modernisation of library resources emerging trends for engineering colleges
TRANSCRIPT
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Modernisation of Library Resources: Emerging trends for Engineering Colleges
Dr. H. Anil Kumar
Librarian, IIM Ahmedabad
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Outline
• Trends in the Education and its Ecosystem
• Libraries and their relevance today
• Emerging trends in managing libraries
• A case of Vikram Sarabhai Library
• A few useful resources
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http://onicra.com/intranet/2013/Onicra-Pulse-Jan-2013-Quality-of-Education-In-India-v2.html
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India Skills Report 2014 by People Strong, Wheebox and CII
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Government Initiatives in Education• Improve Access
– More institutions– Improve infrastructure– E-learning– Improve GER
• Improve quality– Entry - admissions– Experience
• Design - curriculum• Delivery – pedagogy• Choice based credits• Teacher training• Learning materials
– Evaluation• Learning focus• Application orientation• Grades vs marks
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http://www.aicte-india.org/stinstitutes.php
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http://www.thenational.ae/business/technology/lack-of-demand-and-poor-quality-blamed-for-decline-in-enrolment-in-indias-engineering-colleges
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Source: Indiastats database
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000
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India and education• Education
– Identify what to get educated on
– Identify which institution provides it
– Apply –Exam - Admission – Fees
– Coursework – Exam – Certificate (credible)
• Education today
– Too many applicants and too few seats
– India GER is a little over 19%
– Unemployable – skill deficiency
– Employer is educating!
• Quality of education
– Lack of access to
• Teachers
• Courses
• Information Resources
• Something wrong in pedagogy
– Low reading – Academically adrift
– 5% learning in the classroom
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“Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school..."- Albert Einstein
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Resources 20%Environment 20%Connectivity 20%Output 40%
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Society
Government
Institutions
Scholarship
Publishing
Peer review
Information
Data
Technology
Knowledge
Education
Talent
OPEN ECOSYSTEM
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topcoder.com
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okfn.org/opendata/
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http://index.okfn.org/
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oaspa.org
scholarlyoa.com
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http://www.openscholar.org.uk/open-peer-review/
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http://www.openedition.org/
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• The proportion of the UK’s total annual research output that was available through open access in 2012 was about 40%, compared to a worldwide average of 20%.
• The latest data from the UK Open Access Implementation Group shows that 35% of the UK’s total research outputs are freely provided through Green, through an existing network of more than 200 active institutional and disciplinary repositories
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Serials expenditures have been rising at approximatelytriple the rate of the consumer price index over this time
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http://www.opendoar.org/
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https://www.oercommons.org/
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http://nptel.ac.in/
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http://ocw.mit.edu/
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http://www.openuped.eu/
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https://www.edx.org/
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https://www.coursera.org/
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http://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in
http://fossee.in/
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• Michael Ellsberg
• The author of The Education of Millionaires: It’s Not What You Think and It’s Not Too Late.
• He spent two years interviewing the nation’s most successful people who didn’t graduate college, and who instead majored in street smarts
Read more: http://business.time.com/2012/07/12/the-glorious-end-of-higher-educations-monopoly-on-credibility/#ixzz2D8AMYSQt
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http://www.computer.org/portal/web/e-learning/home
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www.jaaga.in
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Technology Advantages
• Learn at your own pace and interest
• Supplement learning in the classroom
• Less dependency on formal support
• Explore new ways of learning
• Variety and wide range of topics
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Learning and education
• Formal methods– Classroom training– Laboratory training– On the job or apprenticeship
• Non-formal methods– Self-study and Reading– Watching, seeing and trying
• Sources– Institutes / schools / industries / employers– Libraries and laboratories– Internet
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Libraries
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Why go beyond formal methods?
• The 95 Percent Solution: School is not where most Americans learn most of their science by John H. Falk and Lynn D. Dierking
• Recent findings challenge the longstanding belief that the place for science knowledge acquisition is the classroom.
• International comparisons of trends in science knowledge over lifetimes suggests that much if not most science knowledge is acquired outside of school.
American Scientist: v. 98 (Nov-Dec), 2010
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• The prison industry needs to plan its future growth –
how many cells are they going to need?
How many prisoners are there going to be, 15 years from now?
• And they found they could predict it very easily, using a pretty simple algorithm, based on asking what percentage of 10 and 11-year-olds couldn't read. And certainly couldn't read for pleasure.
Indian Express, December 14, 2104
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• Well-meaning adults can easily destroy a child's love of reading: stop them reading what they
enjoy, or give them worthy-but-dull books that you like, the 21st-century
equivalents of Victorian "improving" literature. You'll wind up with a generation convinced that reading is uncool and worse, unpleasant.
