modelling the fire propagation and fire impacts on...

Modelling the fire propagation and fire impacts on buildings in the Wildland-Urban Interfaces

Anne GANTEAUME

Journées CAQSIS 2019

INTRODUCTION

Increasing Wildland-Urban Interfaces (WUI) in SE France

Context


INTRODUCTION

Increasing Wildland-Urban Interfaces (WUI) in SE France => Increasing fire occurrence

Context


INTRODUCTION

Increasing WUI in SE France => Increasing fire occurrence

Role of the ornamental vegetation as important vector of fire propagation towards housing

Context

Photo: Lilian Pugnet


INTRODUCTION

Increasing WUI in SE France => Increasing fire occurrence

Role of the ornamental vegetation as important vector of fire propagation towards housing

Context

Possible significant damage to structuresCSIRO


INTRODUCTIONContext

Ornamental vegetation => Possible significant damage to structures

Due to massive firebrand shower … …or to heat radiating from the flame front

https://www.google.fr/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjwgY6VvKvcAhVBLVAKHXs8DN0QjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.allianz.com/en/about_us/open-knowledge/topics/environment/articles/130711-how-to-protect-your-property-from-wildfires.html/&psig=AOvVaw1CHnj3Y-J_zZxhGfoeYO_w&ust=1532100003824225

https://www.google.fr/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjwgY6VvKvcAhVBLVAKHXs8DN0QjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.allianz.com/en/about_us/open-knowledge/topics/environment/articles/130711-how-to-protect-your-property-from-wildfires.html/&psig=AOvVaw1CHnj3Y-J_zZxhGfoeYO_w&ust=1532100003824225

https://www.google.fr/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwi09czsvKvcAhWLY1AKHaLSBKgQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.noozhawk.com/article/bill_macfadyen_wild_winds_wildfire_holiday_fire_goleta_foothills_20180713&psig=AOvVaw32YrYrH75ZHUUifFHzUfy5&ust=1532100294212871

https://www.google.fr/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwi09czsvKvcAhWLY1AKHaLSBKgQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.noozhawk.com/article/bill_macfadyen_wild_winds_wildfire_holiday_fire_goleta_foothills_20180713&psig=AOvVaw32YrYrH75ZHUUifFHzUfy5&ust=1532100294212871


INTRODUCTIONContext


https://www.google.fr/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjBh5aJuavcAhVDI1AKHRMtB9MQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/faits-divers-justice/incendie-de-saint-cannat-deux-reprises-ce-dimanche-apres-midi-1500221990&psig=AOvVaw1xw7EteG3wodrbrijm0gGA&ust=1532099276758667

https://www.google.fr/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjBh5aJuavcAhVDI1AKHRMtB9MQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/faits-divers-justice/incendie-de-saint-cannat-deux-reprises-ce-dimanche-apres-midi-1500221990&psig=AOvVaw1xw7EteG3wodrbrijm0gGA&ust=1532099276758667


INTRODUCTIONContext



INTRODUCTIONContext

Need to better understand the fire behavior in WUI vegetation


INTRODUCTIONContext

Modelling the Fire Behavior : What’s the status?

SDIS 13


INTRODUCTIONContext


FIRESTAR

Semi-physical network model

https://www.google.fr/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwipqoPOspDhAhWLlxQKHcCkAvIQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.firelab.org/project/behaveplus&psig=AOvVaw1hWmHpT8kFq8Q1Z6WjGcYM&ust=1553160152645849

https://www.google.fr/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwipqoPOspDhAhWLlxQKHcCkAvIQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.firelab.org/project/behaveplus&psig=AOvVaw1hWmHpT8kFq8Q1Z6WjGcYM&ust=1553160152645849

http://www.google.fr/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwj__ayQtpDhAhUP3uAKHWV9CbIQjRx6BAgBEAQ&url=/url?sa%3Di%26rct%3Dj%26q%3D%26esrc%3Ds%26source%3Dimages%26cd%3D%26ved%3D%26url%3Dhttps://www.firescience.gov/projects/07-1-5-08/project/07-1-5-08_Mell_FireBehaveModeling_3rdFireFuelsConf_2010.pdf%26psig%3DAOvVaw2wYjR7dAH4RcVs5lf1cpyC%26ust%3D1553161075078009&psig=AOvVaw2wYjR7dAH4RcVs5lf1cpyC&ust=1553161075078009

http://www.google.fr/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwj__ayQtpDhAhUP3uAKHWV9CbIQjRx6BAgBEAQ&url=/url?sa%3Di%26rct%3Dj%26q%3D%26esrc%3Ds%26source%3Dimages%26cd%3D%26ved%3D%26url%3Dhttps://www.firescience.gov/projects/07-1-5-08/project/07-1-5-08_Mell_FireBehaveModeling_3rdFireFuelsConf_2010.pdf%26psig%3DAOvVaw2wYjR7dAH4RcVs5lf1cpyC%26ust%3D1553161075078009&psig=AOvVaw2wYjR7dAH4RcVs5lf1cpyC&ust=1553161075078009

https://www.firelab.org/project/farsite

https://www.firelab.org/project/farsite

https://www.google.fr/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjbiqS5upDhAhX7BGMBHa4NCX0QjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://slideplayer.com/slide/7331118/&psig=AOvVaw1bOAWH3LZOmPFNGRFO-4Ja&ust=1553162197986953

https://www.google.fr/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjbiqS5upDhAhX7BGMBHa4NCX0QjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://slideplayer.com/slide/7331118/&psig=AOvVaw1bOAWH3LZOmPFNGRFO-4Ja&ust=1553162197986953


