Modern World Modern World Chapter 9Chapter 9

High Middle AgesHigh Middle Ages

Monarchs, Nobles and the Monarchs, Nobles and the ChurchChurch

PowerPower SupportSupport Justice SystemsJustice Systems

– TaxesTaxes– CourtsCourts– LawsLaws

ChurchChurch– TaxesTaxes– CourtsCourts– LawsLaws

Strong Monarchs in EnglandStrong Monarchs in England

InvadersInvaders– AnglesAngles– SaxonsSaxons– VikingsVikings

King Edward-1066King Edward-1066 HaroldHarold

– Brother in lawBrother in law Duke William of Duke William of

NormandyNormandy– Viking Descendant Viking Descendant

King Edward the Confessor

Norman ConquestNorman Conquest

December 25, 1066December 25, 1066 William the William the

ConquerorConqueror– PopePope

Battle of HastingsBattle of Hastings Last successful Last successful

invasion of Englandinvasion of England FrenchFrench Anglo-Saxon Anglo-Saxon

Heritage SurvivesHeritage Survives

William’s Growth of PowerWilliam’s Growth of Power

Tight leashTight leash Fiefs Granted but Fiefs Granted but

Kept lots of LandKept lots of Land Oath of Allegiance Oath of Allegiance CensusCensus

– Domesday BookDomesday Book TaxesTaxes

– Royal ExchequerRoyal Exchequer

Conflict with the ChurchConflict with the Church

Henry IIHenry II– Trials of ClergyTrials of Clergy

Thomas BecketThomas Becket– Archbishop of Archbishop of

CanterburyCanterbury KnightsKnights Becket KilledBecket Killed Henry II Denies Henry II Denies

InvolvementInvolvement Becket a MartyrBecket a Martyr

King JohnKing John Son of Henry IISon of Henry II Three EnemiesThree Enemies

– King Phillip II King of King Phillip II King of FranceFrance

– Pope Innocent IIIPope Innocent III– English NoblesEnglish Nobles

War with FranceWar with France– Anjou and NormandyAnjou and Normandy

Selection of Selection of Archbishop of Archbishop of CanterburyCanterbury– InterdictInterdict– Fief of PapacyFief of Papacy

Trouble with NoblesTrouble with Nobles

Magna CartaMagna Carta– Forced to signForced to sign– June 15, 1215June 15, 1215– Great CharterGreat Charter– Long List of Feudal Long List of Feudal

RightsRights– Protection against Protection against

illegal search and illegal search and seizureseizure

– Great Council of NoblesGreat Council of Nobles– Only Nobles Have Only Nobles Have

RightsRights– Later all peopleLater all people

Development of ParliamentDevelopment of Parliament

Great CouncilGreat Council– Magna CartaMagna Carta

Power FluctuatedPower Fluctuated MoneyMoney CommonsCommons

– House of CommonsHouse of Commons Nobles and ClergyNobles and Clergy

– House of LordsHouse of Lords

France: The CapetiansFrance: The Capetians

Hugh Capet-987Hugh Capet-987– Count of ParisCount of Paris

Weak-No threatWeak-No threat

Family Increases Family Increases PowerPower

HereditaryHereditary 300 years300 years ChurchChurch Efficient Efficient

Bureaucracy Bureaucracy

Phillip AugustusPhillip Augustus Phillip IIPhillip II Strengthened Royal Strengthened Royal

PowerPower Middle Class Middle Class

Professionals made Professionals made government officials government officials

National TaxNational Tax Standing ArmyStanding Army Increased Land Increased Land

holdingsholdings Most Powerful leader in Most Powerful leader in

Europe before his Europe before his death in 1223death in 1223

Louis IX King and SaintLouis IX King and Saint 1226 becomes king1226 becomes king Kind, generous, respectfulKind, generous, respectful Made a Saint 30 years Made a Saint 30 years

after deathafter death Persecuted Heretics and Persecuted Heretics and

JewsJews Fought two wars against Fought two wars against

the Muslimsthe Muslims Sent out roving officials Sent out roving officials

and expanded Justice and expanded Justice systemsystem

Made France a centralized Made France a centralized monarchymonarchy

Phillip IVPhillip IV Grandson of Louis IXGrandson of Louis IX Collected more taxes from Collected more taxes from