• China in 2007, at the first party-approved science fiction and fantasy convention in Chinese history.
• It's simple, he told me. The Chinese were brilliant at making things if other people brought them
the plans. But they did not innovate and they did not invent. They did not imagine. So they sent a delegation to the US, to
Apple, to Microsoft, to Google, and they asked the people there who were inventing the future about themselves.
• And they found that all of them had read science fiction when they were boys or girls.
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Universities, ours and theirs
Krishna Kumar (in The Hindu, August 9, 2012)
• Recruitment of faculty
• Concept of teaching (periods)
• Concept of knowledge – research
• Library
• The fourth critical difference lies in the library. In the West, even in the most ordinary universities, the library forms the centre of life, both for teachers and students. Librarians enjoy a high status as their contribution to academic life cuts across academic disciplines…..
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www.libraryasincubatorproject.org
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• Librarians versus Search Engines• Discoverability versus Availability• Access versus Control
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Indian Express, Aug 24, 2014
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Libraries
Users
• Students
• Faculty
• Others
Collection
• Physical
• Digital
Staff
• Professional
• Others
Services
• Physical
• Digital
• Collection
• Space
• AccessibilityPhysical
• Content
• Design: User friendly
• Least restrictionsDigital
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Understanding the trends
USERS
Technology
CollectionStaff
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Libraries Internal and External sources
• Student Projects• Syllabus and course design• Technical Notes• Course Materials• Student made
Tools/Materials• News Paper Clippings
(Jobs/Courses)• Question papers
• Commercial– Books– Videos / CDs– Online resources
• Open Access– Books– Journals– Educational Videos– Educational courseware
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Tech
no
logi
es
in L
ibra
rie
s Library Automation
Proprietary to OSS
Storage
Devices to Cloud
Identification
Barcode, Tattle-tape, RFID, Biometric, etc
Information Capture
Key board, Scanner, Digital Cameras, Mobiles
Network
Client-server, P2P, Internet, Cloud
Databases
Books, articles, reports, aggregators, publishers, Irs
Integration and Management
Catalogs, IRs, Multimedia, Datasets, Archives, etc
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Technologies in Libraries
• User Focus– need not worry where the information is located– Anytime-Anywhere, Device independence– Less human interface (RFID)– Customised and profile based display, search, update, etc
• Usage statistics – walk-ins, usage, downloads, ROI
• Retrieval Convenience– Seamless integration of various sources/formats– Remote login / VPN– Simple OPAC to Federated searches to Discovery
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Trends
• Ownership to Access
• Closed to open systems
• Mass to Niche
• Skills to knowledge
• Referral to reference
• Search to Discovery
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Discovery service
• Single search – interface - Integrated approach
• Central index - Subscribed content - Connectors
• Open Access Resources
• Enhanced refinements like facets, topics, geographies, formats, etc
• Display of integrated results – relevancy, date, etc
• Fast response time
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http://www.librarytechnology.org/discovery.pl
• AquaBrowser – Proquest
• Axiell Arena
• Biblio Commons
• Blacklight (OSS)– Columbia, Cornell, etc
• Chamo – VTLS (III)
• Encore – Innovative Interfaces Inc.
• Enterprise – SirsiDynix
• Iguana – Infor
• VUFind (OSS) – Villanova University
• EBSCO’s Discovery Service (EDS)
• Ex Libris Ltd.’s Primo Central Index (PCI)
• Serials Solutions’ Summon (SSS)
• OCLC’s WorldCat Local (WCL)
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Criteria
• Trial and costs• Actual discovery - search• Strength of the Central
Index• Content connectors• Content neutrality vs
convenience • Integration with ILMS,
Union Catalogue, IR, etc• Search Features and user
customisation• Advanced search
• Web 2.0• Subject guides• Local customisation like
market research reports, videos, etc
• Branding the library• Next gen features like Mobile• Opinion / experience of
fellow professionals
• Of course the support and delivery!
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Other Key Issues and opportunities
• Staffing
• Research Assistance, Database mining, IL, etc
• Resource / product understanding
• Professional managers
• Information Literacy
• Archiving Institutional Knowledge -Institutional Repositories
• Lib 2.0; Long Tail
• Open Access; Legal Issues (DMCA,..)
• Space – digital and physical - Reading Space
• Outsourcing
– IT: ILS, Hardware, Software - SaaS to PaaS to IaaS
– Manpower
• Routine jobs
• IT staff
• Remote login, Discovery, IR
• News archives
• RFID, etc
• Ebooks – Demo!