INTRODUCTIONContext


Very efficient modelling in Wildland vegetation

Common outputs: Fire rate of spread, fireline intensity, flame height, fire perimeter

https://www.google.fr/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiw7IT0vJDhAhUu-YUKHW5ACrMQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.crcresearch.org/crc-blog/wildfire-season&psig=AOvVaw1KjMRRWtkf_Fo6qjv0WbWK&ust=1553162765281611

https://www.google.fr/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiw7IT0vJDhAhUu-YUKHW5ACrMQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.crcresearch.org/crc-blog/wildfire-season&psig=AOvVaw1KjMRRWtkf_Fo6qjv0WbWK&ust=1553162765281611

https://www.google.fr/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjgoM3e7ZLhAhXHDWMBHdvaDqIQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.slideshare.net/akfireconsortium/20101119-b-hawkestreatmentmonitoringwebinar&psig=AOvVaw1kgt7Dfa59ASTYvTc8dIaA&ust=1553244452377499

https://www.google.fr/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjgoM3e7ZLhAhXHDWMBHdvaDqIQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.slideshare.net/akfireconsortium/20101119-b-hawkestreatmentmonitoringwebinar&psig=AOvVaw1kgt7Dfa59ASTYvTc8dIaA&ust=1553244452377499


INTRODUCTIONContext


Very efficient modelling in Wildland vegetation

WFDS simulation code

Some attempts at the WUI


INTRODUCTION

What do we need now?

Modelling the Fire Behavior in WUI vegetation

Adapting models because more heterogeneous vegetation in WUI than in wildland

http://www.google.fr/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiJ7-XmwJDhAhV_BWMBHaEnA7gQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=http://footage.framepool.com/fr/shot/439613799-cap-ferrat-jardin-a-la-francaise-villa-alpes-maritimes&psig=AOvVaw1LZAO1fNds9VfM3hsVkJ0R&ust=1553163895936223

http://www.google.fr/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiJ7-XmwJDhAhV_BWMBHaEnA7gQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=http://footage.framepool.com/fr/shot/439613799-cap-ferrat-jardin-a-la-francaise-villa-alpes-maritimes&psig=AOvVaw1LZAO1fNds9VfM3hsVkJ0R&ust=1553163895936223


INTRODUCTION

What do we need now?

Modelling the Fire Behavior in WUI vegetation => impacts on structures

https://www.google.fr/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjSsvqcv5DhAhWBzoUKHW8TDlQQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://wildfiretoday.com/2015/11/10/nist-releases-report-on-waldo-canyon-fire-that-burned-344-homes/&psig=AOvVaw1NF39fj3d2sXioI-FLY-0A&ust=1553163483753400

https://www.google.fr/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjSsvqcv5DhAhWBzoUKHW8TDlQQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://wildfiretoday.com/2015/11/10/nist-releases-report-on-waldo-canyon-fire-that-burned-344-homes/&psig=AOvVaw1NF39fj3d2sXioI-FLY-0A&ust=1553163483753400


METHODOLOGIE

Modelling the Fire Behavior in WUI vegetation : How?

Generating vegetation scenes (2D & 3D)

Species, crown diameter, crown height, total height

Georeferenced plants => spatial distribution of vegetation


METHODOLOGIE

Getting data on the structure of ornamental species

Litter bulk density, litter load, leaf bulk density, leaf SVR, FMC% dead fuel, % live fuel

Photo: Irstea Photo: Irstea


http://www.google.fr/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjAru64xJDhAhUWAmMBHXOMCGYQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=http://www.maison-en-provence.com/fr/bouches-du-rhone/aix-en-provence/villa-decouverte/d293.htm&psig=AOvVaw0NNKSjD2TubDYOeApY77FW&ust=1553164889135062



METHODOLOGIE

Getting data on the flammability of ornamental species

Photo: Irstea


Flammability experiments:Time-to-ignitionFlaming duration

Ignition temperatureFlame height,

Flame temperature, etc.




METHODOLOGIE

Selecting the model

Based on the fire spread model SWIFFT (De Gennaro 2017)

=> Enhanced combustion scheme⇒ Coupled with a module of fire-induced thermal degradation of structures⇒ Adding a simplified firebrand modelling


• FireWUI


SOME RESULTS


SCENARIO 1 :Vitesse- direction de vent fictives (10m/s - Vent origine Sud-Ouest) //

Terrain plat //Jardin sous vent dominant // Pelouse sèche non tondue

14s

84s

42s 56s

210s168s

Jardin brûlé en 252s d’après la simulation.


SOME RESULTS


14s

168s

42s 112s

224s196s

SCENARIO 2 :Vitesse/direction de vent fictives (10m/s - Vent origine Nord-Ouest-) // Terrain plat // Jardin attaqué par le flanc du feu // Pelouse sèche

non tondueJardin brûlé en 238s d’après la simulation.


SOME RESULTS



SOME RESULTS


% façade dégradée par le flux thermique


SOME RESULTS



SOME RESULTS



Scenario with unmanaged vegetarion around housing

Vegetarion managed around housing


FUTURE WORKS


Using WFDS=>testing different scenarios of vegetation distribution around the house


FUTURE WORKS


Firewise scenario: Thinning

Wind direction => most likely fire direction



FUTURE WORKS


Wind direction => most likely fire direction

Unfirewise scenario: Big tree overhanging the roof


A. Ganteaume

SDIS 13

Thank you for your attention

modelling the fire propagation and fire impacts on...

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