module 02 - 2004.ppt [read-only] · module two transparencies virginia driver responsibilities:...
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VirginiaVirginia Department of EducationDepartment of Education
Module Two TransparenciesModule Two Transparencies
Virginia Driver Responsibilities: Virginia Driver Responsibilities:
Preparing to Operate a VehiclePreparing to Operate a Vehicle
Topic 1 Topic 1 ---- Driver Preparation ProceduresDriver Preparation Procedures
Topic 2 Topic 2 ---- Identifying Vehicle Control DevicesIdentifying Vehicle Control Devices
Topic 3 Topic 3 ---- Operating Vehicle Control DevicesOperating Vehicle Control Devices
Topic 4 Topic 4 ---- Vehicle Balance ConsiderationsVehicle Balance Considerations
Topic 5 Topic 5 ---- Standard Vehicle Reference PointsStandard Vehicle Reference Points
Provided in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Motor VeProvided in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicleshicles
Check around the outsideCheck around the outside of the vehicle for broken glass (windows, lights,etc.), body damage, condition of tires, fluid leaks, direction of front tires, or debris on the ground that could interfere with movement.
PrePre--DriveDrive TasksTasks
T – 2.1
Topic 1 Lesson 1
Check forCheck for small children or pets near vehicle.
T – 2.2
PrePre--DriveDrive TasksTasksTopic 1 Lesson 1
• Sliding books or book bags on seats when slowing or stopping will distract the driver.
• Food or beverages also distract the driver from the driving task.
• Valuables visible in the car may attract a thief.
Store personal items in trunk of vehicle Store personal items in trunk of vehicle
When parked at the When parked at the curbcurb• Approach vehicle from the front to monitor
oncoming traffic.• Approach driver’s door with key in hand.
When parked in When parked in parking lotparking lot• Approach vehicle from the rear to observe people
or objects near the car.• Approach driver’s door with key in hand.
T – 2.3
PrePre--DriveDrive TasksTasksTopic 1 Lesson 1
•• Unlock DoorsUnlock Doors
•• Check traffic flowCheck traffic flow
•• Enter the vehicleEnter the vehicle
Under the Hood ChecksUnder the Hood Checks
3
8 11
10
9
1
2
6
74
5
1. Engine Coolant Reservoir
2. Windshield Washer Fluid Reservoir
3. Engine Oil Filler Cap4. Transmission Fluid
Dipstick (Automatic Transmission)
5. Engine Oil Dipstick6. Brake Fluid Reservoir7. Clutch Fluid Reservoir
(Manual Transmission)8. Battery9. Power Steering Fluid
Reservoir10. Drive Belts11. Air Filter Assembly
T – 2.4
Topic 1 Lesson 2
Tires• Tire pressure
– Check recommendation in owner’s manual
• Tread wear, damage, or bars showing
• Cuffing (uneven wear on inside or outside tread areas)
• Bald spots• Cuts, stones, metal
fragments, or other damage
Vehicle Safety, Vehicle Safety, Communication Devices Communication Devices & Accessories& Accessories
• Headlights, tail lights, and turn signals
• Emergency lights and markers• Emergency kit• Windshield wiper blades,
operation, and washer fluid• HVAC• Safety warning lamps (brake,
ABS, air bag, safety belts)
Weekly Self-ChecksTopic 1 Lesson 2
T – 2.4a
Under the Hood ChecksUnder the Hood ChecksTopic 1 Lesson 2
SelfSelf--CheckCheck
Check every 1Check every 1--2 Months2 Months
• All interior and exterior lights• Engine oil level, brake fluid level, and
engine coolant level• Lap/shoulder belts and seat latches for
wear and smooth function
Check Twice Per YearCheck Twice Per Year
• Air pressure in spare tire• Power steering fluid level• Parking brake for proper operation• Hinges, latches, door weather strips, and
outside locks (check and lubricate)• Body and door drain holes (check and
clean)• Cooling system coolant strength• Battery connections (clean if necessary)• Transmission fluid level
Professional ServiceProfessional Service
Every 3,000 - 5,000 Miles
• Oil change/filter replacement• Tire rotation/balance
Every 15,000 Miles
