MODERN LATIN

AMERICA

Sayda Vega

History 141

Class # 50587

BRITAIN AND LATIN AMERICA

*Britain’s economic interest in Latin America was much more noticeable during the mid 1870’s and early 1890’s

*Britain’s interests in River Plate

*Britain also played an important role in Argentina since most of its trading businessmen were British.

*Britain was a dominant role in Brazil’s trade, shipping, and imports.

*Britain had investments all over Mexico, Peru, Chile and Uruguay

*Everything changed by the end of the 20th Century when Britain’s influence almost dissapeared.

*The Second World War brought more problems and automatically reduced trade. This put Britain into debt to Latin America and to the United States too.

*”At the time of independence Latin America was still a frontier of European colonization.”

*There were huge differences in wealth, social status and income all along the Latin American countries.

*Slavery remained to be vital for some of the Spanish Colonies due to the commercial agriculture.

*The Latin America’s reorientation of external connections was influenced by independence.

*Many problems of different types after independence including, fiscal problems, external security problems and intense civil conflicts.

*Some of the most instable counties at the time were: Mexico, Peru and Bolivia.

*Paraguay’s President Jose Gaspar Rodriguez de Francia (2814-1840)

*“In British eyes there were two exceptions of instability and caudallismo: Brazil and Chile.

*Formation of strong national structures.

*Predomination of Liberalism

*Balmaceda President of Chile and the end of his term culminated in a civil war, in which at the end he committed suicide.

LATIN AMERICA’S WARS OF THE 19TH CENTURY

*The main causes of the Latin America’s Wars were: race war, ideology of independence, separation versus union, boundary disputes, territorial conquests, caudilloism, resource wars, interclass struggles, capitalism and religious wars.

*Political, economic, and social frustrations were the result of the Latin America Wars of independence

*Another events happening in Europe and North America helped to achieve independence as well.

*American Revolution (1775-1783)

*French Revolutions (1789-1799)

*Both revolutions were very influential to other countries and persons such as Simon Bolivar and Miguel Hidalgo.

*“Not all wars of independence in Latin America were against the European Monarchy.

*Break up-separation versus union.

*During the colonial era kings of Spain and Portugal were at war.

*Golden Rule of Latin America power politics: “Relations between nations which share a common border are cool, and those who do not, are warm.”

*Frontier wars began right after the wars of independence and continued during the 19th Century.

*“The post-independence wars of territorial conquest were and extension to the colonial experience.”

*Participants in territorial conquest just wanted to gain more land.

*British expansion in Central America (1821-1856)

*War of Tripe Alliance (1864-1870)

MEXICO: CONTINENT ON THE MOVE

*Migration has transformed the Americas*Zacatecas was once the silver capital of the nation. It only remains its colonial architecture.*Zacatecas was one of the richest agriculture areas buy today it is an example of Mexico’s decay.*Older people remember how it was like before when the time of revolution came.*President Lazaro Cardenas was in charge during the 1930’s.*Mexico became the main supply of winter vegetables and fruits for the United States.*Mexico City became a powerful attraction for people with the creation of thousands of jobs*Creation of government programs in education and health care.*More immigrants arrived, now the city of Tijuana.*Tijuana counts with many maquiladora industries that’s why many people from other places come to work.

MIGUEL HIDALGO (Wikipedia)*Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla was a Mexican cleric and important leader who played an important role during the Mexican Independence.

*He was born on May 8, 1753 in Penjamo, Guanajuato

*Miguel Hidalgo strongly believed in the Virgin of Guadalupe and always would go into revolts accompanied by groups of mestizos with the banner of the Virgin.

*He was captured on March 21, 1811 and executed on July 30.

*He was the first man who started to fight for independence.

*Later on, he was supported by Jose Maria Morelos and Agustin de Iturbide.

*He was influenced by American Revolution (1775-1783) and French Revolution (1789-1799).

*Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla is considered “Father of the Nation of Mexico.”

*He was responsible for the Grito de Dolores on September 16, in which he called a mass and urged people to join him in the fight against the vice regal government.

*Hidalgo’s Grito de Dolores focused on being loyal to the Catholic Religion. He firmly believed on Catholicism.