modern china: a capsule history the impact of the west on 19 th and 20 th century china
TRANSCRIPT
Modern China: A Capsule History
The Impact of the West on 19th and 20th Century China
The Manchu Conquest of China: 1644
Imposition of the Queue
Manchu conquest of Taiwan: Koxinga and the anti-Qing rebellion 1661-1683
The Kangxi Emperor: Longest Reigning Chinese Emperor: 1661-1722
The Manchus become Confucian: Heirs to the Mandate of Heaven
The Jesuits and their role
Astronomers Translators Missionaries Weapons
manufacturers Cartographers Advisors
Matteo Ricci
The Qianlong Emperor: 1735-1796
Map of Ming dynasty (1368-1644)
The Conquest of Tibet and Xinjiang
Tibetan Buddhism at the Qing Court
The Canton system of Trade: Macau as the gateway to China
Qianlong meets George McCartney: A clash of Two worlds
The Opium War: “The most disreputable War Britain eve fought” Gladstone
Motivation: the British thirst for tea and trade Destabilization: Payment in silver as China
wanted nothing the British produced Problem: Imbalance in trade Solution: Illegal importation of Opium into
China
Commissioner Lin and the successful suppression of Opium
China loses the war: outgunned and with backward technology
The Treaty of Nanjing: 1842: First Unequal Treaty
Cede Island of Hong Kong in perpetuity Open 5 pots to trade: Guangzhou (Canton),
Xiamen (Amoy), Foochow (Fuzhou), Ningpo (Ningbo), Shanghai.
Pay 21 Million dollars reparations Extraterritoriality Most Favored Nation Clause
Second Opium War: Causes
Desire for free trade Desire to travel in interior Desire for missionary activity Desire for legalization of opium Desire for diplomatic relations
Treaties of Tianjin and Aigun
Europeans right to have legations in Beijing 10 cities opened for trade and residence Foreign ships navigate freely on Yangtse
river Foreigners right to travel, trade, and
proselytize in China 6 million dollar indemnity Russia got the maritime Province
Storming of the Dagu )Taku) Forts
Flight of the Xian FengEmperor to Chengde
Destruction of the Summer Palace
Convention of Beijing: second unequal treaty 1860
Confirm Tianjin Treaty Cede Kowloon to Britain Open Tianjin as treaty port Chinese laborers allowed to emigrate
overseas
Rebellions: Taiping, Nian, Muslim: 1850-1878
Transfer of power from Manchus to Chinese Transfer of power from Center to provinces Weakening of Central government Allowing further Western Imperialism Awakening desire for change among
Chinese youth Sense of doom among youth
Rebels and Mandarins
Zeng Guofan
Cixi and the maintenance of power
Balancing act Position as regent Raising fear of
foreigners and Chinese Personal friendship Bestowal of favors
The Marble Boat in the new Summer Palace
The Sino-Japanese War: 1895
Li Hong Zhang Shimonoseki
Treaty of Shimonoseki
Cession of Taiwan to Japan 200 million dollar indemnity China recognize independence of Korea Cede Liaodong Peninsula to Japan (reversed
by Triple Intervention by Russia, France and Germany)
Open more ports and rivers to trade
Guangxu Emperor and the 100 days of reform
Boxer Rebellion: Defense of the British Legation
The Boxer Rebellion
A Boxer and the International Relief force
Russo-Japanese war: control of railroads in Manchuria
The Russo Japanese War: fought over Manchuria (China)
Sun Yat-sen and the revolution of 1912
Sun’s Three Principles of the People: San Min Zhu Yi
Nationalism: Min Zu Democracy: Min Quan Socialism (people’s welfare): Min Sheng
The Accidental Revolution: 1912: The end of the imperial system and the establishment of a Republic
Yuan Shi Kai becomes President
The May fourth Movement: The first modern student movement
Founding of the Chinese Communist Party
Chen Duxiu
Li Dazhao
Mao Zedong as a Young Man
Founding member of CCP
Reinterpreter of Leninism for Chinese conditions
Interested in the peasants
Zhu De: Leader of the Red Army
Jiang Jie Shi (Chiang Kai Shek) and the Northern Expedition
Massacre of Communists
End of the first United Front in Shanghai
Nationalists turned on the Communists and massacred them in Shanghai
Resulted in split of the Nationalist party Renewed civil war against the Communists Communists in city virtually destroyed Mao flees to countryside in Jinggangshan
Retreat to Jinggangshan
Civil War: the Long March
Japanese invasion and creation of the state of Manchukuo: Puyi crowned as emperor in 1932
Start of the Sino Japanese War: 1937: Lugoujiao (Marco Polo Bridge)
The start of the Anti-Japanese war
Nanjing Massacre
Chiang, Meiling, and General Stillwell in Chungking (Chongqing)
Cairo Conference: China comes of Age and the unequal treaties are abolished
The End of the Anti-Japanese War and the Continuation of the Civil War between the Nationalists and Communists
Mao Proclaims the Establishment of the People’s Republic of China
Jiang Jie Shi (Chiang Kai Shek) fled to Taiwan
Jiang’s memorial Hall in Taipei
Major events from 1949 to Today
Rebuilding China Korean War 100 Flowers Movement and Anti-Rightist
Campaign Great Leap Forward Invasion of Tibet and flight of Dalai Lama Tension over Taiwan
More events
The Sino-Soviet Split: who are China’s Friends
The Great Proletarian Revolution Nixon’s visit to China
President Nixon goes to China: 1972
The New China: “Socialism with Chinese Characteristics”
Deng Xiaoping comes to power:
“It doesn’t matter if a cat is a white cat or a black cat as long as it catches the mice.”
“To Get rich is Glorious”