• Automatic transmission fluid level• Brake pads/shoes/rotors/drums, brake lines,
hoses, and parking brake system• Engine cooling system• Steering linkage, suspension and, if
equipped, drive shaft and ball joints• Cabin air filter replacement, if equipped
Every 30,000 Miles
• Exhaust system and heat shield• Engine air filter and fuel filter replacement• Accessory drive belts• Automatic transmission/transaxle service, if
equipped
T – 2.4b
Driver ReadinessDriver Readiness TasksTasks
T – 2.5
Topic 1 Lesson 3
SecuritySecurity- Check passengers for safe entry
- Lock doors
- Place key in appropriate location
Driver’s Seating PositionDriver’s Seating Position-- Adjust so driver’s heel can pivot Adjust so driver’s heel can pivot
smoothly between foot pedalssmoothly between foot pedals
-- Adjust to allow at least 10” between Adjust to allow at least 10” between driver’s chest and the steering wheeldriver’s chest and the steering wheel
-- Adjust seat back for driver’s visual Adjust seat back for driver’s visual needsneeds
Driver ReadinessDriver Readiness TasksTasks
T – 2.6
Topic 1 Lesson 3
RestraintsRestraints- Safety belt positioned across chest and
over pelvis (strongest skeletal bones)- Sit at least 10” from the steering wheel and
side air bags- Head restraint – middle of the back of the
skull
• Adjust the seat, place your lower back firmly against the seat and sit up straight (if equipped with adjustable center post mountings for shoulder belt height, adjust height setting so the belt does not rub against your neck)
• grab the bracket above the latch plate and pull the belt across your pelvis (make sure it is not twisted)
• push the latch into the buckle until you hear it click (check to make sure the latch is locked)
• snug the lap belt by pulling down on the buckle end as you pull up on the shoulder belt
Adjusting Safety Belt for Proper FitAdjusting Safety Belt for Proper Fit
Driver ReadinessDriver Readiness TasksTasksTopic 1 Lesson 3
- Set rear view mirror to see 200 feet to the rear.
- Set side view mirror 15 degrees out to view adjacent lane.
MirrorsMirrors
T – 2.6a
NOTE: If rear view is blocked, adjust side view mirrors to see the side of vehicle and area behind the vehicle. This mirror setting will increase your blind spot.
Starting TasksStarting Tasks
Check/set parking brakeCheck/set parking brake
Place foot on service Place foot on service
brakebrake
Put key in ignition and Put key in ignition and unlockunlock
Move shifter to Move shifter to
park/neutralpark/neutralT – 2.7
Topic 1 Lesson 3
Starting TasksStarting Tasks
Turn ignition to the on Turn ignition to the on positionposition
Check gaugesCheck gauges
Adjust ventilation (HVAC)Adjust ventilation (HVAC)
Set needed accessories Set needed accessories (defroster, wipers, etc.)(defroster, wipers, etc.)
T – 2.8
Topic 1 Lesson 4
Activate choke/fuel injectionActivate choke/fuel injection
Stop in a legal, safe parking spaceStop in a legal, safe parking spacePark an appropriate distance from a fire hydrant,
intersection, RR crossing, loading zone, etc.Keep foot on service brake.
Set Parking BrakeSet Parking BrakeRecommended in most new vehicle owner’s manuals to protect transaxle and constant velocity joints.
Place gear selector in (P)ark.Place gear selector in (P)ark.Or place in recommended gear (Reverse or First gear) for manual shift transmission.
Turn off any vehicle accessoriesTurn off any vehicle accessoriesCheck that all systems are functioning and ready to use next time.
Securing TasksSecuring Tasks
T – 2.9
Topic 1 Lesson 4
Turn ignition switch to “off”Turn ignition switch to “off”- The engine and all accessories should shut off.
Lock ignition switch and remove keyLock ignition switch and remove key- This is a safety feature for removing the key in most vehicles.
Remove occupant restraintsRemove occupant restraints- In some older cars, the shoulder restraints operate when the
door is opened.
