module 5 space environment1 traveling in space ted spitzmiller author pilot dreamer
DESCRIPTION
Module 5 Space Environment3 Galaxies Enormous collections of stars Our Galaxy is called the Milky Way Scientists estimate that our Milky Way has 100 Billion stars… many with planetsTRANSCRIPT
Module 5 Space Environment 1
Traveling in Space
Ted SpitzmillerAuthor Pilot Dreamer
Module 5 Space Environment 2
The UniverseEverything we are aware of is a part of the known universe
– Stars– Galaxies– Planets– Plants– Animals– Humans
All made from the same elements
Module 5 Space Environment 3
Galaxies
• Enormous collections of stars
• Our Galaxy is called the Milky Way
• Scientists estimate that our Milky Way has 100 Billion stars… many with planets
Module 5 Space Environment 5
The Solar System
Outer – Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto
Inner – Mars Earth Venus Mercury
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Relative Size of Planets
Closest to the Sun
Furthest from SunLargest planet
Rotates counter-clockwise
Atmosphere is 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen
The “Red” Planet
Pluto Neptune Uranus Saturn Jupiter Mars Earth Venus Mercury
Sun
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Space – the Final Frontier?
• The region of the universe beyond earth• Great distances between significant bodies
– Moon 240,000 miles– Planets 20,000,000 (Venus)
– Sun 93,000,000 miles– Galaxies Light years
• A light year is 6 trillion miles
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Characteristics of Space
• Defined as starting 62 miles above the earth
• Very few molecules (low pressure - almost a vacuum)
• No oxygen• Very cold• Little gravity
(microgravity)
Thickness of the atmosphere
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Our Moon
• ¼ the size of the Earth• Orbits the earth in 28
days• Rotates on its axis once
each 28 days– Lunar day is 28 earth
days• Far side never viewable
from Earth
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Meteors• Meteoroids
– rocks 10 meters or less – drift through space
• Meteor – If it enters the Earth’s
atmosphere• Meteorite
– If it strikes the earth before burning up
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Asteroids• Often called minor
planets or planetoids• Larger than 10 meters • Primarily inner Solar
System • Smaller than planets
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Comets
• Composed of frozen gases, dust and ice
• Have no light source but reflect sunlight
• Tail – shaped by Solar wind– always points away
from the sun
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The Universe
A Wonder of God’s creation
But how can we explore it?
There is no air out there
Rockets Module 4 14
Rockets
Saturn V
Rockets Module 4 15
Chinese Invent Gunpowder First ‘solid fuel’ 1200 AD
Rockets Module 4 16Rockets Module 4 16
Gun Powder Mixture of:• 15% charcoal, fuel to burn—carbon (C) • 75% saltpeter (KNO3 potassium nitrate) oxygen • 10% Sulfur (S), also a fuel
– lowers ignition temperature to increase speed of burning
• Charcoal color is why it is often called “black Powder”
How does a rocket work?
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Rockets Module 4 19
Newton’s Three Laws of MotionSir Isaac Newton 1642-1727
• First Law - A body at rest tends to stay at rest; a body in motion tends to stay in motion
• Second Law – Force equals mass times acceleration
• Third Law - For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
Reaction
Action
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Father of Modern Rocketry
Robert Goddard• Experimentalist• Launched first
successful liquid fuel rocket
• March 16, 1926
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Basic Liquid Fuel Rocket Engine
Fuel Oxygen
OxygenFuel
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Rockets Module 4 23
Major Systems of a Rocket
46
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First Artificial Earth Satellite
• Sputnik - Soviet Union Launched in 1957 (Russia)
• Sergei Korolev• Began the
Space Race
What is a Satellite?
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Going into orbit
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Throwing a football
5,000 mph
Module 5 Space Environment 27
Going into orbit
Module 5 Space Environment 27
Throwing a football
10,000 mph
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Going into orbit
Module 5 Space Environment 28
Throwing a football
18,000 mph
Rockets Module 4 29
First Man in Space
• Yuri Gagarin• Russian (USSR) • April 12, 1961• One orbit of the earth
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Alan Shepard• First American in
Space• Flew in the Mercury
Spacecraft• NOT and orbital flight• 115 Miles up and
down• May 1961
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First American to Orbit John Glenn - February, 1962
Launched by the Atlas
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Rockets Module 4 34
International Space Station
Spacesuit
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Rockets Module 4 36
Comparative Sizes
Mercury / Atlas John Glenn
1962
Vostok / R-7 Yuri Gagarin
1961
Saturn V / Apollo Neil Armstrong
1969
Space Shuttle
1981- Present
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Moon’s Distance and Size
Module 5 Space Environment 37
Diameter
Moon’s Distance and Size
Module 5 Space Environment 38
Diameter
8000 miles2000
Module 5 Space Environment 39
Moon’s Relative size to Earth
Module 5 Space Environment 39
Diameter
8000 miles2000
2000/80000
2/80
1/40
Reduce to lowest common denominator0
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Moon’s Distance and Size
Module 5 Space Environment 40
DiameterDistance 240,000 miles
8000 miles
Module 5 Space Environment 41
Moon’s Distance and Size
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8,0000 milesDistance 240,000 miles
One foot
Module 5 Space Environment 42Module 5 Space Environment 42
Moon’s Distance
Module 5 Space Environment 42
8,0000 milesDistance 240,000 miles
One foot240,000/8,000
240/8
30/1
Rockets Module 4 43
First Men on the Moon
• Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin
• July 1969• Launched by the
Saturn V• Effectively ended
the Space Race
AEL Presentation 45
Journey to Mars
AEL Presentation 46
What is Mars Like?• Diameter 3,400 KM (4,200 miles)• Atmospheric pressure .9 kPa (.2” hg)• Atmospheric composition 95% CO2
Module 5 Space Environment 4705/03/23 Spacecraft 47
Spirit & Opportunity Roving Mars
• Landed on Mars in 2004
• Designed to roam Mars for 3 months
• Still going strong
Rockets Module 4 48
Quiz TimeMatch the Name on the Left with their accomplishment
1. Chinese2. Sir Isaac Newton3. Robert Goddard
A. Invented Gunpowder rocketB. Father of Modern RocketryC. Three laws of motion
Rockets Module 4 49
Quiz TimeMatch the Name on the Left with the accomplishment
1. Alan Sheppard2. Neil Armstrong3. Yuri Gagarin4. John Glenn5. Sputnik
A. First man to walk on moon
B. First American to OrbitC. First Man to OrbitD. First American in spaceE. First artificial Earth
Satellite
Think About Traveling to the Stars!
Module 5 Space Environment 50
Rockets Module 4 51
Intercontinental Ballistic Missile ICBM
• 1960 ICBM able to fly anywhere in the world in 30 minutes
• Carry 3,000 lb. five megaton hydrogen bomb warhead 8,000 miles
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Time Line to SpaceTsiolkovsky
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
GoddardOberth
Sputnik
ICBM
Gagarin & Shepard
Von Braun V-2
GlennArmstrong
Skylab
Space ShuttleChallenger Columbia
Space Race
ISS
YWB