ClergyClergy– Upset Pope Boniface VIIIUpset Pope Boniface VIII

Pope forbade taxes on Pope forbade taxes on clergy w/o papal consentclergy w/o papal consent

Phillip said he would arrest Phillip said he would arrest those who would not paythose who would not pay

Phillip sent troops to seize Phillip sent troops to seize BonifaceBoniface

Boniface escaped but Boniface escaped but would die laterwould die later

Shortly after a Frenchman Shortly after a Frenchman was elected Pope and the was elected Pope and the papal court was moved to papal court was moved to Avignon, FranceAvignon, France

Estates GeneralEstates General

Phillip IV set upPhillip IV set up– Rally against Rally against

BonifaceBoniface Meeting of all three Meeting of all three

Estates or classesEstates or classes– ClergyClergy– NoblesNobles– TownspeopleTownspeople

The Holy Roman EmpireThe Holy Roman Empire Dukes of SaxonyDukes of Saxony 936-Duke Otto I of Saxony936-Duke Otto I of Saxony

– 11stst King of Germany King of Germany Worked with ChurchWorked with Church Took an army to defend Took an army to defend

PopePope 962 crowned emperor by 962 crowned emperor by

popepope– Successors would call Successors would call

themselves Holy Roman themselves Holy Roman EmperorsEmperors

Claimed Power over much of Claimed Power over much of eastern and western Europeeastern and western Europe

Emperor’s VassalsEmperor’s Vassals Appointment of Church Appointment of Church

OfficialsOfficials

Pope Gregory VIIPope Gregory VII

Neutral and Neutral and AdmiredAdmired

Hated by enemiesHated by enemies Wanted to rid Wanted to rid

church of secular church of secular rulersrulers

Lay investiture Lay investiture – Ring and StaffRing and Staff

Emperor Henry IVEmperor Henry IV Angry about ban of lay Angry about ban of lay

investiture investiture Land=AllegianceLand=Allegiance Nobles side with popeNobles side with pope ExcommunicatedExcommunicated Subjects freed from Subjects freed from

emperoremperor RepentsRepents Goes back to Germany Goes back to Germany

to put down Noblesto put down Nobles Later would lead an Later would lead an

army into Rome and army into Rome and force the Pope into force the Pope into exileexile

Concordant of WormsConcordant of Worms

1122 treaty 1122 treaty Ended struggle Ended struggle

over lay investitureover lay investiture PopePope

– Invest spiritual Invest spiritual authorityauthority

EmperorEmperor– Invest them with Invest them with

fiefsfiefs

Italy: Frederick BarbarossaItaly: Frederick Barbarossa

Emperor Frederick I Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa “red Barbarossa “red

beard”beard” Wanted EmpireWanted Empire Northern ItalyNorthern Italy

– Joined with popeJoined with pope Lombard LeagueLombard League Defeats BarbarossaDefeats Barbarossa

Marriage b/w son Marriage b/w son Henry and Constance Henry and Constance heir to Sicily heir to Sicily

Frederick IIFrederick II

Child of Henry and Child of Henry and ConstanceConstance

German Nobles German Nobles more Independentmore Independent

Most of time spent Most of time spent in Italyin Italy

Clashed with Popes Clashed with Popes over Northern over Northern citiescities

Effects on Germany and Effects on Germany and ItalyItaly

Frederick II in ItalyFrederick II in Italy German Nobles German Nobles

more independentmore independent Holy Roman Holy Roman

Empire Survives-Empire Survives-but becomes but becomes fragmentedfragmented

Germany remains Germany remains disunited for 600 disunited for 600 yearsyears

Height of Church PowerHeight of Church Power

Pope Innocent III-1198Pope Innocent III-1198– SupremacySupremacy

Excommunication of Excommunication of JohnJohn

Phillip II –Phillip II –Excommunication and Excommunication and InterdictInterdict

Crusade against Crusade against AlbigensiansAlbigensians– Phillip IIPhillip II

World of 1050World of 1050

Thriving worldThriving world ByzantinesByzantines ChinaChina IndiaIndia IslamicIslamic MayansMayans Seljuk TurksSeljuk Turks

– ByzantineByzantine– Holy LandsHoly Lands– PalestinePalestine

The CrusadesThe Crusades

Byzantine Emperor Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Alexius I – Pope Urban IIPope Urban II– TurksTurks

