MODERN MOVEMENT

2013/2014

Takouk Aya ----------------------Gr:09 td

Slimani Abir ---------------------Gr:09 td

Sellami Imene -------------------Gr:08 td

Slami Chaima -------------------Gr:09 td

Yahia Zakaria -------------------Gr:09 td

Gadda Racha ----------------------Gr:05 td

Farhi Nedjda ----------------------Gr:05 td

Work PlanIntroduction

What the modern movement?

The causes of onset of modern architecture

Modern architecture after 1918 * Bauhaus

Principles and characteristics

Trends in modern movement

Functionalism * Rationalism * Organic * Constructivism * Brutalism

Architects-modern movement leaders

Examples of projects worldwide

Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

The architecture of the 19th century was influenced by the classicism and eclecticism.

In the early 20th century a number of architects felt the numbers need a new architecture based on scientific progress and which could meet the needs of the time. these architects worked at the time.

these architects worked independently on its side in the same direction but these attempts remained isolated acts.

• The architects realized that they had to release imitations and there was a real beauty in the simplicity of geometric shapes.

What the modern movement?

• The modern movement generally refers to artistic production from the early 20th century, including movements, styles and various schools, and whose common point is to be out more or less pronounced with the aesthetic canons in force since Renaissance.

The causes of the appearance of modern architecture

The non adequacy of classical architecture to the needs of society

The crisis after the war and the need to rebuild (faster and cheaper)

The industrialization and the emergence of capitalism

The change of the political situation in Europe (after the war)

Unresolved problems of habitat.

Modern architecture after 1918

The next period was known accelerated evolution of the modern movement.

The most interesting facts were first produced in Europe.

Especially in Germany, France, Holland The two greatest architects that have marked this period are:

Walter Gropius (founder of the Bauhaus)

Le Corbusier (and principles)

BAUHAUS

Bauhaus, founded by Walter Gropius in 1919, in which was developed in fourteen years of existence, a large part of modern aesthetics in design, graphic design, furniture and architecture.

• This school will train a generation of artists, artisans and architects, which are taught the principles of collective creation in the service of art, industry and production.

• One of the objectives of the Bauhaus is the study of the systematic and standardized housing construction with prefabricated elements.

• Bauhaus, where prominent architects teach as Hannes Meyer, Mies van der Rohe and Marcel Breueret.

PRINCIPLES AND CHARACTERISTICS

Out with the past, particularly with neo-classicism and eclecticism of the 19th century .

* Use of new materials (concrete and steel)

* Plateau free is to say free of any interior partition

* The rationality of architectural forms.

* The use of industrial technology and standardization.

* Transparency: which results in a perfect correspondence with inside and outside.

• Using a new architectural vocabulary that Le Corbusier expressed by five principles:

A free plan through posts slabs structure.

Stilts witch free ground traffic

Long windows or banner.

Facade structure.

Roof terrace.

1--FREE PLAN

2--THE PILES

3--LONG WINDOWS

4--FREE FACADE

5--ROOF TERRACE

Trends of the Modern Movement

•Rationalism:

Architectural Current the first third of the 20th century advocating building stripped of ornaments, free from academic or historical past and largely based on functionalism.

•Functionalism :

architectural principle that the shape of buildings and furniture should be an expression of their use.

Functionalism is similar and sometimes confused with rationalism.

This doctrine can not be detached from a framework of wider reflection which aims to reform all the relations of men to buildings.

•organic:

The building must grow beyond its own limits. its own limitations.

The architectural form is actually determined by the function assigned to the building and its environment.

The choice of building materials for their colors, their textures or to their structural characteristics becomes paramount.

Other trends:

Pluralism.

Constructivism.

The Brutalism.

The formalist trend.

leading architects of the modern movement

Adolf Loos, Tony Garnier and Theo Van Doesburg:

they integrate their constructions in the first theories of rationalist architecture,developed by parrationalistesubsequently developed later by

Walter Gropius, Mies van der Rohe, Frank Lloyd Wright and Le Corbusier.