Check traffic and exit the vehicleCheck traffic and exit the vehicle-- Check Check traffic flow to rear prior to opening the door.flow to rear prior to opening the door.-- Rear child safety door locks may need to be opened from the Rear child safety door locks may need to be opened from the
driver’s door.driver’s door.
Secure doors and windowsSecure doors and windows- Protects valuables and unauthorized entry by others.
Securing TasksSecuring Tasks
T – 2.10
Topic 1 Lesson 4
Alert/Warning Symbols and ControlsAlert/Warning Symbols and Controls
A. F. K. P.
B. G. L. Q.
THEFT
C. H. M. R.
D. N.I. S.
E. O.J.
T – 2.11
Topic 2 Lesson 1
Air Bag On/Off Switch
Air Bag Functioning
Antilock Brake System Functioning
Theft-Deterrent System Activation
12 Volt Extension Outlet
Battery/Alternator Warning Light
Brake Warning Light
Safety Alert Symbol
Vent and Air Flow Control
Door Locks
Low Oil Pressure Warning Light
Temperature Indicator
Seat Belt Reminder
Fog Lamps
Drive Wheel Selector
Emergency Flashers
Fuse / Fuse Box
Fuel Indicator
Turn Signal Wipers Stalk
Alert/Warning Symbols and ControlsAlert/Warning Symbols and Controls
W.
T.
U.
V.
X.
GG.
Y.
Z.
AA.
BB.
CC.
DD. II.
EE. JJ.
O/DOFF KK.FF.
LL.
HH. MM. ETSETSOFFOFF
T – 2.12
Topic 2 Lesson 1
Horn
Hood Release
Headlights/High Beam Indicator
Lighter Indicator
Interior Light Adjustment
Fan Speed Indicator
Adjust Left/Right Side Mirror
Parking Lamp Indicator
Overdrive On/Off Indicator
Exterior Lights
Steering Wheel Height Adjustment
Cruise Control Device
Rear Defroster Indicator
Power Window Controls Left/Right Signal Indicator
Electronic Traction Control System
Trunk Release
Windshield Washer
Windshield Wipers
Front Windshield Defroster
Control, Information, Comfort, and Safety DevicesControl, Information, Comfort, and Safety Devices
•• Headlamp ControlHeadlamp Control•• Fuse PanelFuse Panel•• Instrument PanelInstrument Panel•• VentsVents
MultiMulti--Function LeverFunction Lever•• Headlight High/Low Beam SwitchHeadlight High/Low Beam Switch•• Windshield Wiper/Washer ControlWindshield Wiper/Washer Control•• Turn Signal SwitchTurn Signal Switch•• Speed/Cruise Control Speed/Cruise Control
Location and description for all instruments and features can be found in Vehicle’s Owner’s Manual
T – 2.13
Topic 2 Lesson 2
Location and description for all instruments and features can be found in Vehicle’s Owner’s Manual
•• Speedometer Speedometer (mph(mph--km/h)km/h)
•• OdometerOdometer
•• Trip OdometerTrip Odometer
•• Gear IndicatorGear Indicator
T – 2.14
Control, Information, Comfort, and Safety DevicesControl, Information, Comfort, and Safety DevicesTopic 2 Lesson 2
Center Instrument ClusterCenter Instrument Cluster
Location and description for all instruments and features can be found in Vehicle’s Owner’s Manual
• Safety Belt Reminder• Antilock Brakes (ABS) • Brake Warning Light• Air Bag Warning Light• Battery/Alternator Warning light• Fuel indicator• Left/Right Turn Indicator Light• Engine Temperature• High Beam Indicator• Speed Control Settings
T – 2.15
Control, Information, Comfort, and Safety DevicesControl, Information, Comfort, and Safety DevicesTopic 2 Lesson 2
Instrument PanelInstrument Panel
Location and description for all instruments and features can be found in Vehicle’s Owner’s Manual
• Oil Pressure Gauge• Door Ajar Warning Light• Anti-Theft Light• Speed Control Light • O/D On/Off • Driver Air Bag (SRS)• Lighter• Horn
T – 2.16
Control, Information, Comfort, and Safety DevicesControl, Information, Comfort, and Safety DevicesTopic 2 Lesson 2
Instrument Panel Instrument Panel Con’tCon’t
Control, Information, Comfort, and Safety DevicesControl, Information, Comfort, and Safety Devices
•• Electronic Sound SystemElectronic Sound System
•• Selector LeverSelector Lever
•• Auxiliary Power OutletsAuxiliary Power Outlets
•• Climate Control SystemsClimate Control Systems
•• Passenger Air Bag Cut Off Passenger Air Bag Cut Off SwitchSwitch
NOTE:NOTE: Location and description for all instruments and features can be found in Vehicle’s Owner’s Manual
T – 2.17
Topic 2 Lesson 1
Operating Vehicle Control DevicesOperating Vehicle Control Devices
• Safety Considerations to Minimize Risks - Maintain steering control while adjusting information,
comfort, or control devices- Always turn steering wheel in direction of desired
movement when - Moving forward or- Moving backward
- When adjusting steering wheel height and/or angle consider
- Airbag deployment- Hand position - Wheel movement
T – 2.18
Topic 3 Lesson 1
Crossing arms over airbag creates an injury risk!
