Models of the Solar System,

Gravitation and the Motion of the

Planets – A.K.A

DEAD WHITE GUYS WEEK!

Heliocentric Model

The great scientist

Galileo made discoveries

that strongly supported a heliocentric cosmogony

Galileo - 1564-1642 was -

1. Polish

2. Danish

3. Italian

4. German

5. Greek

Galileo - 1564-1642 -

1. Probably died a virgin

2. Was a priest and Lawyer

3. Had artificial wooden and silver noses

4. Probably died of Mercury poisoning

5. Rumored to have died when his bladder burst

6. Was blind at the time of his death

7. Was labeled a heretic by the church

Galileo - 1564-1642 -

1. Probably died a virgin

2. Was a priest and Lawyer

3. Had artificial wooden and silver noses

4. Probably died of Mercury poisoning

5. Rumored to have died when his bladder burst

6. Was blind at the time of his death

7. Was labeled a heretic by the church

Galileo - 1564-1642 is known for -

1. First observations of the sun

2. First sun centered scientific model of the solar system or universe

3. Being the world’s best naked-eye astronomer

4. Creating first a theoretical model to explain planetary motions

5. Creating first a theoretical model for explaining gravity

Galileo - 1564-1642 is known for -

1. First observations of the sun

2. First sun centered scientific model of the solar system or universe

3. Being the world’s best naked-eye astronomer

4. Creating first a theoretical model to explain planetary motions

5. Creating first a theoretical model for explaining gravity

Milky Way

• There are thousands (billions) more stars in the Milky Way than are visible to the naked eye.

• Universe is bigger than imagined.

A Being with Ears

The Bulge of Saturn

• Saturn is not a sphere.

• Circles and spheres do not dominate the heavens.

The Moon

• The moon has craters.

• The moon is not a perfect heavenly body.

Sunspots

• The Sun is not a perfect heavenly body.

• The Sun rotates about its own axis.

Galileo’s discoveries of the phases of Venus with his telescope showed that Venus must orbit the

Sun and strongly supported a heliocentric model

Venus is clearly smallest when it in the full phase and largest when it is in the new phase. Then Venus must be very far from Earth when it is in the full phase and quite closes to Earth when in the new phase – which supports the

argument that Venus is orbiting the Sun not Earth.

Galileo’s telescope revealed phases of Venus which could only occur IF Venus orbits the Sun.

Galileo’s telescope revealed phases of Venus which could only occur IF Venus orbits the Sun.

Galileo’s telescope revealed phases of Venus which could only occur IF Venus orbits the Sun.

Galileo’s telescope revealed that Jupiter

had moons which orbited Jupiter instead

of Earth.

IN MEMORY OF GALILEO

http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?

appl=SIM&xsl=biografia&lingua=ENG&chiave=300251

Isaac Newton (1642 – 1727)

The Baddest Dead White

Guy of Them All

Isaac Newton (1642 – 1727) was -

1. Polish

2. Danish

3. Italian

4. German

5. Greek

6. British

Isaac Newton (1642 – 1727) -

1. Probably died a virgin

2. Was a priest and Lawyer

3. Had artificial wooden and silver noses

4. Probably died of Mercury poisoning

5. Rumored to have died when his bladder burst

6. Was blind at the time of his death

7. Was labeled a heretic by the church

Isaac Newton (1642 – 1727) -

1. Probably died a virgin

2. Was a priest and Lawyer

3. Had artificial wooden and silver noses

4. Probably died of Mercury poisoning

5. Rumored to have died when his bladder burst

6. Was blind at the time of his death

7. Was labeled a heretic by the church

Isaac Newton (1642 – 1727) is known for -

1. First observations of the sun

2. First sun centered scientific model of the solar system or universe

3. Being the world’s best naked-eye astronomer

4. Creating first a theoretical model to explain planetary motions

5. Creating first theoretical model for explaining gravity and …..

Isaac Newton (1642 – 1727) is known for -

1. First observations of the sun

2. First sun centered scientific model of the solar system or universe

3. Being the world’s best naked-eye astronomer

4. Creating first a theoretical model to explain planetary motions

5. Creating first theoretical model for explaining gravity and …..

Isaac Newton formulated

three laws of motion and the law of

gravitation – these laws

describe the motion of our physical world

Newton’s Three Laws of Motion

First Law - A body remains at rest or moves in a straight line at a constant speed unless acted upon by an outside (net) force.

Second Law - (net) Force = mass x acceleration

Third Law - Whenever one body exerts a force on a second body, the second body exerts an equal and opposite force on the first body.

Newton’s First Law

• A body remains at rest or moves in a straight line at a constant speed unless acted upon by an outside (net) force.

• A rockets will coast in space along a straight line at constant speed.

• A hokey puck glides across the ice at constant speed until it hits something

Newton’s Second Law of Motion

• (net)Force = mass x acceleration or Fnet = m x a

• Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity – or how quickly your motion is changing.

• Three accelerators in your car!!

Newton’s Third Law of Motion

• Whenever one body exerts a force on a second body, the second body exerts an equal and opposite force on the first body.

• Don’t need a rocket launch pad!

• The Bug and the Windshield – who is having the worse day?

Newton’s Law of Gravitation• Newton’s law of gravitation states: Two

bodies attract each other with a force that is directly proportional the product of their masses and is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

2

21

d

mGmFgrav

What the ….? I thought I understood gravity?

Newton’s Law of Gravitation• To figure out the gravitational force just

multiply the mass of the two things together then divide by the distance they are apart (squared).

2

21

d

mGmFgrav

m1

m2

d

Newton’s Law and Gravitation• All my favorite Projectiles behave like this!!!

Force

Velocity

Acceleration

Newton’s Laws and Kepler's Laws

• Newton’s law of gravitation and his three laws of motion prove all of Kepler’s laws

Newton's friend Edmund Halley predicted the comet would return in 1758 and it did!

Gravity and Newton's Laws – Lecture Tutorial Handout.

• Work with a partner!• Read the instructions and questions carefully.• Discuss the concepts and your answers with one another.• Come to a consensus answer you both agree on.• If you get stuck or are not sure of your answer, ask

another group.• If you get really stuck or don’t understand what the

Lecture Tutorial is asking, ask one of us for help.

Gravity and Newton's Laws – Ranking Tasks Handout Practice Problems!!

• These are just for practice for the exam – they are not homework and are not to be turned in!!!