Gropius Walter (1883-1969):

• Architecte, designer, urbaniste et professeur américain d'origine allemande n'avez l'œuvre s'inscrivit Dans Une optique rationaliste et sociale, et qui-fonda le Bauhaus en 1919.

Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959):

• He invented in the United States, functionalism organic inspiration.

Ludwig Mies van der (1886-1969)

• Ludwig Mies van der(1886-1969), American architect origineaméricainGerman-born leader of the architecture of glass and steel of the international style.

Le Corbusier (1887- 1965):

Architecte, urbaniste et théoricien français d’origine suisse. Partisan du fonctionnalisme, Le Corbusier a profondément marqué, tant par son œuvre que par ses écrits, l’architecture du 20ème siècle.

VIDEO ON MODERN ARCHITECTS

Examples

The child care in Rio De Janeiro 1937

• 1937 The first important building Niemeyer, strongly influenced by Le Corbusier. This is a very elongated main building together with a cubic, four-level street side, resting on poles. Shape is defined by climatic conditions: sunshades

The Sao Francisco church, Pampulha, Minas Gerais .1942-1943

A mannerism in the forms:

• The vaulted as the predominant principle of church and annexes form.

• The canopy of the entrance is a relatively very thick slab, based on a rating flared bell upwards, and the other side on extremely thin arches supports.

• Poles.

The government palace, Brazil 1956-1960

• Parliament 1960:

Tour containing MPs' offices in the foreground, a low body building, very elongated, carrying two huge domes covering the Senate and two chambers of deputies who designed special forms.

Ibirapuera Park in Sao Paulo, 1951-1954

• A construction method manifesting clear rejection of the right angle.

• The exhibition halls cubic or rectangular shapes, the Palace of Arts and the hall are connected together by a huge reinforced concrete roof, concave and convex The same contrast orthogonal lines and free-form was found inside the halls.

The Ministry of Education Rio de Janeiro1937-1943 and le Corbusier

• Lucio Costa, Carlos Leão, Jorge Moreira, Oscar Niemeyer, Affonso Reidy E, Ernani Vasconcelosand Le Corbusier.

Organic architecture created by Wright

• She wants to develop a closer relationship with nature.

• He wants to characterize an architecture whose shape is formed as in nature by fulfilling functional needs

• This design should in no case lead to an imitation of the forms of nature.

The house on the cascade 1936

• The house on the waterfall is a poem in stone, air, fire and water.

• The overlapping slabs intersect freely, releasing terraces.

• The use of the possibilities of cantilever in reinforced concrete.

The Guggenheim Museum, New York,studied in 1943-1946 construed in 1957-1959.

Creating Wright becomes evident with the construction of a museum in which are exposed the tables Stijl movement, long, is into history.

This is a volume amounting spiral.

It is not a prototype for museums and not for a museum with paintings of the Renaissance, in which the movement so time plays a crucial role.

This is a typical example for the design of Wright plasticity and continuity of the constructed object.

Opera and Cultural center of Baghdad 1957

• The provision recalls old Babylonian forms of construction.

• Isolated symbolic elements.

• The characteristic decoration Wright at the end of his life (metal sculptures adorn walls and scenes of Arabian Nights)

Conclusion:

The modern movement is a great revolution in the history of architecture, which marked the 20th century, and has responded in the world, coming

solve the problems of his time…

his reputation is due to a new approach to architecture.

Bibliography- Modern architecture JM Richards-

- M Richards in October 1968 347Pages

- Fernand Pouillon Bernard Felix Dubor September 1968 143Pages

- Trends of modern architecture Jurgen Joedicke 179 Pages

- the Modern Movement in architecture Charles Jencks July 1971 Pages 550

- Encarta 2005 - Images (google, yahoo)

- Gougle translate

- …

We hope that you enjoyed our work.ENGLISH PROJECT: APRIL/MAY 2014.