module in typewriter
DESCRIPTION
module in typewriterTRANSCRIPT
Latade, Zarah Joy P.
BBTE 3-2
Module 1:
Preparing to type
What this module is about?
Good evening class! I hope you will find this module interesting and enjoyable.
This module will help you to enhance your knowledge in keyboarding. Are you ready to type?
Before you can type efficiently and accurately, you should first familiarize yourself with the
different parts and function of a typewriter. Today we will tackle about typewriter.
What you are expected to learn?
In this module, you are expected to:
1. Identify and point out the different parts and function of a typewriter.
2. Insert and remove the paper correctly.
3. Acquire the proper posture in typing; and
4. Strike keys properly.
How to learn from this module?
I want you to remember the first time you see and used typewriter. What do you feel? Can you strike easily? Is it hard to type? Well typewriter is useful in the time that there is no computer. That’s the first time we learn to strike the keyboard isn’t it? I want you to use and study typewriter. This will give you knowledge and it is enjoyable to study. It helps you to type in fastest time.
Do the activity and answer the self-check. Do not look on the paper of your seatmates.
PRETEST
Direction: Read each item carefully; encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. A mechanical device equipped with an inked ribbon, a keyboard, which operates a row of bars terminating in typefaces and other devices by which letters may be successively printed on paper.
a. Typewriterb. Picac. Elited. computer
2. Is a kind of typewriter that has a center point of 50 on the scale and has a small print? It can type 12 characters to an inch and 102 characters on a long or short bond paper.
a. Typewriterb. Picac. Elited. None of the above
3. It is a kind of typewriter that can type 10 character to an inch and 85 characters on a sheet of bond paper.
a. Typewriterb. Picac. Elite
d. None of the above
4. It is a part of typewriter that moves the carriage to desired stops. a. Tab clear
b. tab bar c. space bar d. carriage release
5. What part of the typewriter that advance carriage one space at a time? a. Tab clear
b. tab bar c. space bar d. carriage release
6. It is a kind of typewriter that point where the cards and envelopes are pressed closed to the cylinder.
a. card holder b. paper guide c. carriage d. cylinder knob
7. It is the top moving part of a typewriter which travels from left to right. a. card holder b. paper guide c. carriage d. cylinder knob
8. It is a part of a typewriter that holds and turns forward/backward to turn the platen of typewriter roller to desired typing position.
a. card holder b. paper guide c. carriage d. cylinder knob
9. It holds and moves the right to return the carriage to the left margin and make a line space.
a. carriage return b. carriage release c. cylinder knob d. margin release
10. What letter consists of home keys? a. asdf-jkl;
b. querty c. abcd-efgh d. none of the above
LESSON 1
Preparing to Type
Definition of terms:
Typewriter- a mechanical device equipped with an inked ribbon, a keyboard, which operates a row of bars terminating in typefaces and other devices by which letters may be successively printed on paper.
Pica- This has a big print and a center point of 42 on the scale. It is usually used in typing term papers, thesis, and dissertations. It can type 10 characters to an inch and 85 characters on a sheet of bond paper.
Elite- This is a kind of typewriter that has a center point of 50 on the scale and has a small print. It can type 12 characters to an inch and 102 characters on a long or short bond paper.
Below are the picture of Pica and Elite typewriter.
Pica Elite
Do you want to know my parts and its function? Find it out below!
Parts of the Typewriter
Parts of typewriter and their uses
Paper Guide Scale. Scale used to set the paper guide at point “0”.
Left margin top. Depress and move to set left margin at desired stop.
Line space finder. Regulate spaces, single space for 1, double for 2 and triple for 3
spacing.
Carriage return lever. Hold and move to the right to return the carriage to the left margin
and to make a line space.
Paper bail rolls. Hold paper against 1 cylinder.
Tab bar. Press to move the carriage to desired stops.
Margin release. Press to release the margin stops from it setting without adjusting the
margin set.
Ribbon control selector. Press or move to desired color.
Space bar. Tap with your right thumb to advance carriage one space at a time
Paper bail and rollers. Lift up and down to clamp the paper against the cylinder, adjust
rollers equally on size of paper.
Right margin stop. Press and move to adjust the right margin set.
Paper release lever. Used to straighten and remove the paper without using the cylinder
knob.
Carriage release. Hold the cylinder knobs and press the carriage levers to move the
cartridge freely from left to right.
Cylinder knob. Hold and turn forward/backward to turn the platen of typewriter roller to
desired typing position.
Paper/card holder. Metal or plastic material in front of the cylinder to hold the card or
envelope against the cylinder.
Printing point indicator. Strike any key, hold on, the part where the key struck is used to
locate the point of printing.
Back space key. Arrow key painting to the left to move the carriage one space to the left;
used for centering.
Shift lock key. Press to set the keys to capital letters and upper case symbols.
Below are my essential operations, study and learn. Don’t hesitate to touch and explore in me. I know you will find it easily and enjoyable.
