module 3-5 surface rehabilitation treatments. learning objectives describe the function of surface...
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Module 3-5Module 3-5
Surface Rehabilitation Surface Rehabilitation TreatmentsTreatments
Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives Describe the function of surface Describe the function of surface
treatmentstreatments Compare usage of various surface Compare usage of various surface
treatmentstreatments Describe conditions best suited for each Describe conditions best suited for each
treatmenttreatment Describe the design and construction Describe the design and construction
considerations and techniquesconsiderations and techniques
IntroductionIntroduction Surface rehabilitation techniquesSurface rehabilitation techniques
Low-volume roads – most historical Low-volume roads – most historical useuse
High-volume roads - improved High-volume roads - improved materials and processesmaterials and processes
Pavement preservation applicationPavement preservation application
DefinitionsDefinitions Fog sealFog seal
Sand sealSand seal
Scrub sealScrub seal
Asphalt chip sealAsphalt chip seal
Slurry sealSlurry seal
MicrosurfacingMicrosurfacing
Cape sealCape seal
Sandwich sealSandwich seal
Nova Chip®Nova Chip®
Open graded Open graded friction course friction course (OGFC)(OGFC)
Fog SealFog Seal
Fog SealFog Seal Seal pavement Seal pavement
surfacesurface
Rejuvenate oxidized Rejuvenate oxidized HMAHMA
Provide delineationProvide delineation
Sand SealSand Seal Seal pavement surfaceSeal pavement surface
Rejuvenate oxidized HMARejuvenate oxidized HMA
Provide delineationProvide delineation
Improve frictionImprove friction
Scrub SealScrub Seal
Scrub SealScrub Seal Surface restoration that rejuvenates Surface restoration that rejuvenates
asphalt and fills voids and cracksasphalt and fills voids and cracks Application processApplication process
Apply polymer-modified asphalt agentApply polymer-modified asphalt agent Broom asphalt into voids and cracksBroom asphalt into voids and cracks Apply sand or small aggregateApply sand or small aggregate Broom aggregate and asphalt mixtureBroom aggregate and asphalt mixture Roll with pneumatic tire rollerRoll with pneumatic tire roller
Asphalt Chip SealAsphalt Chip Seal
Asphalt Chip SealAsphalt Chip Seal
Asphalt Chip SealAsphalt Chip Seal Provide wearing courseProvide wearing course
Improve surface frictionImprove surface friction
RubberizedRubberized Bridge and seal cracksBridge and seal cracks Delay reflective crackingDelay reflective cracking
Slurry SealSlurry Seal
Slurry SealSlurry Seal Seal Seal
pavement pavement surfacesurface
Retard Retard surface surface ravelingraveling
Improved Improved surface frictionsurface friction
MicrosurfacingMicrosurfacing
Level pavement surfaceLevel pavement surface
Fill rutsFill ruts
Restore surface Restore surface frictionfriction
MicrosurfacingMicrosurfacing
Cape SealCape Seal
Cape SealCape Seal Seal pavement surfaceSeal pavement surface
Improve surface frictionImprove surface friction
Sandwich SealSandwich Seal Seal pavement surfaceSeal pavement surface
Improve surface frictionImprove surface friction
Nova Chip®Nova Chip®
Gap graded HMAGap graded HMA
Heavy tack coat applied first (0.7-1.0 l/mHeavy tack coat applied first (0.7-1.0 l/m22))
Proprietary machine and processProprietary machine and process
Paver applies both tack coat and HMAPaver applies both tack coat and HMA
Functional, not a structural overlayFunctional, not a structural overlay
Nova Chip®Nova Chip®
Open-Graded Friction Open-Graded Friction CourseCourse
Open-Graded Friction Open-Graded Friction CourseCourse
Provide surface drainageProvide surface drainage
Reduce hydroplaningReduce hydroplaning
Reduce tire sprayReduce tire spray
Improve surface frictionImprove surface friction
Noise reductionNoise reduction
Purpose and ApplicationPurpose and Application Provide a new wearing surfaceProvide a new wearing surface
Seal cracks in the surfaceSeal cracks in the surface
Waterproof the surfaceWaterproof the surface
Improve pavement surface friction and Improve pavement surface friction and surface drainagesurface drainage
Why apply a surface treatment?