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Libraries
Education is moving from
• Information sharing to learning
• Teacher to learner
Libraries have to move from supporting to partnering roles and facilitate:
• Reading
• Discussion
• Incubation
• Connecting
Safe, Social and Learning spaces
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The key is…
• User convenience
– whether it is …• Book recommendation
• Remote login
• Federated search and discovery
• Access beyond our library - Union catalogue / ILL
• The future is OPEN
– OSS, OLE, extensible catalog, etc
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Regulatory perspectives
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AICTE Requirements
• Modern library
• Important part of inspection / verification
• List of books (titles)
• Last three pages of accession register
• Invoices of latest purchases, etc
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AIC
TE A
pp
rova
l Pro
cess
Han
db
oo
k 2
01
3-1
4
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NAAC PerspectiveCriteria University Autonomous
College
Affiliated/
Constituent College
I Curricular Aspects 150
(15)
100
(10)
50
(5)
II Teaching-Learning and Evaluation 250
(25)
350
(35)
450
(45)
III Research, Consultancy and Extension 200
(20)
150
(15)
100
(10)
IV Infrastructure and Learning Resources 100
(10)
100
(10)
100
(10)
V Student Support and Progression 100
(10)
100
(10)
100
(10)
VI Governance and Leadership 150
(15)
150
(15)
150
(15)
VII Innovative practices 50
(5)
50
(5)
50
(5)
Total Score 1000 1000 1000
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NAAC Perspective
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• Does the library have an Advisory Committee? Specify the composition of the committee.
• What significant initiatives have been taken by the committee to render the library student/user friendly?
NAAC Perspective
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• Total area of the library (in Sq. Mts.)
• Total seating capacity
• Working hours (on working days, on holidays, before examination, during examination, during vacation)
• Layout of the library (individual reading carrels, lounge area for browsing and relaxed reading, IT zone for accessing e-resources)
• Clear and prominent display of floor plan; adequate sign boards; fire alarm; access to differently-abled users and mode of access to collection
NAAC Perspective
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a) Print (books, back volumes and theses)
b) Average number of books added during the last three years
c) Non Print (Microfiche, AV)
d) Electronic (e-books, e-journals)
e) Special collections (e.g. text books, reference books, standards, patents)
NAAC Perspective: Collections
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What tools does the library deploy to provide access to the collection?
• OPAC, Electronic Resource Management package for e-journals
• Federated searching tools to search articles in multiple databases
• Library Website
• In-house/remote access to e-publications
• Library automation
• Total number of computers for public access
• Total numbers of printers for public access
• Internet band width speed 2mbps / 10 mbps / 1 GB
• Institutional Repository
• Content management system for e-learning
• Participation in resource sharing networks/consortia (like INFLIBNET)
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Usage• Average number of walk-ins
• Average number of books issued/returned
• Ratio of library books to students enrolled
• Average number of books added during the last four years
• Average number of login to OPAC
• Average number of login to e-resources
• Average number of e-resources downloaded/printed
• Number of IT (Information Technology) literacy trainings organized
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Specialized services
• Manuscripts, Reference
• Reprography
• Inter-library Loan Service
• Information Deployment and Notification
• OPACS
• Internet Access
• Downloads
• Printouts
• Reading list/ Bibliography compilation
• In-house/remote access to e-resources
• User Orientation
• Assistance in searching Databases
• INFLIBNET/IUC facilities
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• Provide details of the annual library budget and the amount spent for purchasing new books and journals.
• What initiatives has the university taken to make the library a ‘happening place’ on campus?
• What are the strategies used by the library to collect feedback from its users?
• How is the feedback analysed and used for the improvement of the library services?
• List the efforts made towards the infrastructural development of the library in the last four years.
NAAC Perspective
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An ideal engineering library
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Recommendations
• The minimum floor space required should be not less than 5,000 sq ft for a student strength of upto 240. Beyond this the space should proportionately increase.
• The library should have minimum of one journals database for each branch
• At least one e-book database
• Open Access resources should be tapped and also create your own repository (student project reports, etc)
• The library at the start should have at least four qualified (MLISc) staff at librarian (with around 10 years experience) and assistant librarian levels. The librarian should be treated equivalent to faculty. They can be supported by 3 interns and 2 stack assistants.
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Recommendations
• The library should adopt open source software for its automation and other services like institutional repository, etc.
• The usage of library should be documented and monitored.