Operating Vehicle Control DevicesTopic 2 Lesson 1
Accelerator PedalUsed to stabilize, increase,
and decrease speed.The driver can:– cover the
accelerator;– use progressive
acceleration;– use thrust
acceleration; or – lift off the
accelerator.
Brake PedalUsed to stabilize, decrease, and increase speed.
The driver can:- cover the brake;- trail brake;- control squeeze
brake;- threshold brake;- lock the brakes;- apply ABS;- jab (stab) brake; or- lift off the brake.
T-2.19
Operating Vehicle Control DevicesOperating Vehicle Control Devices
T – 2.20
Topic 3 Lesson 1
Gear Selector LeverGear Selector Lever• Transmission Type and Location• Overdrive and Drive gear use
Parking BrakeParking Brake• Owner’s Manual suggests
engaging parking brake before placing in Park.
Cruise / Speed Control Cruise / Speed Control –– Why and HowWhy and How• To maintain a constant speed.• Never use in stop-and-go traffic or on slick surfaces.
Ignition Switch Ignition Switch -- Location and FunctionsLocation and Functions
Safety, Communication, Comfort, & Convenience DevicesSafety, Communication, Comfort, & Convenience Devices
T – 2.20a
Topic 3 Lesson 2
•• MirrorsMirrors•• Safety BeltsSafety Belts•• Head RestraintsHead Restraints•• HornHorn•• Turn SignalsTurn Signals
•• Door LocksDoor Locks•• Hazard FlashersHazard Flashers•• Windshield Wipers and Windshield Wipers and
WashersWashers•• Headlights / Daytime Headlights / Daytime
Running LightsRunning Lights
•• Hood ReleaseHood Release•• Trunk ReleaseTrunk Release•• Heat / Defroster / Heat / Defroster /
Air Conditioner Air Conditioner ControlsControls
•• Seat AdjustmentSeat Adjustment
Safety, Communication, Comfort, & Convenience DevicesSafety, Communication, Comfort, & Convenience Devices
T – 2.21
Topic 3 Lesson 2
MirrorsMirrors •• Adjust Inside and OutAdjust Inside and Out
Safety BeltsSafety Belts •• Adjust for Maximum EffectivenessAdjust for Maximum Effectiveness
Head RestraintsHead Restraints •• Protect Against WhiplashProtect Against Whiplash
HornHorn •• Know Location and UseKnow Location and Use
Turn SignalsTurn Signals •• Know Location and UseKnow Location and Use
Door LocksDoor Locks •• Manual / PowerManual / Power•• Child Proof Rear Door LocksChild Proof Rear Door Locks
Hazard FlashersHazard Flashers •• Know Location and UseKnow Location and Use
Safety, Communication, Comfort, & Convenience DevicesSafety, Communication, Comfort, & Convenience Devices
T – 2.22
Topic 3 Lesson 2
Windshield Wipers and WashersWindshield Wipers and Washers
Headlights / Running LightsHeadlights / Running Lights •• Location and UseLocation and Use
Hood ReleaseHood Release •• LocationLocation
Trunk ReleaseTrunk Release •• LocationLocation
Heat / Defroster / Air Conditioner ControlsHeat / Defroster / Air Conditioner Controls
Seat AdjustmentSeat Adjustment •• Power / Manual ControlsPower / Manual Controls
• Location and Use
Location and Use
Vehicle Balance (Roll, Pitch, and Yaw)Vehicle Balance (Roll, Pitch, and Yaw)– Roll: vehicle’s weight shifts from side to side
– Pitch: vehicle’s weight shifts forward or backward
– Yaw: vehicle’s rear tire weight shifts to one side
