models

1/22Broadbent Geoffrey (1973).

Design in Architecture: architecture and the human sciences, John Wiley and Sons, London

E = mc2

what is a model ?● a representation

● an analogy● Spenser● transport systems/blood

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why model ?

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modeldescribes usefulness

theory explains

what do we model ?

things

processes

stir

add milk

addchocolate

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characteristicsof models

● not complete 1:1 mapping

● want to focus on certain aspects

● different views of same thing6/22

types of modelsiconic

analogue

symbolic

iconic model● ‘look’s like what it represents

● specific relationship to what it represents● e.g. scale – down or up

● can never share all properties

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iconic model

analogue model

● iconic model not convenient

● properties of a different kind● economy - bath

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analogue model

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symbolic model● abstract

● uses symbols● words, numbers, variables, graphical

● can handle large complex descriptions

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symbolic model

E = mc2

y = x2 + 4x + 2words, words, w

ords

[ ( ) ( )]x y Human x Mother y

$$$

computers usesymbolic models

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must use a formal model

not always clear

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variables

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● quantitative - qualitative● temperature - comfort

● evaluation

● prediction

model building● what has to be modelled

● select kind of model for purpose● decide on components

● test and validate

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model building

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if modelnot adequatethen results

will not match reality

model building

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● model must represent all variables● if something missing - distortion

● all variables must be relevant● not just because data available

● be aware of distortions● use of different materials

● be careful of data entered● G I GO

logic models

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reasoningnot

computation

logic models● deduction

● (a, a b) (b)

● induction● (a, b) (a b)

● abduction● (b, a b) p(a)

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logic and design

deduction

induction

abduction

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logic design

analysis

learning

synthesis