modelling the canadian arctic and northern air quality using gem-mach wanmin gong and stephen...
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Modelling the Canadian Arctic and Northern Air Quality using GEM-MACH
Wanmin Gong and Stephen BeagleyScience and Technology BranchEnvironment Canada
1st NETCARE Workshop, University of Toronto, November 18 -19, 2013
Page 2 – April 19, 2023
Overview of the projectBackground:• The Arctic is recognized as one of the key areas of the globe, both in terms of its sensitivity to climate change, and by the increasing economic activity associated with the opening up of Arctic areas in a warming climate.• Under the approved Clean Transportation Treasury Board Submission, Environment Canada has committed to assess the health and environmental impacts of various air pollutants emitted from ships and potential abatement technologies.
Approach:• Building the Arctic AQ modelling capability based on the on-line GEM-MACH model• Assess the current GEM-MACH performance over the arctic region• Develop and test new parameterizations as needed/appropriate to represent physical and chemical processes for arctic conditions• Comprehensive evaluation of updated GEM-MACH model including the use of new measurement data from the special studies on both fixed and mobile platforms
Timeline:• short-term: delivery of the modelling platform and configuration to MSC/NPOD for scenario simulations (end of FY 2013/14).• longer term: a credible modelling tool to meet scientific research and policy needs for Canadian Arctic air quality (current and future environment).
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GEM-MACH (EC’s on-line AQ forecast model)• GEM: Global Environmental Multiscale – Environment Canada’s numerical
weather forecast model (global, NA regional, and hi-res configurations) with an extensive physics library.
• MACH: Modelling Air quality and CHemistry – chemistry and aerosol microphysics, including
– Gas-Phase Chemistry: ADOM-II (42 species, 114 reactions, Young & Boris solver)
– Aerosol representation: 2 size bins in the standard version (0 -2.5 mm, 2.5 – 10 mm) and 12 size bins (0.01-40.96 µm) in the new experimental version; 9 chemical species (SO4, NO3, NH4, EC, pOC, sOC, CM, SS, H2O)
– Aerosol dynamics/microphysics– Inorganic heterogeneous chemistry – Secondary organic aerosol chemistry– Cloud processing (aerosol activation, aqueous-phase chemistry, wet
removal of gas and aerosols)– Dry deposition for aerosol particles and gases. – Emissions: anthropogenic (national inventories from U.S, Canada, and
Mexico); on-line biogenic emission calculation (BEIS 3.09).
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Model setup and tests(for base year 2010)Model
GEM-MACH
2-bin version
12-bin version
Domain
Canadian Arctic
[considerations and constrains]
Emission (anthropogenic)
NA:
“2006” (2006 Canadian inventory and 2005 US inventory projected to 2011)
“2010” (2010 Canadian inventory incl. detailed Arctic marine emissions and 2011 US inventory)
Global (suppl):
Existing global GEM-MACH
2010 HTAP emissions
CBC
Default profiles:
Single profiles for each season (under “clean” or “dirty” condition)
“Climatology”:
Global GEM-MACH simulation for 2010 averaged to 4 3-month periods
MACC-IFS reanalysis:
Inness et al. 2013 (ACP) for 2010, daily average (from 3-hly data)
Enhanced srn CBC
operational GEM-MACH archives
Page 5 – April 19, 2023
Science modules and tests
• Dry deposition over ice and snow: representation of sea ice and revised dry deposition velocities over ice/snow (Helmig et al., 2007 ACP).
• Wet processing involving ice and snow: implementation of a new parameterization for below-cloud scavenging of size resolve aerosol by snow (Zhang et al., 2013 GMDD); ice and mixed phase cloud processing of gas and aerosols (ice nucleation, gas uptake by ice crystals, and partitioning during freezing/riming).
• Impact of wild fire emission (from NA) to the Arctic.
• Inclusion of ocean DMS emission and processing.
• Halogen chemistry??
• Other new processes??
Page 6 – April 19, 2023
Preliminary results – comparison with surface obs.