– Note: These weight transfers occur when the amount of weight or force pulling on each tire changes
– Optimum balance is achieved at rest with no movement
– Suspension and tire pressure also affect vehicle balance
Vehicle Movement on Crowned or Banked Roadway Vehicle Movement on Crowned or Banked Roadway – Can create dramatic changes to vehicle balance due to
suspension and weight shifts
Controlling Vehicle BalanceControlling Vehicle Balance
T – 2.24
Topic 4 Lesson 1
Controlling Vehicle BalanceControlling Vehicle Balance
•• Steering Wheel BalanceSteering Wheel Balance– Smaller steering wheel design
– Rack and pinion steering control
•• Precise Steering, Braking, and Accelerator InputPrecise Steering, Braking, and Accelerator Input– Less steering movement needed in modern vehicles
– Need smooth acceleration/deceleration
– Squeeze brakes for balanced stops
•• Changes in Steering Ratios, 1980's to DateChanges in Steering Ratios, 1980's to Date-- Steering input has been significantly reducedSteering input has been significantly reduced
T – 2.25
Topic 4 Lesson 1
Maintaining Vehicle BalanceMaintaining Vehicle Balance
Changing Vehicle Load from Side to Side (Roll)Changing Vehicle Load from Side to Side (Roll)• Steering Wheel Movements
• Brake Application and Steering Combinations
• Slope of pavement
Controlling Vehicle BalanceControlling Vehicle Balance
SeatingSeating• Driver position/balance and safety belt/pedal use
T – 2.26
Topic 4 Lesson 1
Vehicle Direction / Speed RequirementsVehicle Direction / Speed Requirements
Vehicle ControlVehicle Control
• Releasing the accelerator
• Controlled braking (Squeeze on)
• Threshold braking
• Trail braking (Squeeze off)
T – 2.27
Topic 4 Lesson 2
Changing Vehicle Load from Front to Rear (Pitch)Changing Vehicle Load from Front to Rear (Pitch)• Light accelerator pressure• Releasing the brake• Progressive accelerator pressure• Thrust accelerator pressure
Changing Vehicle Load from Rear to Front (Pitch)Changing Vehicle Load from Rear to Front (Pitch)
Vehicle ControlVehicle Control
Weight Shifts Change Vehicle Balanced
DROPSFront
LIFTSRear
T – 2.28
Topic 4 Lesson 2
Accelerating, braking, or steering shifts the vehicle’s weight from tire to tire and affects vehicle balance and control.
Vehicle Direction / Speed RequirementsVehicle Direction / Speed Requirements
Vehicle ControlVehicle Control
• Sudden braking and steering• Sudden or excessive acceleration and steering• Sudden or excessive steering• Road tilted to right• Traction loss to right rear may cause
yaw motion
T – 2.29
Topic 4 Lesson 2
• Sudden braking and steering• Sudden or excessive acceleration
and steering• Sudden or excessive steering• Road tilted to left• Traction loss to left rear may cause yaw motion
Changing Vehicle Load from Changing Vehicle Load from Right to Left (Roll)Right to Left (Roll)
Changing Vehicle Balance from Left to Right (Roll)Changing Vehicle Balance from Left to Right (Roll)
CorneringCornering
InertiaInertiaActual PathActual Path
Intended PathIntended Path
Vehicle ControlVehicle Control
When cornering, tires tend to flex.
If the tires are underinflated, the contact with the rim may be lost. AIR LOSS WILL OCCUR.
