modernism
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Modernism. 1914-1945. Historical Background World War I. World conflict lasting from 1914 to 1919 The second bloodiest conflict in recorded history. 8 million died worldwide. Historical Background World War I: Economic Effects. Boom in Technology and Industry Competitive work force - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Modernism1914-1945
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Historical BackgroundWorld War I
• World conflict lasting from 1914 to 1919
• The second bloodiest conflict in recorded history.
• 8 million died worldwide
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Historical BackgroundWorld War I: Economic Effects
• Boom in Technology and Industry
• Competitive work force
• Jobs for women (women’s rights; 19th amendment)
• Economic Security
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The Roaring 20’s• 1st radio station on air• Boom in automobile
production• Radical change in
women’s fashions (flappers)
• General carefree feeling of security due to America’s growing economy
• Flourishing film industry
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The Great Depression
• Began in October 1929 with the stock market crash.
• Longest and worst period of high unemployment and low business activity in modern time.
• Millions of Americans jobless, homeless, and penniless. Many people came to depend on the government or charity to provide them with food.
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Modernist Literature
• Themes– Inferred versus directly stated– Reflected lack of optimism, feelings of uncertainty
and disillusionment.• Characteristics– Wide variety of new approaches– Fragmentation/stream-of-consciousness: omission of
exposition, transitions, resolutions, and understandings used in traditional literature.
– Juxtaposition of ideas, images, words, etc.
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Modernist Poetry
• Abandonment of traditional forms• Use of free verse and improvisation• Clear, concrete images (known as “Imagism”)• Use of every day language• Unique typography and punctuation (e.e.
cummings, for example)
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“The Red Wheelbarrow”
so much dependsupon
a red wheelbarrow
glazed with rainwater
beside the whitechickens
-- William Carlos Williams
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“This is Just to Say”
I have eatenthe plumsthat were inthe iceboxand which you were probablysaving for breakfast
Forgive methey were deliciousso sweet and so cold
-- William Carlos Williams
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Modernist Authors
• Robert Frost• e.e. cummings• Carl Sandburg• F. Scott Fitzgerald• John Steinbeck• Ernest Hemingway• Katherine Anne Porter• Eudora Welty
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The Harlem Renaissance-1920s – 1930s
• Following WWI, many African American soldiers were disillusioned to find that their loyalty to their country was one-sided.
• Many moved to northern urban areas in search of jobs and equality.
• Harlem became the center of a spiritual coming-of-age.
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Philosophical Divide
Marcus Garvey• Leader of the “Back to
Africa” MovementBelieved African Americans
should not assimilate to American cultural norms; rather, they should focus on going back to the motherland
W.E.B Dubois• Sociologist; Co-founder of
the NAACP; historian, writerBelieved in desegregation and
equal rights for African Americans in the United States
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Jazz Age
• Duke Ellington• Louis Armstrong• Ella Fitzgerald• Josephine Baker• Billie Holiday
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Harlem Art
Jacob Lawrence Aaron DouglasPrimitivism
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Harlem Renaissance Literature
• Celebrated racial identity and pride, group expression, and self-determination.
• Documented experiences of African Americans.
• Raised America’s consciousness of racism• Opened the door for future writers such as
Toni Morrison, Alice Walker, Maya Angelou, and Walter Mosely.
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Writers of the Harlem Renaissance
• Zora Neale Hurston• Langston Hughes• Claude McKay• Jean Toomer• Countee Cullen• Arna Bontemps