Purpose and ApplicationPurpose and Application Slow pavement weathering and agingSlow pavement weathering and aging
Improve the surface appearanceImprove the surface appearance
Provide visual delineation between the Provide visual delineation between the mainline pavement and the shouldermainline pavement and the shoulder
Matching Condition to Matching Condition to TreatmentTreatment
Performance of surface treatments highly Performance of surface treatments highly dependent upon existing surface dependent upon existing surface conditioncondition
Pavement SurveysPavement Surveys Type of distressType of distress
Surface treatment typeSurface treatment type
More severe cracking More severe cracking ““Heavier” surface treatmentHeavier” surface treatment
Distorted pavement surfaceDistorted pavement surface ““Leveling” treatmentLeveling” treatment
Applicable Pavement Applicable Pavement ConditionsConditions
OxidationOxidation Fog sealFog seal Scrub sealScrub seal Sand sealSand seal Slurry sealSlurry seal
BleedingBleeding Sandwich sealsSandwich seals
FrictionFriction Slurry sealSlurry seal Asphalt chip Asphalt chip
sealseal MicrosurfacingMicrosurfacing Nova Chip®Nova Chip®
Applicable Pavement Applicable Pavement ConditionsConditions
CrackingCracking Scrub sealScrub seal Slurry sealSlurry seal Asphalt chip Asphalt chip
sealseal MicrosurfacingMicrosurfacing Cape sealCape seal Nova Chip®Nova Chip®
RuttingRutting MicrosurfacingMicrosurfacing Nova Chip®Nova Chip®
Cost ConsiderationsCost Considerations Typical surface treatment costsTypical surface treatment costs
Chip sealChip seal $1.02 /m²$1.02 /m² Db. chip sealDb. chip seal $1.35 /m²$1.35 /m² Slurry sealSlurry seal $1.08 /m²$1.08 /m² MicrosurfacingMicrosurfacing $1.50 /m²$1.50 /m² Fog sealFog seal $0.54 /m²$0.54 /m² Sand sealSand seal $0.70 /m²$0.70 /m² Cape sealCape seal $1.70 to $2.40 /m²$1.70 to $2.40 /m²
Design and Construction Design and Construction ConsiderationsConsiderations
Design ConsiderationsDesign ConsiderationsAsphalt Chip SealsAsphalt Chip Seals
Existing pavement conditionExisting pavement condition Asphalt typeAsphalt type AggregateAggregate Quantity selectionsQuantity selections Local conditions and experienceLocal conditions and experience General environmentGeneral environment Traffic volume and handlingTraffic volume and handling Contractor experience and availabilityContractor experience and availability
Construction ProceduresConstruction Procedures Chip seal construction issues:Chip seal construction issues:
Equipment calibrationEquipment calibration Pavement surface preparationPavement surface preparation Application of asphaltApplication of asphalt Application of aggregateApplication of aggregate Rolling of aggregateRolling of aggregate Curing of binderCuring of binder Brooming of loose aggregateBrooming of loose aggregate
Fog SealsFog Seals Light coating of asphalt cement applied Light coating of asphalt cement applied
usually as an emulsionusually as an emulsion
Traffic allowed on in 2-4 hours after water Traffic allowed on in 2-4 hours after water has evaporatedhas evaporated
Surface may be slick if traffic allowed too Surface may be slick if traffic allowed too soonsoon
Open Graded Friction Open Graded Friction CourseCourse
Similar to HMASimilar to HMA Butt joints onlyButt joints only Limited time for compaction due to thin lift Limited time for compaction due to thin lift
((≤≤25 mm)25 mm) Usually seasonal restrictions on Usually seasonal restrictions on
placementplacement Air/pavement temperature criticalAir/pavement temperature critical
No vibratory compaction equipmentNo vibratory compaction equipment
ReviewReview Why would you apply surface treatments?Why would you apply surface treatments?
Which treatments could be applied to Which treatments could be applied to correct a rutted pavement?correct a rutted pavement?
Which treatments could be applied Which treatments could be applied successfully to a pavement with cracking?successfully to a pavement with cracking?
What are key considerations in the What are key considerations in the construction of a chip seal?construction of a chip seal?
Key ReferencesKey References Van Zyl, G. D., J. P. Nothnagel, and C. J. Van Zyl, G. D., J. P. Nothnagel, and C. J.
Semmelink. 1999. “Rationalisation of Seal Semmelink. 1999. “Rationalisation of Seal Selection and Single Seal Design Methods in Selection and Single Seal Design Methods in South Africa.” Seventh Conference on Asphalt South Africa.” Seventh Conference on Asphalt Pavements for Southern Africa. RSA/USA Pavements for Southern Africa. RSA/USA Pavement Technology Workshop CD-Rom, Pavement Technology Workshop CD-Rom, Pretoria, South Africa.Pretoria, South Africa.
Key References Key References (continued)(continued)
Eltahan, A. A., J. FEltahan, A. A., J. F.. Dalieden Dalieden,, and A. Simpson. and A. Simpson. 1999. “Effectiveness of Maintenance 1999. “Effectiveness of Maintenance Treatments of Flexible Pavements.” Treatments of Flexible Pavements.” Transportation Research Record 1680. Transportation Research Record 1680. Transportation Research Board, Washington, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.DC.
Key References Key References (continued)(continued)
Huber, G. 2000. Huber, G. 2000. Performance Survey on Performance Survey on Open-Graded Friction Course Mixes.Open-Graded Friction Course Mixes. NCHRP NCHRP Synthesis of Highway Practice 284. Synthesis of Highway Practice 284. Transportation Research Board, Washington, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.DC.
Janisch, D. W., and F. S. Galilard. 1999. Janisch, D. W., and F. S. Galilard. 1999. Minnesota Seal Coat Handbook. Minnesota Seal Coat Handbook. Report Report Number MN/RC-1999-07. Minnesota Local Number MN/RC-1999-07. Minnesota Local Road Research Board, Minnesota Department Road Research Board, Minnesota Department of Transportation, St. Paul, MN.of Transportation, St. Paul, MN.
Key References Key References (continued)(continued)
Hicks, R. G., S. B. Seeds, and D. G. Peshkin. Hicks, R. G., S. B. Seeds, and D. G. Peshkin. 2000. 2000. Selecting a Preventive Maintenance Selecting a Preventive Maintenance Treatment for Flexible Pavements. Treatment for Flexible Pavements. FHWA-IF-FHWA-IF-00-027. Federal Highway Administration, 00-027. Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC.Washington, DC.
Raza, H. 1992. Raza, H. 1992. An Overview of Surface An Overview of Surface Rehabilitation Techniques for Asphalt Rehabilitation Techniques for Asphalt PavementsPavements. FHWA-PD-92-008. Federal . FHWA-PD-92-008. Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC.Highway Administration, Washington, DC.