RIM
T – 2.30
Topic 4 Lesson 2
Tires turning left
Excessive tire flexion increases tire heat and may result in a blowout.
Apex
Vehicle ControlVehicle Control
Vehicle Direction / Speed RequirementsVehicle Direction / Speed RequirementsSteering Wheel ControlSteering Wheel Control
Hand position on steering wheelHand position on steering wheel• Holding top or upper half of wheel (excessive
steering and air bag injury risk)
• Hands located on lower half of wheel (relaxed, balanced control)
Steering techniquesSteering techniques• Hand-to-hand steering (Push/Pull/Slide)• Hand-over-hand steering (top third of wheel)• Evasive steering (ABS wheel limitation)• One-hand steering
To reach controlsAt top when backing straightAt bottom when backing a trailer
T – 2.31
Topic 4 Lesson 2
Targeting and Visual RequirementsTargeting and Visual Requirements
T – 2.32
Topic 5 Lesson 1
Visual FunctionsVisual Functions- Focus Vision (Focal/Focus Vision (Focal/FovealFoveal))-- Central Vision (Limited Fringe Area)Central Vision (Limited Fringe Area)-- Peripheral Vision (Side)Peripheral Vision (Side)
Vision GoalsVision Goals-- Maintaining an open line of sightMaintaining an open line of sight-- Searching skillsSearching skills-- Targeting line of sight, path of travelTargeting line of sight, path of travel-- Referencing vehicle to path of travelReferencing vehicle to path of travel-- Using visual references and turning Using visual references and turning
targetstargets- Forward visual turning points- Rear visual turning points
Determining Vehicle Operating SpaceDetermining Vehicle Operating Space
Markers represent edge of Markers represent edge of sightlinessightlines
Outline of pavement area around Outline of pavement area around the car the driver cannot see from the car the driver cannot see from the driver’s seatthe driver’s seat
Rectangles are the tire patches and Rectangles are the tire patches and asterisks represent the vehicle’s asterisks represent the vehicle’s forward and rear turning axisforward and rear turning axis
T – 2.33
Topic 5 Lesson 1
* *
Forward
Rear
Traditional Mirror Views and Blind SpotsTraditional Mirror Views and Blind Spots
Notice the large blind zone areas and the Notice the large blind zone areas and the overlap between the side and rear mirrors overlap between the side and rear mirrors when using traditional mirror settings.when using traditional mirror settings.
T – 2.34
Topic 5 Lesson 1
Rear view mirror( )
Left side view mirror
Right side view mirror
Left mirror blind zone
Right mirror blind zone
Mirror Blind Spot and Glare Elimination (BGE)Mirror Blind Spot and Glare Elimination (BGE)
BGE LEFT SIDE MIRROR VIEW
BGE RIGHT SIDE MIRROR VIEW
REAR MIRROR VIEW
Adjusting the side mirror setting 15 degree outward (BGE) allowsAdjusting the side mirror setting 15 degree outward (BGE) allows you you to see the lanes to the sides and does not overlap as much with to see the lanes to the sides and does not overlap as much with the the
area you can already see in your rear view mirrorarea you can already see in your rear view mirror
Reference: Blindzone & Glare Elimination (BGE) Mirror Settings (Reference: Blindzone & Glare Elimination (BGE) Mirror Settings (G. G. PlatzerPlatzer, 1996), 1996) T – 2.35
Topic 5 Lesson 1
•Peripheral Vision Area
Peripheral Vision Area
Standard Referencing PointsStandard Referencing Points
Referencing Points:Referencing Points:• Provide visual cues to
establish vehicle position.
• Relate part of the vehicle to some part of the roadway.
• Allow the driver to determine proper placement within a lane.
• Allow for reduced-risk lane positions.