• A part of the library should allow users to bring their own materials and use library as a learning, reading and discussion space. This should be available 24X7.
• Libraries should have membership of important larger libraries of IITs, IIMs, Societies, INDEST Consortium, INFLIBNET, etc.
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Library Budget
60 students 120 students 180 students 240 students 300 students 360 students
Students fee at 50,000 30,00,000 60,00,000 90,00,000 1,20,00,000 1,50,00,000 1,80,00,000
Library Budget
at 4% 1,20,000 2,40,000 3,60,000 4,80,000 6,00,000 7,20,000
at 6.5% 1,95,000 3,90,000 5,85,000 7,80,000 9,75,000 11,70,000
at 10% 3,00,000 6,00,000 9,00,000 12,00,000 15,00,000 18,00,000
240 students 480 students 720 students 960 students 1,200 students 1,440 students
Students fee at 50,000 1,20,00,000 2,40,00,000 3,60,00,000 4,80,00,000 6,00,00,000 7,20,00,000
Library Budget
at 4% 4,80,000 9,60,000 14,40,000 19,20,000 24,00,000 28,80,000
at 6.5% 7,80,000 15,60,000 23,40,000 31,20,000 39,00,000 46,80,000
at 10% 12,00,000 24,00,000 36,00,000 48,00,000 60,00,000 72,00,000
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E-resource Spending (in Rs.) 18 lakhs (indicative)
IEEE 6,10,000
ASME Or Springer or Wiley 1,50,000
ASCE or Wiley 1,70,000
McGraw Hill Eng 1,32,000
Elsevier 4,00,000
ASTM Digital Library 75,000
Ebrary 2,50,000
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IT and related investmentServer 500X2 GB,4GB - Rs. 2.00 L
10 computers - Rs. 4.00 L
Barcode readers - 2- Rs. 0.12 L
Printers 2 - Rs. 0.20 L
Photocopier/ Scanner/ Printer- Rs. 2.20 L
Total (approx) - Rs. 8.5 lakhs
• ILS – Rs 1L• Remote Rs. 0.50 L
• 15% AMC• Internet (campus)– Rs. 10 lakhs p.a
• RFID, CCTV etc
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Relevant Library Networks
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DELNEThttp://delnet.nic.in
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INDESThttp://paniit.iitd.ac.in/indest/
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INFL
IBN
ETw
ww
.infl
ibn
et.a
c.in
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CHEERS
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Focused Services• Faculty
– Induction
– Individual research based
– Remote login
– Database support
• Student
– Personalised (ex: ABM)
– Clubwise
– Remote login
– Display of books by alumni / faculty
• RA / TA
– Personalised help
– Sessions
• External Researchers
– Library Membership
– NICMAN membership
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♦ The library has been automated using Koha
♦ Discovery Search Engine
♦ A – Z Journal Search
♦ Remote login solution
♦ VSL is wi-fi enabled
♦ D-space for IR
♦ Website using – Joomla
♦ Collection is bar-coded
Information Technology Applications @ VSL
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Integration of IR & catalog, Search can be Limit to
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Facility to limit Search with other
IIMs catalog
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Year to year usage of EDS and journal downloads
Year SearchesTotal Full
TextPDF Full Text HTML Full Text
Image/Video
Abstract Smart Link To Custom Link
2014 87,24,501 51,672 45,508 6,080 4 48,084 4,299 12,566
2013 60,90,507 42,173 37,829 3,831 5 45,901 2,941 11,002
2012 20,49,743 22,885 20,804 1,443 7 23,050 1,280 5,119
Total 1,68,64,751 116,730 104,141 11,354 16 117,035 8,520 28,687
0200400600800
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014(Up toOct 14)
Per day Usage
Per day Usage
Year Per day Usage
2008 354
2009 471
2010 368
2011 468
2012 580
2013 608
2014 581
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Library transactions (2008 through 2014)
Particulars 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Daily Walk In (Average per
day)167 171 205 204 259 355 387
Circulations (Average per
day)80 84 80 77 82 90 100
Inter Library Loan and
Reference (Average per
month)
83 76 83 93 82 117 177
Books Added (Average per
month)231 175 231 273 263 242 659
Data Validation (Average per
day)135 135 135 135 135
Database searches Average
per day972 12,632 8,592 8,021 8,457 22,490 30,362*
Journals downloads Average
per day354 471 368 468 580 608 581*
Library OPAC
page views / per day642**
Library Website
page views / per day445**
Institutional Repository
page views / per day 384**
* Jan to Oct** Mar to Nov
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tryengineering.org
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