modul 2 conjunctions
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Structure 2 : CONJUNCTIONSPertemuan 2 : 11 Maret 2012
Ai Melani
Universitas Terbuka
Korea Selatan
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Introductions
3. Subordinate conjuctions
2. Correlative conjunctions
1. Coordinate conjuntions
Conjuntions:Kata Penghubung
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KEGIATAN BELAJAR 1
Coordinate Conjunctions
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TIU: Coordinate Conjunctions (CC)
Coordinate conjuctionsmenghubungkan part of
sentences
Coordinate conjuntionsmenggabungkan phrases
Coordinate conjunctionsmenggunakan dalamcompound sentences
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Coordinate Conjunctions
And
But
Or
Yet
So
For
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Coordinate Conjunctions (CC)
1
Structural Unit Joined ByCoordinate Conjunctions
2
Functional Unit Joined by
Coordinate Conjunctions
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Structural Unit Joined By CoordinateConjunctions
Word Joined by CC: menghubungkan kata (unit) yangsederajat Noun&Noun (kata benda), verb&verb(kata kerja), adjective&adjective (kata sifat),adverb&adverb (kata keterangan)
Phrases Joined by CC: menghubungkan dua frasaatau lebih. Frasa adalah kelompok kata yang salingberhubungan tidak punya subjek, predikat maupunpelengkap.
Clauses Joined by CC:menggabungkan dependentclause dan independent clauses.
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Noun
Anton and Toni
Table and chair
Books andPencils
Paper, cloth, orwood
Children, menand woman
verb
Slipped and fell
Jumped andran
Type and Print
Listen,write orread
Sing,dance, andplay
Adjectives
Tall and slim
Stupid butbeautiful
Small or tall
Happy, cheer,or melancholy
Cheap,economical, orexpensive
Adverb
Slowly and
carefully Quickly but
quietly
Late or early
Clearly, loudly orintelligently
Always,often ornever
Word Joined by CC: menghubungkan kata (unit) yang sederajat
Noun&Noun (kata benda), verb&verb (kata kerja), adjective&adje
ctive (kata sifat), adverb&adverb (kata keterangan).
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Toni and anton fought each other in a dual
The artist used paper, cloth, and wood to make hercollage
The old woman slipped and feel in the pavement
The thief move quickly and quietly
I will inform you if and when he comes Shinta is beautiful, diligent, and intelligent
Ani is beautiful, diligent, but stupid
Is this dictionary mine or yours?
Word Joined by CC: menghubungkan kata (unit) yang sederajat
Noun&Noun (kata benda), verb&verb (kata kerja), adjective&adje
ctive (kata sifat), adverb&adverb (kata keterangan).
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The choir sang the traditional songs and the nationalanthem beautifully.
He occupied his time in writing poetry, composing music,and playing the piano.
Are they studying English, typing his project, or playinggames on a computer?
My big brother, my mother, and my little sister look alike. Did the students study in the classroom or under the
trees?
Eating healthy food and drinking mineral water is
supposed to be good for you.
Phrases Joined by CC: menghubungkan dua frasa atau lebih. Frasa
adalah kelompok kata yang saling berhubungan tidak punya subjek
, predikat maupun pekengkap. Bisa menggunakan and, or dan but
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t
CC yang digunakan untuk menggabungkandependent clauses adalah and, or dan but
He married a woman who was very intelligent andcharming, butwho could not cook at all.
He is not very happy although he has a beautiful house,andalthough he has a lot of money.
I will go with you after I have finished my work, or after Ihave my lunch.
Clauses Joined by CC:menggabungkan dependent
clause dan independent clauses.
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CC yang digunakan untuk menggabungkanindependent clauses adalahand,or,but,yet,so dan for
Cinderella thought the prince had forgotten her, buthehad not.
The t-shirt is too small for you,yet it fits nicely to me. The teacher finished teaching, and she went to home.