T – 2.36
Topic 5 Lesson 2
RIGHT RIGHT Reference Reference
PointsPoints
LEFT LEFT Reference Reference PointsPoints
6 inches from line or median
3 feet from line or median
6 inches from line or curb
3 feet from line or curb
Front LimitationFront LimitationFr
ont
Lim
itatio
n
•• AT INTERSECTIONSAT INTERSECTIONS•• IN A STOPPING POSITIONIN A STOPPING POSITION•• PARKINGPARKING
You will need to know where the front end of You will need to know where the front end of your vehicle is when you are:your vehicle is when you are:
T – 2.37
Topic 5 Lesson 2
STOP LINE
Front LimitationFront Limitation
Where are your visual reference points to Where are your visual reference points to determine determine FRONT LIMITATION FRONT LIMITATION ??
T – 2.38
Topic 5 Lesson 2
Front Limitation Reference PointsFront Limitation Reference Points
•• To stop 3To stop 3--6 inches from the line in front of your bumper, 6 inches from the line in front of your bumper, stop when stop when your line of sight your line of sight runs under the side view runs under the side view mirror reference point to the line in front of your vehicle.mirror reference point to the line in front of your vehicle.
•• Maintain a normal driving position when targeting your Maintain a normal driving position when targeting your reference point and do not lean forward or sideways.reference point and do not lean forward or sideways.
T – 2.39
Topic 5 Lesson 2
Reference Point
Line of sight
Reference point
Rear LimitationRear Limitation
•• BACKING BACKING
•• PARKINGPARKING
You need to know where the rear of your You need to know where the rear of your vehicle is when you arevehicle is when you are::
T – 2.40
Topic 5 Lesson 2
Rear LimitationRear Limitation
T – 2.41
Topic 5 Lesson 2
Where are your visual reference points for Where are your visual reference points for REAR LIMITATION REAR LIMITATION ??
Rear LimitationRear Limitation
To align the rear bumper three to six inches To align the rear bumper three to six inches from a line or curb,from a line or curb, you need to stop when the you need to stop when the line or curb appears near the middle of the rear line or curb appears near the middle of the rear right window when looking over the right right window when looking over the right shoulder.shoulder.
T – 2.42
Topic 5 Lesson 2
Reference point
Reference point
Right Side LimitationRight Side Limitation
T – 2.43
Topic 5 Lesson 2
Establishing reference points for Establishing reference points for right side limitation will allow right side limitation will allow you to:you to:
• know where the curb or line is on the right side of the street
• park parallel 3-6 inches away from a line or curb
•• establish lane position 3establish lane position 33-6 inches
Line of sight
Reference point
Reference point
Right Side LimitationRight Side Limitation
T – 2.44
Topic 5 Lesson 2
The The right side limitationright side limitation reference pointreference point to to position your vehicle 3position your vehicle 3--6 inches from the curb 6 inches from the curb or line is the middle of your vehicle’s hood.or line is the middle of your vehicle’s hood.
3-6 inches
Line of SightReference point
The reference point for 3 feet from the curb or line is the right 1/4 section of the hood.
3 feet
Reference point
Line of Sight
Left Side LimitationLeft Side Limitation
•• determine position when parking on determine position when parking on the left side of a onethe left side of a one--way street (3way street (3--6 6 inches from the curb or line)inches from the curb or line)
•• determine lane position 2determine lane position 2
T – 2.45
Topic 5 Lesson 2
3-6 INCHES
Establishing reference points for Establishing reference points for left side limitation allows the left side limitation allows the driver to:driver to:
Left Side LimitationLeft Side Limitation
Your Your left side limitationleft side limitation reference pointreference point is about is about one foot from the left front corner of your car (it one foot from the left front corner of your car (it may be the seam between your left fender and the may be the seam between your left fender and the hood of your vehicle) to the curb.hood of your vehicle) to the curb.
T – 2.46
Topic 5 Lesson 2
3-6 INCHES
Reference Point
Line of Sight
Reference Point
Angle ParkingAngle Parking
5 Feet
To angle park, place your vehicle To angle park, place your vehicle 5 feet from the right side, target 5 feet from the right side, target the middle of the parking space, the middle of the parking space, and use the right front turning and use the right front turning point to initiate steering towards point to initiate steering towards the middle of space.the middle of space.
