models for coexistence and communication - ec.europa.eu · venzone, 12th october 2017 6 research on...
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Models for coexistence and
communication:
the ALPBIONET2030 project
Filippo Favilli, Isidoro De Bortoli, Federica Maino Eurac Research
Bolzano, Italy
Venzone (Udine, Italy)
12th – 14th October 2017
ALPBIONET2030
OUTLINE
• ALPBIONET2030
• Work Package 5: Promoting Human Nature Coexistence
• Running activities and aim
• Which models for coexistence?
• Effective communication
• Final WP 5 output
• Final considerations
2 Venzone, 12th October 2017
ALPBIONET2030
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http://www.alpine-space.eu/projects/alpbionet2030/en/home
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AUSTRIA/ITALY NP Hohe Tauern + South Tirol PNs
FRANCE Espaces Mont Blanc
GERMANY NP Berchtesgaden
ITALY / SLOVENIA PN Prealpi Giulie + NP Triglav
AUSTRIA NP O.ö. Kalkalpen
Project Working Regions
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Work Package 5:
Promoting Human-Nature Coexistence
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Research on wildlife conflicts more frequently focuses on human behaviour and
evaluation of management actions to change that behaviour, taking into account the
human-wildlife history of an area, involving stakeholders and the large public
Social acceptance Attitude
Attitude =
Personal belief and opinion about the wildlife presence in an area.
Influenced by the personal experiences with wildlife
May be regardless of the level of education owned.
Social acceptance =
Agreement to accept somebody/someone in a group.
Influenced by the level of education
Related to the right to live of living beings in a certain area
Without social acceptance, no conservation actions will have a total positive result
HUMAN DIMENSION
ALPBIONET2030
Work Package 5:
Promoting Human-Nature Coexistence
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• Collect and discuss the roots of current conflicts
• Analyse the efficiency of current conflict-resolution approaches
• Facilitates dialogue to move parties from intractable conflict to sustainable,
positive, collaborative change
• Stimulate the analyses and transformation of the root causes of systemic and
structural social conflict
The Human-Wildlife Conflict Collaboration:
ALPBIONET2030
Running activities and aim
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Activity A.T5.1
Data collection on
current mitigation and
conflict resolution
approaches in
mountain areas
Activity A.T5.2
Stakeholders’
participative
processes about the
most urgent human-
nature conflicts
Activity A.T5.3
Collection of students’
vision, role of media,
development of a
shared vision
Activity A.T5.4
Organization of an
international
technical workshop
about human-nature
conflict resolution
PAST PRESENT FUTURE SHARE/BUILD
What has been done in
other places?
How the conflict(s)
has(ve) been solved?
How do you see the current
conflict?
Why do you think the
current situation exist?
Where do you/we
want to go?
How do we see the
future of our
community?
How can we support
each other?
We are not alone in
this issue!
ALPBIONET2030
Running activities and aim
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• PUBLIC INFORMATION EVENTS and SCHOOLS‘ ACTIVITIES
•WORLD CAFÉS: an informal tool for organizing one or more sessions of generative dialogue among
a group of people (12-1200 and more)
•FOCUS GROUP: a semi-directive way (with specific goals, structures, time-frames and procedures)
of getting groups of people (8-12) to discuss select issue with each other
•MULTIPLE-CRITERIA DECISION ANALYSIS: a variety of approaches and methods, many
implemented by specialized decision-making software, that explicitly evaluates multiple conflicting
criteria (instead of solutions) in decision making processes
•INTEGRATIVE NEGOTIATION: a dispute resolution method to be used when there is a potential
for the parties’ interests to be integrated in ways that create joint value (or “enlarge the pie”)
Stakeholder and Large Public engagement:
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Which coexistence model?
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Et-Et
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Aut-Aut
Humans and
Wildlife
Ex-clusive
(humans VS wildlife)
There‘s no space for wildlife in a highly
anthropic territory
We have already occupied all the space and
we do not want to step back
South Tyrol (Italy)
In-clusive
(humans AND wildlife)
The presence of wildlife calls for a new
equilibrium in the territory
We act in order to protect ourselves and
find space for a valuable change
North America,
Abruzzo (Italy)
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Effective communication
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Effective communication
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Promote an enlarged dialogue among the interested parties and with the citizens
People want to be included in the decisions. No more “I do that, don’t worry”
Find the best way to talk with THAT kind of people, for THAT kind of issue and in THAT
particular situation
Make people part of something bigger that their own courtyard.