Page 7 – April 19, 2023
Impact of dry deposition over sea ice
2010 May averaged surface O3 conc. Difference in averaged O3 conc.
“Climate” CBC, new dry deposition over ice/snow (#1596)
New dry dep – old (#1596 - #1593), both with “Climate” CBC
Page 8 – April 19, 2023
Impact of chemical boundary conditions
Snap shot of surface CO conc. at 20 Z, 05/05/2010
“Climate” CBC (#1606) MACC-IFS CBC (#1613)
Page 9 – April 19, 2023
Preliminary results:Comparison with ozonesondes
0 1000 2000 3000 4000O zone (ppbv)
0100020003000400050006000700080009000
1000011000120001300014000150001600017000180001900020000
Geo
pote
ntia
l Hei
ght (
m)
obs
m odel w M ACC-IFS (r1613)
m odel w g lobal G -M "clim ." (r1596)
m odel w default pro files (r1512)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000O zone (ppbv)
0100020003000400050006000700080009000
1000011000120001300014000150001600017000180001900020000
Geo
pote
ntia
l Hei
ght (
m)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000O zone (ppbv)
0100020003000400050006000700080009000
1000011000120001300014000150001600017000180001900020000
Geo
pote
ntia
l Hei
ght (
m)
Alert, NU Eureka, NU Churchill, MB
2010/05/05 23:15 U TC 2010/05/05 23:15 U TC 2010/05/05 23:20 U TC
0 20 40 60 80O zone (ppbv)
0
1000
2000
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4000
5000
Ge
opot
entia
l Hei
ght (
m)
0 20 40 60 80O zone (ppbv)
0
1000
2000
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4000
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Geo
pot
entia
l Hei
ght (
m)
0 20 40 60 80O zone (ppbv)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Geo
pot
entia
l Hei
ght (
m)
Alert, NU Eureka, NU Churchill, MB
2010/05/05 23:15 U TC 2010/05/05 23:15 U TC 2010/05/05 23:20 U TC
0 1000 2000 3000 4000O zone (ppbv)
0100020003000400050006000700080009000
1000011000120001300014000150001600017000180001900020000
Geo
pote
ntia
l Hei
ght (
m)
obs
m odel w M ACC-IFS (r1613)
m odel w g lobal G -M "clim ." (r1596)
m odel w default pro files (r1512)
M ACC -IFS reanalysis (in trp)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000O zone (ppbv)
0100020003000400050006000700080009000
1000011000120001300014000150001600017000180001900020000
Geo
pote
ntia
l Hei
ght (
m)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000O zone (ppbv)
0100020003000400050006000700080009000
1000011000120001300014000150001600017000180001900020000
Geo
pote
ntia
l Hei
ght (
m)
Alert, NU Eureka, NU Churchill, MB
2010/05/05 23:15 U TC 2010/05/05 23:15 U TC 2010/05/05 23:20 U TC
0 20 40 60 80O zone (ppbv)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Ge
opot
entia
l Hei
ght (
m)
0 20 40 60 80O zone (ppbv)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Geo
pot
entia
l Hei
ght (
m)
0 20 40 60 80O zone (ppbv)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Geo
pot
entia
l Hei
ght (
m)
Alert, NU Eureka, NU Churchill, MB
2010/05/05 23:15 U TC 2010/05/05 23:15 U TC 2010/05/05 23:20 U TC
Page 10 – April 19, 2023
Research Plans within NETCARE
• GEM-MACH-arctic model runs (real-time and/or retrospective) for the NETCARE field campaigns and evaluation.
• Implement the new parameterization for ice nucleation being developed under NETCARE in GEM-MACH coupled with the on-line (size and chemically resolved) aerosols to explore the full interaction between aerosol and dynamics and its role on Arctic weather system.
[A fully coupled version of GEM-MACH (including aerosol feedbacks via radiation and cloud droplet nucleation) is being used to participate in the phase II of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII), focusing on assessing the importance of the interactions between chemistry and dynamics on air quality and weather forecasting].