Essential Operation:
1. Moving the carriage to the Right and Return
a. To push the carriage to the right, use the line space lever. Flip the lever with a twist of the wrist.
b. To return the carriage to the left, b race the right hand on the cylinder knob and with the first finger, press the carriage release. Then bring the carriage to the left margin. (For manual typewriter only.)
c. For an electric typewriter, extend the little finger of the right hand and tap the carriage return key. The carriage will quickly jump to the left and automatically move to the next line.
2. Adjusting the paper guide
a. Move the paper guide to the left as far as it can go.b. Set the carriage at 50.c. Make a crease at the center top of a sheet of paper.d. Insert the paper and adjust it in such a way that the center crease is at the printing point or
at 50 on the scale.e. Slide the paper guide to the right until the blade edge is against the side of the sheet of
paper.
3. Controlling the Spacing
The spacing of lines in typing is controlled by the line space regulator. Set it at 1 for single spacing (no blank lines); at 2 for double spacing (one blank line between typed lines); and 3 for triple spacing (two blank lines between typed lines.)
Some machines have 1-1/2 spacing and 2-1/2 spacing.
4. Pica and Elite Spacing
Typewriters are usually equipped with either pica or elite type size.
Pica has a larger print. It prints 10 letters to an inch. On a standard typing paper 8 ½” by 11” it allows 85 characters across the page.
An elite typewriter allows 12 spaces to an inch. It prints 102 characters across the page.If a standard typing paper is inserted with the paper guide at 0-point, the center point on a
pica machine will be 42 and on an elite machine 51. (For convenience 50 is used as center point.)
5. Planning the Margins
The margins at the left and right sides of a typed page are controlled by the margin stops that limit the line of typing. (The desired line of typing is usually indicated in most exercises; if not, determine what length of writing is to be used). To plan the left and right margin settings, these are the steps:
Left margin. Subtract half the desired line from the center point. For example, for a 40- space line, subtract 20 from the center point you are using.
Right margin. Add half the desired line to the center point. Then add 5 extra spaces allowance for end-line adjustments.
6. Setting the margins
Margin setting varies considerably with the different brands and models of typewriters. Most common ones are:
Hand-set mechanism. Many typewriters have hand-set levers or margin set keys. Each lever is moved separately by hand.
a. Press down or push in the lever,b. Slide it right or left to the desired point,c. Release the lever.
7. Inserting and removing paper
To insert and remove paper, the following steps are suggested:
a. Before you insert the paper, pull the paper bail up or out so that it will not interfere.b. With your left hand, grasp the paper and put it behind the cylinder or platen against
the paper guide.c. With your right hand, twirl the cylinder knob to draw paper in.To remove paper, do the following:
a. Press the paper release lever with the first finger of the right hand to loosen paper.b. Grasp the sheet and remove it from the machine.c. Return the paper release lever to its original position.
8. Straightening the paper
If the paper inserted is not straight (left edges are not in line), do the following:
a. Lift the paper bail or depress the paper release to loosen paper.b. Line up the top or left edges of the paper.c. Return the paper release to its original position.d. Place the paper bail over the paper to hold it firmly against the cylinder.e. Set the small rollers about 4-inch apart on the scale.
9. Learning the Home Position or Guide Keys
With the help of the chart on the right, do these:a. Locate the left-hand guide keys, A S D F on the typewriter. Place your left-hand
fingers on these keysb. Now locate the right-hand guide keys, J K L; place your right-hand fingers on these
keys.c. Take your fingers off the home position or guide keys. Replace them, saying the keys,
ASDFJKL; as you touch them. Repeat several times without looking at the keyboard.
10. Striking the keys and space bar
For manual typewriters, strike each key with a firm, sharp stroke and release quickly. For electric typewriters, tap each key lightly with the finger tips.
Correct typing Posture
Sit properly. Hips should be back in the chair. Relax the shoulders. Feet should be flat on the floor. Look at your right side.
Let’s study different punctuation rules.
Punctuation Rules:
PERIOD
1. Use a period at the end of a sentence.
Example: I enjoyed the movie.
2. Use a period after an initial.
Example: M. E. Kerr is a wonderful author.
3. Use a period after an abbreviation.
Example: We welcomed Mrs. Simmons to our team.
4. Use a period as a decimal point.
Example: The workers received a 2.1 percent raise.
5. Use a period to separate dollars and cents.
Example: The book cost $4.95.
EXCLAMATION POINT
1. Use an exclamation point at the end of sentence, phrase, or word to indicate strong
emotion. (Never use more than one exclamation point.)
Example: Wow! I never thought Mom would let us go to the concert!
QUESTION MARK
1. Use a question mark at the end of a question.
Example: Did Steven go with you?
2. Use a question mark at the end of a declarative statement that you want to emphasize as
not believing the statement.
Example: She's our new teacher?
3. Use a question mark with parentheses to indicate that you are not sure of a spelling or
other fact.
Example: I have to visit an orthopedic (?) doctor next week.
COMMA
1. Use a comma after each item in a series of at least three items. (It has become acceptable
to omit the comma before the conjunction in a series. However, it is important to remain
consistent.)
