modern architecture
TRANSCRIPT
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MODERN ARCHITECTURE
Since 20th century
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• Architecture in olden days was a commodity of rich and powerful
• Religious buildings • Palaces • Castles• Monuments
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• Modern architecture was developed to suit the masses
• It had no influences of geological, geographical, climatic, social and religious customs
• Modern architecture developed to cater the functional needs of the society
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• Shopping centres• Mass housing facility• Factories• Office buildings• Bus terminals• Airports
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Modern materials & new techniques
• Steel: most suitabe structural material for framing huge cellular buildings
• Helped to produce uninterrupted spans over openings
• Trusses and frames• Use of steel produced a fundamental change
in architectural design
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Modern materials & new techniques
• Use of RCC produced a new breed of buildings ie sky scrapers
• RCC curtain walls replaced massive stone walls producing larger interior space
• Pre stressed : Bridges• Glass transparent to Ultra violet but opaque
to infra red rays came to be extensively used instead of shades, blinds and curtains
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Architects of 20th century
• Mies van der Rohe• Le Corbusier• Frank Loyd Wright• Louis Sullivan• Walter Gropious• Peter Behrens
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Le Corbusier
• French• architect• urban planner• painter• sculptor • Writer (Vers une Architecture)
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• He defines house as a “Machine to live in, with walls as smooth as
sheet iron with windows like a tool”by this he meant the building should be built with utmost care and precision as that for manufacturing a machine
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Design strategy
• used sensible systems that were functional in living with the use of simple modules and spaces
• Incorporated industrial forms in housing and apartment schemes
• man was the center of his design principles.• architecture is to support the functions of the
person whether working, relaxing, or partaking in other activity.
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Five points to A new Architecture( Vers une Architecture)
• 1. pilotis • 2. free plan • 3. free facade• 4.long horizontal sliding window • 5. roof garden
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Pilotis or pillars
• raised the building off the ground on pilotis, which 'free' the ground for multiple uses
• Garden can be created below it• Can be used for parking cars
• The rooms are thereby removed from the dampness of the soil
• they have light and air
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Free plan
• Pilotis extend to the roof and they carry the intermediate celings
• interior walls may be placed wherever required each floor being entirely independent of the rest
• no longer any supporting walls but only membranes of any thickness.
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• Free facade-Exterior walls are no longer load bearing
-Can be designed freely
• Roof gardens– Flat roofs with
garden at top– replace land lost
underneath the building
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Ribbon or horizontal windows
• Together with the intermediate ceilings the supports form rectangular openings in the facade through which light and air enter copiously.
• The window extends from support to support becoming a horizontal window
• Provided uniform and maximum illumination to the rooms
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Villa Savoye, Poissy, France
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Citrohan House
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Swiss Dormitory Paris
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Other outstanding Works
• Ozenfant house, Paris• Union of Co-operatives, Moscow• The United Nations Headquarters• The carpenter centre, Harvard University• Villa ‘Les Terraces’, Paris