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Modernizing America From the Wild West to the Big City 1860 1920

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The American West The Second Industrial Revolution Life at the Turn of the Century

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Go West! Why?

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Sioux Cheyenne Nez Perce Apache Whites

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U.S. Policy From forced removal (Jackson 1830) To forced relocation to reservations and then

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Conflict Culture Nomad lifestyle of Plains Indians Land should not be owned Buffalo Center of Indians life Use everything for life Whites herd them and kill for hides and sport

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War Sandy Creek Massacre 150 women and children Battle of Little Big Horn Sitting Bull defeats Custer Wounded Knee

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Sitting Bull and George Custer

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Native American Warriors

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Wounded Knee Custers old cavalry slaughters Sioux tribe while doing Ghost Dance. Marched them freezing to camp. Shot fired; 300 dead. END of Indian wars.

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U.S. Policy From forced removal (Jackson 1830) To forced relocation to reservations and thenassimilation

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Laws Dawes Act End Reservation system Make Indians land owners 160 acres to head of family 80 to single over 18

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Mining and Ranching Wild Wild West

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Cowboys Herded Texas longhorns up to Great Plains. Loaded on a train to be shipped to Chicago. WHY? Growing demand for beef in the East because cities expanding.

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Cowboys and Wild West Dodge City, KS Tombstone, AZ Billy the Kid Doc Holliday Wyatt Earp Buffalo Bill

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Immortalizing the West E.Z. Judson writer or dime novels Iconized the wild west

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End of the Cowboy Barbed wire Refrigerated railcar

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Railroads Railroads open the west Irish and Chinese immigrants primary labor Transcontinental railroad connects a Promontory Point, Utah

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Big Business of Railroads 1865 - 35,000 miles of track 1900 193,000 miles of track Greatest impact on America Economy National market Mass consumption production Specialization New industries Connects east and west Encourages travel

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Railroads Companies B & O Pennsylvania (Reading) New York Make rails compatible Consolidate competition

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Questions Who should own the railroads? Private businessmen or the government?

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Railroad Politics Corrupt Railroads Consolidated rails price, gouged and took bribes. Small farmers were charged high rates Big farmers paid bribes

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Farming Problems

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Life on the Great Plains Exodusters-black settlers. Soddy- house made out of grass and sod.

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Changes in Farming Commercialization Small farmer driven out of business Buy household goods Sears and Roebuck catalogs Specialization Concentrate on one large cash crop

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Farming is Big Business Bonanza farms-large farms Hurt smaller farms Cant compete.

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Prices hurt Farmers Machinery expensive-took out loans. Household good go up. Railroads raise rates Prices for crops began to fall 1870s. Wheat Corn 1867 $2.00 $.78 1889.70.23

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Farmers Organize Form the Farmers Alliances- educate farmers and lobby the govt. National Grange Movement Oliver H. Kelly Political Actions Granger Laws passed in states Control railroad short haul rates

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States can regulate short haul or inside state hauling but what about across state lines?

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Laws Interstate Commerce Act Sets up ICC that could investigate and penalize Unreasonable and unjust rates or any discriminatory practices by railroads.

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List and explain 2 ways the railroads impacted the U.S. Economy? List and explain 2 ways farming changed and the problems farmers face