Council Of Council Of ClermontClermont

Muslims had Muslims had violently Invaded violently Invaded their landtheir land

MotivesMotives

God wills itGod wills it Thousands of Thousands of

KnightsKnights Religious ZealReligious Zeal WealthWealth Urban IIUrban II Heal the SchismHeal the Schism

Victories and DefeatsVictories and Defeats 200 years 200 years 11stst Crusade Crusade

– Jerusalem-1099Jerusalem-1099– 4 Smaller States4 Smaller States

1187 Muslims take back 1187 Muslims take back JerusalemJerusalem– Salah al-Din or SaladinSalah al-Din or Saladin

33rdrd Crusade Crusade– Failed to take back Failed to take back

JerusalemJerusalem– PilgrimagePilgrimage

N. AfricaN. Africa 44thth Crusade Crusade

– Fighting ChristiansFighting Christians– AcreAcre

Last Christian OutpostLast Christian Outpost

Effects of CrusadeEffects of Crusade

Economic Economic expansionexpansion

Increased power Increased power for Monarchsfor Monarchs

The ChurchThe Church Wider WorldviewWider Worldview

Reconquista in SpainReconquista in Spain

Christian AdvancesChristian Advances City of ToldeoCity of Toldeo 1300 Spain back in 1300 Spain back in

controlcontrol Muslim InfluenceMuslim Influence Ferdinand of Ferdinand of

Aragon and Aragon and Isabella of CastileIsabella of Castile– Unified StateUnified State– Persecution of Jews Persecution of Jews

and Muslimsand Muslims

Life in High Middle AgesLife in High Middle Ages

Medieval Medieval UniversitiesUniversities– Academic guildsAcademic guilds

Salerno and Bologna-Salerno and Bologna-ItalyItaly

Paris and OxfordParis and Oxford

– Student LifeStudent Life PrayerPrayer ClassClass Lunch and DinerLunch and Diner Route MemorizationRoute Memorization Liberal ArtsLiberal Arts

Europeans acquire new Europeans acquire new learninglearning

Roman and GreekRoman and Greek TranslationsTranslations PhilosophyPhilosophy

– AristotleAristotle– ScholasticismScholasticism

Thomas AquinasThomas Aquinas

Science and MathScience and Math– Hindu-Arabic Hindu-Arabic

NumbersNumbers Medieval LiteratureMedieval Literature

– VernacularVernacular

Architecture and ArtArchitecture and Art

RomanesqueRomanesque GothicGothic

– Flying ButtressFlying Buttress Art in Stone and Art in Stone and

GlassGlass Illuminated Illuminated

ManuscriptsManuscripts

The Black DeathThe Black Death

Global EpidemicGlobal Epidemic Bubonic PlagueBubonic Plague RatsRats Social UpheavalSocial Upheaval Economic EffectsEconomic Effects Upheaval in churchUpheaval in church

Divisions Within the Catholic Divisions Within the Catholic ChurchChurch

Pope Clement VPope Clement V– Avignon Avignon – Babylonian Babylonian

CaptivityCaptivity Pope in RomePope in Rome Council of Council of

ConstanceConstance

New HeresiesNew Heresies

John Wycliffe John Wycliffe – Oxford ProfessorOxford Professor– Attacked CorruptionAttacked Corruption– BibleBible

John HusJohn Hus– BohemiaBohemia

Czech RepublicCzech Republic

– Burned at the stakeBurned at the stake

Hundred Years’ WarHundred Years’ War CausesCauses English VictoryEnglish Victory

– CrecyCrecy– PoitiersPoitiers

Long BowLong Bow Joan of Arc and French Joan of Arc and French

VictoryVictory– Charles VIICharles VII– VisionVision– Captured by EnglishCaptured by English

Tried for WitchcraftTried for Witchcraft– MartyrMartyr– French CannonFrench Cannon

Effects of the Hundred Years’ Effects of the Hundred Years’ WarWar

England and France England and France sent on different pathssent on different paths

EnglandEngland– Money from ParliamentMoney from Parliament

Power of the PursePower of the Purse

FranceFrance– Monarchs gain more Monarchs gain more

powerpower Long bow and Cannon Long bow and Cannon

revolutionized warrevolutionized war