Clauses Joined by CC:menggabungkan dependent
clause dan independent clauses.
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Functional Unit Joined By CoordinateConjunctions
Compound Subjects
Compound Predicate
Compound Object
Compound modifier
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Amir and Sani are from west Java
His house and my house are near.
How he looks or where he come from does not
important to me.
Who he is or what he is does not matter too muchfor me
Compound Subjects.
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Kan
They cook,eat and sleep in the same room.
They read and write in English.
He took a bath,dressed up and went to
school.
Compound Predicate.
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He bought a pen and a pencil
He looked everywhere for his key and wallet.
He said he was tired and he was going to
bed.
Indah went to Korea with her friend and herboyfriend.
Compound Object.
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Singular or plural??
Compound subject yang digabungkan denganand memerlukan kata kerja jamak.
Amir and maruli are from north Sumatra.
Dog and cats often do not get along.Tetapi apabila compound subject merupakan satu
unit atau singular maka predikatnya bentuktunggal/singular.
Bread and butter is fattening,
The tea and coffee is used up.
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Singular or plural??
Compound subject yang digabungkan denganor maka kata kerja yg digunakan adalah
bentuk tunggal apabila unit yg digabungbentuk tunggal.
Suci or Amin fails the test
Mr.Dahlan or his wife is mistaken
Tetapi apabila unit yg digabung dengan or
mempunyai jumlah yg berbeda maka katakerjanya disesuaikan dg unit yg terdekat.
The players or the referee is mistaken
The referee or the players are mistaken
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KEGIATAN BELAJAR 2
Subordinate Conjunctions
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TIU: Subordinate Conjunctions (SC)
SCDigunakan dalamkalimat
SCDigunakan dalamprepositions
SCDigunakan dalamadverb
SCDigunakan dalamInterrogative pronouns
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Subordinate Conjunctions (SC)
1 Single-word subordinate Conjunctions
2 Two-word Conjunctions
3 Conjunctions begin with prepositional phrases
4 Split conjunctions
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Single word subordinate conjunctions
Adalah kata penghubung yang digunakan untukmenghubungkan dependent clauses denganmain/independent clauses. (menghubungkan anakkalimat dengan induk kalimat)
After, Although, As, before,because, if, once, since, though,
till, that, until, unless, whenever,whereas, while.
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Example
After, as, before,once, since,till, untill, when (ever), whiletime
When(ever)place As, because, sincecause Although, though,whereas,
whileContrast Il, unles, whenConditions purposePurpose
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Two-word Conjunctions
Subordinate conjunctions yang terdiri dari dua kata.
inasmuch as, as if,
assuming (that), if only, incase, provided/providing
that, so that, as though,only if
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Example
Inasmuch as, now (that)cause Provided/providing (that),if
only, in case, only ifcondition
As if, as thoughmanner Assuming thatContrast
So thatpurpose So thatresult
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Conjunctions begin with prepositionalphrases
Prepositional phrase +as : as faras, as long as
Prepositional phrase +that: for thepurpose that, in order that, ..
Prepositional phrase +the fact
that: because of the fact that..
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Split conjunctions
Kata penghubung terpisah terdiri dari dua bagian yangterpisahkan dengan kata sifat, kata keterangan atau kataganti.
So .that
Such.that
Such (a)that
As/so..as
-er
Morethan
less
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KEGIATAN BELAJAR 3
Correlative Conjunctions
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TIU: Correlative Conjuctions
CorrCDigunakandalam kalimat
Menyesuaikan subjekdengan predikat dalamkalimat menggunakan
correlative (Paired)conjunctions
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Correlative (paired) conjunctions
Both..and
Not only..but also
Either..or
Neithernor
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Example
Both my father and my mother wereinKorea last week.
Both ani and her friend are a liar.
Not only my father but also my motherwas in korea last week.
Neither my sister nor my parents are
here.Neither my parents nor my sister is here.
She likes either coffee or tea.