MODERN LATIN

AMERICAJessica Gunn

History 141

Course #50587

Latin America's Wars

RACE WAR - The Haitian War for Independence - a struggle between the white planters and black slaves and those of mixed blood.

SEPARATION VERSUS UNION - When Spain was forced to abandon Latin America, the question become whether the territories would become a single nation or whether they would break up.

BOUNDARY DISPUTES - The poorly defined boundaries of the newly independent nations caused wars. Spain transferred vast areas from one administrative entity to another in attempts to improve political, social, and economic control causing conflicts between the nations.

WARS OF TERRITORIAL CONQUEST - the newly formed nations conducted campaigns against the native Indians.

Latin America's Wars

CAUDILLOISM Caudillo is a Spanish word for "leader"

and usually describes a political-military

leader at the head of an authoritarian

power or warlord, dictator or strongman.

The related caudillismo is a cultural

phenomenon that first appeared during

the early 19th century in revolutionary

South America, as a type of militia leader

with a charismatic personality and enough

of a populist program of generic future

reforms to gain broad sympathy among

the common people.

The power of a caudillo was his ability to

deliver his followers to the cause of his

choice.

Argentina Civil War

Battle of Cepeda of 1820 Date: February 1, 1820

Location: Cepeda, Santa Fe

Province near the frontier with

the Province of Buenos Aires.

Battle between Unitarians and

Federals.

Both sides employed brutality

and often would not take

prisoners.

Estanislao López and

Francisco Ramírez led the

Federalists to victory.

The Provinces of Santa Fe,

Entre Ríos and Buenos Aires

signed the Treaty of Pilar on

February 23

Argentina Civil War

Battle of Cepeda of 1820Unitarian League

A league of provinces of

Argentina, aiming to unite the

country under unitarian

principles

Established in 1830.

Led by José María Paz.

Composed by the provinces of

San Luis, La Rioja, Catamarca,

Mendoza, San Juan, Tucumán,

Córdoba, Salta and Santiago

del Estero.

Federales

A group opposing the Unitariosthat claimed a centralized government of Buenos Aires Province.

Supported the autonomy of the provincial governments and the distribution of external commerce taxes among the provinces.

THE SECOND WORLDMEXICO: THE UMBILICAL CORD

January 1, 1994 – The North American Free Trade Agreement went into effect and the Zapatista National Liberation Army started a renewed insurgency.

Manufactured goods account for 80% of Mexico‟s exports.

Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador was mayor of Mexico City from 2000 to 2005. Created social and food support programs for the elderly.

Roughly half the population of the country is living in poverty with ever increasing numbers of illegal immigrants into America.

While drugs are not primarily produced in Mexico, other countries use Mexico to smuggle drugs into the United States.

THE SECOND WORLD

VENEZUELA: BOLIVAR‟S REVENGE

Hugo Chavez is the 56th and current President of Venezuela, having held that position since 1999.

Follows his own political ideology of Bolivarianism.

Chavez disagrees with U.S. foreign policy and allies himself strongly with the of governments of Cuba, Argentina, Jamaica, Bolivia, Ecuador, and even China.

Venezuela is a major producer of oil products. The Venezuelan government uses oil as its main economic staple while neglecting other industries.

THE SECOND WORLD

COLOMBIA: THE ANDEAN BALKANS?

The only South American country with both

Pacific and Caribbean coasts.

Colombia is split by three Andean

mountain ranges that create distinct

cultures on each side.

Colombia is the leading source of almost

all the cocaine and half the heroine sold in

the U.S.

Home to the Revolutionary Armed Forces

of Colombia (FARC), a terrorist guerilla

organization.

THE SECOND WORLD

BRAZIL: THE SOUTHERN POLE

Brazil is the largest country in South

America and it is the world's fifth largest

country.

Its economy is the world's seventh largest

economy and the eighth largest by

purchasing power parity.

Almost half of Brazil‟s exports go to

developing countries.

In 2003, Brazil had the highest rate of gun

deaths in the world.

Has become the largest producer and

exporter of clean-burning ethanol in the

world.

SOFIA VERGARA Born: July 10, 1972

Was raised in Barranquilla, Colombia.

She was „discovered‟ by a photographer while walking

on a Colombian beach.

Vergara made her first appearance as a performer at

the age of 17 in a Pepsi commercial that was widely

broadcast in Latin America.

She moved to Bogotá when she was 20, where she

worked as a runway model and on television.

Was nominated for a Golden Globe Award, two

Primetime Emmy Awards, and three Screen Actors

Guild Awards for her role as Gloria Delgado-Pritchett

on the ABC series Modern Family.

In 2011 Vergara was named the new face of

CoverGirl.

PABLO ESCOBAR Born: December 1, 1949

Died: December 2, 1993

Escobar was a Colombian drug lord who specialized in

cocaine trafficking.

Became the head of the Medellín cartel.

In 1989, Forbes magazine declared Escobar as the seventh

richest man in the world, with an estimated personal fortune

of US $25 billion.

While he was a criminal to the U.S. and Colombian

governments, he was a “Robin Hood” to the poor citizens of

Medellin. He built football fields and multi-sports courts,

sponsoring children's football teams, constructed hospitals,

schools and churches.

Escobar was shot and killed by the Colombian National

Police.