Make face-to-face interviews
Use new and alternative ways for communicating
Be proactive with the media
Videos have to show local issues inside of a larger area
Promote the searching for the RIGHT QUESTION, instead of the RIGHT ANSWER
How can WE cooperate?
What would it take to create change on this issue?
What is the most important question to ask in this situation?
Promote the creation and sharing of a future vision for the area
Students – Admin meetings
Learn from other countries (you are not alone in this issue)
Starting of new participative processes
Show the socioeconomic opportunities coming out of the conflict
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0,5
1
1,5
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2,5
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3,5
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4,5
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Nature park / protected areamanagement
NGOs
Scientific community
Ministry in general
Ministry of agriculture
Politicians only
District administrations
Local control authorities
Mayors and municipalities
Landowners
Private forestry
Public forestry
Architects and land use planners
Hotel owners and private tourismproviders
Tourism associations
Ski areas managers
Hunters and game keepers
Energy providers
Mining and heavy industry
Private water supply companies
Awareness / influence gaps
Influence Awareness
BioREGIO Carpathians Project
Effective communication
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Final WP5 Output
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Toolkit for Ecological Connectivity conflict resolution in the Alps
1. Reduce/mitigate the problem (remove the pain)
Set of strategies to prevent/mitigate the most occurring human-wildlife conflicts in an
“ecological connectivity framework” (Wildlife-vehicle collisions; Ungulates’ damages;
Carnivores’ predations; Sense of fear / Ignorance; No acceptance of change)
2. Suggest social approaches to promote a constructive dialogue among parties
What is the best approach for this issue, in this area, with this history and traditions and
this people?
3. Promote personal questioning and creativity
What is the most important question to ask in this situation?
How can WE turn the problem in opportunity?
4. Stimulate the sense of community and the transnational cooperation
Enhancing the sense of belonging to a community can open new socioeconomic
opportunities
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Final Considerations
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• Human–Wildlife conflict Human–Human conflict (conflict of interests)
• Biology is part of the solution - human dimension is just as important
• Perceptions of conflict matter
• Balancing global insights with local needs
• Multiple and Adaptive Tools, holistic approach and local resilience
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Final Considerations
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Highlighting the benefits of restored populations and of environmental
awareness to a wider audience
- Providing rural populations the arguments about the socioeconomic importance of large
carnivores and cooperating with them
- Sustaining wildlife-tourism viewing, presence and visibility to nature-seeking tourists
(wildlife-friendly regions – i.e., Abruzzo/North Carolina)
- Increasing awareness raising on the LC’s ecological functions (ecosystem services)
- Spreading the concept of existence value
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Final Considerations
17 Venzone, 12th October 2017
• Social scientists + wildlife managers evaluate wildlife acceptance
capacity and management actions aimed at changing human behaviour
(provide long-term solutions to human-wildlife conflicts)
If we create the ecological conditions which bring wolves to eat sheep,
it becomes awkward and difficult to argue for our right to destroy them when they do it
(Morizot, 2016)
• NGOs + government reliable and more
accessible information increase awareness
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Final Considerations
18 Venzone, 12th October 2017
• There is not a general model for human-wildlife coexistence
• There can be a general attitude to accomplish it
• Communication is fundamental – not “to teach” but to listen
and guide
• Consider each situation as unique
• Wildlife species are unpredictable and uncontrollable – this is
unacceptable for many people
• We should learn to make the RIGHT QUESTIONS instead of
searching for the RIGHT ANSWER
• Promotion of resilience is more productive that looking for
and/or imposing the TRUTH of a part
• Being humble pays
The future of wild species
depends as much on human
attitudes, emotional
responses and behaviours as
it does on wildlife ecology
(Enck et al., 2006)
A species survives when, and only
when, humans decide to value it, have
positive attitudes toward it, and
actively engage in doing something to
conserve it
(Bath, 2009)
ALPBIONET2030 19 Venzone, 12th October 2017
Filippo Favilli, Isidoro De Bortoli, Andrea Omizzolo,
Federica Maino, Prune Claire Giatti
Eurac Research
Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bolzano
T +39 0471 055 327
www.eurac.edu