page 10: MODELLING IN THE NATIONAL BANK OF TAJIKISTAN · 2015. 12. 17. · REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN •Population: 8,3 million (UN, 2014) •Capital: Dushanbe •Area: 143,100 sq km (55,251

Ideal transmission mechanism

Shockshitting theeconomy

SR interestrate

LR interest rates

Ex rate

Financial shocks:Foreign ratesPortfolio changes

Demand shocks:Foreign demand

Fiscal policy

Inflation shocks:Indirect taxesEnergy prices

InflationRMCI Output gap

Inflation expectations

10.12.2015 10

Page 11: MODELLING IN THE NATIONAL BANK OF TAJIKISTAN · 2015. 12. 17. · REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN •Population: 8,3 million (UN, 2014) •Capital: Dushanbe •Area: 143,100 sq km (55,251

Building TJ model

• Distinguishing features:– Monetary policy operates through FX– Remittances

• real remittances gap in IS curve• real remittances gap in MP rule• real remittances trend growth in REER trend depreciation

• effective foreign output gap affects real remittances gap– Nominal IRs are residual in the UIP condition– External sector approximated by RU (representing all CIS region) and US (representing rest of the world)

10.12.2015 11

Page 12: MODELLING IN THE NATIONAL BANK OF TAJIKISTAN · 2015. 12. 17. · REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN •Population: 8,3 million (UN, 2014) •Capital: Dushanbe •Area: 143,100 sq km (55,251

Model extensions

• Decomposition of aggregate demand– C, I, G, X, M

• Decomposition of aggregate supply– Food, non‐food, and services Phillips curves– Relative prices

• Money demand• Fiscal side

– structural/cyclical deficit decomposition• Using different model calibrations for history and forecast

• Bayesian estimation of some model parameters

10.12.2015 12

Page 13: MODELLING IN THE NATIONAL BANK OF TAJIKISTAN · 2015. 12. 17. · REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN •Population: 8,3 million (UN, 2014) •Capital: Dushanbe •Area: 143,100 sq km (55,251

Deceleration of Russian economic growth;

Decreasing of remittances and aggregate demand.

Expectations:

Inflation level in 2015 ‐2016 will maintain in scope of projection (6.0 percent);

Exchange rate pressures’ risk and its influence to inflation will remain.

Forecast

10.12.2015 13

Page 14: MODELLING IN THE NATIONAL BANK OF TAJIKISTAN · 2015. 12. 17. · REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN •Population: 8,3 million (UN, 2014) •Capital: Dushanbe •Area: 143,100 sq km (55,251

Strengths

‐ Reform‐oriented, young, and ambitious management

‐ Recognition of the need for changes‐ Now we have good model

‐…

Weaknesses‐ Capacity constraints (lack of qualified staffs)‐ Backward‐looking monetary policy‐ Poorly working transmission mechanism

‐Weak communication (internal and external)‐ Low credibility, low transparency‐ Underdeveloped financial sector‐…

Opportunities‐ Increase of NBT’s independence‐ TAs in different areas‐NBT is not the first one to incorporate FPAS –build on the shoulders of others

‐ Starting from a low base (every step in right direction will have a big positive impact)‐…

Threats‐ Loosing momentum‐Getting sunk in bureaucracy ‐ Continuation of old practices

‐Weak economy (non‐diversified exports, strong dependence on remittances, low production base)‐…

External factors

NegativePositive

Internal factors

SWOT analysis

10.12.2015 14

Page 15: MODELLING IN THE NATIONAL BANK OF TAJIKISTAN · 2015. 12. 17. · REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN •Population: 8,3 million (UN, 2014) •Capital: Dushanbe •Area: 143,100 sq km (55,251

You are welcome…

THANKS for your attention!!!10.12.2015 15