5 feet
T – 2.47
Topic 5 Lesson 2
Lane Position # 1Lane Position # 1
•• VEHICLE IS CENTERED IN THE LANEVEHICLE IS CENTERED IN THE LANE
•• CAR IS 3 FEET AWAY FROM THE LINES CAR IS 3 FEET AWAY FROM THE LINES ON YOUR RIGHT AND LEFT SIDESON YOUR RIGHT AND LEFT SIDES
T – 2.48
Topic 5 Lesson 3
3 FEET
3 FEET
Lane Lane Position Position
ONEONE( LP ( LP 1 1 ))
Lane Position # 1Lane Position # 1
Lane Lane Position Position
ONEONE(LP(LP 11))
T – 2.49
Topic 5 Lesson 3
3 FEET
3 FEET
•• Your left side Your left side reference pointreference point runs through the driver’s runs through the driver’s side left fender to the line on the left side of the vehicle. side left fender to the line on the left side of the vehicle.
•• Your right side Your right side reference pointreference point runs through the center of runs through the center of passenger’s side right half of the hood to the line on the passenger’s side right half of the hood to the line on the right side of the vehicle.right side of the vehicle.
Note: Lane position #1 is the lane position used most often.
Lane Position # 2Lane Position # 2
•• VEHICLE IS 3VEHICLE IS 3--6 INCHES AWAY FROM 6 INCHES AWAY FROM LINE TO THE LEFTLINE TO THE LEFT
T – 2.50
Topic 5 Lesson 3
3-6 INCHES
Lane Lane Position Position
TWOTWO( LP ( LP 2 2 ))
Lane Position # 2Lane Position # 2
Your Your lane position #2lane position #2 reference pointreference point is about 1 is about 1 foot from left side (it may be the crease between foot from left side (it may be the crease between the left fender and hood of the vehicle) to the curb.the left fender and hood of the vehicle) to the curb.
T – 2.51
Topic 5 Lesson 3
Lane Lane Position Position
TWOTWO(LP(LP 22))
3-6 INCHES
6 FEET
Lane Position # 3Lane Position # 3
CAR IS POSITIONED 3CAR IS POSITIONED 3--6 INCHES 6 INCHES AWAY FROM EDGE OR LINE TO AWAY FROM EDGE OR LINE TO
THE RIGHTTHE RIGHT
T – 2.52
Topic 5 Lesson 3
3-6 INCHES
Lane Lane Position Position THREETHREE( LP ( LP 3 3 ))
Lane Position # 3Lane Position # 3
Your Your lanelane position #3 reference pointposition #3 reference pointis through the center of your hood to is through the center of your hood to the right edge of the roadway.the right edge of the roadway.
T – 2.53
Topic 5 Lesson 3
Lane Lane Position Position THREETHREE(LP(LP 33))
3-6 INCHES
6 FEETReference point
Line of Sight
Lane PositionsLane Positions
Position 2Position 2 is near the lane line to your left and is used is near the lane line to your left and is used when there is a restriction to your path of travel or your when there is a restriction to your path of travel or your line of sight and you cannot move to the adjacent lane.line of sight and you cannot move to the adjacent lane.
LP 1
T – 2.54
Topic 5 Lesson 3
Moving from Lane Position Moving from Lane Position ONEONE to to TWOTWO
LP 2
OBSTACLEOBSTACLE
Lane PositionsLane Positions
Position 3Position 3 is near the lane line to your right and is is near the lane line to your right and is used when there is a restriction to your path of travel used when there is a restriction to your path of travel or line of sight and you cannot move out of the lane. or line of sight and you cannot move out of the lane.
T – 2.55
Topic 5 Lesson 3
Moving from Lane Position Moving from Lane Position ONEONE to to THREETHREE
LP 1LP 3
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Possible Lane PositionsPossible Lane Positions
The width of the lane allows drivers to make lane The width of the lane allows drivers to make lane position adjustments to minimize risk and create more position adjustments to minimize risk and create more space between their car and problem situations.space between their car and problem situations.
T – 2.56
Topic 5 Lesson 3
Lane Positions Lane Positions –– 1, 2, 3, 4, and 51, 2, 3, 4, and 5LP 3
LP 2LP 4
LP 5
LP 1
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