Example: I still need to take a test, write an essay, and check out a book.
2. Use commas after the street address and city in an address. (Do not use a comma after the
state.)
Example: The address is 1234 Apple Street, Midtown, Kansas 98765.
3. Use a comma after the day and the year in a date. (No commas are used in dates when
using the MLA style.)
Example: Connie's birthday is February 20, 1965.
4. Use a comma to clarify large numbers. Counting from right to left, a comma is needed
after every 3 digits. This rule does not apply to years, where no commas are used at all.
Example: In 1998 the population of Claremont was 23,899.
5. Use a comma to set off an interruption in the main thought of a sentence.
Example: Rosa, of course, will bring her folding chairs.
6. Use a comma to separate two or more adjectives that equally modify the same noun. (If
you aren't sure whether to use a comma to separate the adjectives or not, say the sentence
with the word and in place of the comma. If it makes sense, then use the comma.)
Example: Jill was having problems with the unruly, disruptive children.
7. Use a comma after a dependent clause that begins a sentence. (Never use a comma before
a dependent clause at the end of a sentence.)
Example: If Mr. Wilson complains, we'll invite him for a snack.
8. Use a comma before the conjunction in a compound sentence. However, if the two
independent clauses are very short, you do not need the comma.
Example: We had a lot of fun, so I'll have another party soon.
.
9. When quoting, put a comma to the left of a quotation mark that does not already have a
period, question mark, or exclamation point. (It is much easier to remember this rule than
to worry about "inside" and "outside".)
Example: Ariel said, "I knew you would win the contest."
10. Use a comma after a mild interjection, such as oh or well.
Example: Oh, the test was not that difficult.
11. Use a comma after a noun of direct address.
Example: Kodi, didn't I ask you to clean your room?
12. Use a comma after the greeting in a personal letter.
Example: Dear Aunt Sheila,
13. Use a comma after the closing of a letter.
Example: Sincerely,
14. Use a comma to indicate where a pause is necessary in order to avoid confusion.
(Sometimes rewriting the sentence is a better choice.)
Example: After Kelly, Jennifer gets a turn.
15. Use a comma after an appositive. (An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that gives
additional information about the noun that it follows. Do not use a comma after a
restrictive appositive, which is one that cannot be removed from the sentence without
changing the meaning of the sentence.)
Example: Wesley, my brother, is an optician.
15. Use a comma to set off the abbreviation etc.
Example: I went to the store to get napkins, plates, cups, forks, etc.
SEMICOLON
1. Use a semicolon to join two independent clauses. (This eliminates the need for a comma
and a conjunction.)
Example: Casey read a book; then he did a book report.
2. Use a semicolon to separate items in a series when those items contain punctuation such
as a comma.
Example: We went on field trips to Topeka, Kansas; Freedom, Oklahoma; and Amarillo, Texas.
COLON
1. Use a colon between numerals indicating hours and minutes.
Example: School starts at 8:05 a.m.
2. Use a colon to introduce a list that appears after an independent clause. (Introductory
words such as following go somewhere before the colon to help introduce the list.)
Example: You need the following items for class: pencil, pens, paper, ruler, and glue.
3. When mentioning a volume number and page number, use a colon between the two
items.
Example: You will find information about Mexico in Grolier Encyclopedia 17:245.
4. Use a colon after the greeting of a business letter.
Example: Dear Sir:
5. Use a colon between the title and subtitle of a book.
Example: Reading Strategies That Work: Teaching Your Students to Become Better Readers is
an excellent resource.
6. Use a colon between the chapter and verse numbers for parts of the Bible.
Example: Please read Genesis 1:3.
APOSTROPHE
1. Use an apostrophe in a contraction to show where letters have been omitted, or left out.
Example: I don't think I can do this. (The apostrophe shows that the letter
2. Use an apostrophe when you leave out the first two numbers of a year.
She was in the class of '93.
3. For a singular noun that does not end in -s, add’s.
Example: The lady's hands were trembling.
4. For a one syllable singular noun that ends in possessive.
Example: It is my boss's birthday today.
5. If a singular noun has more than one syllable and ends in -s it is acceptable to use’s OR to
use only an apostrophe after the -s. (It is important to remain consistent.)
Example: The metropolis's citizens were very friendly during our visit.
6. To form the possessive of a singular proper noun ending in -s, it is acceptable to
add’s OR to add only an apostrophe. (It is important to remain consistent.)
Example: Mr. Ness's classroom is very inviting.
7. If a plural noun ends in -s, add an apostrophe after the -s.
Example: The ladies' restroom was a mess.
8. If a plural noun does not end with an -s, form the possessive by using an apostrophe
before an -s.
Example: The mice's tails were caught in a trap.
9. For a compound noun, place the possessive ending after the last word.
Example: My mother-in-law's car was in the garage during the hail storm. (singular)
10. To show possession of the same object by more than one noun, only make the last noun
in the series possessive.
Example: I'm looking for Mrs. Garcia, Mrs. Lee, and Miss Carter's office. (They all share the
same office.)
11. Use an apostrophe to form the plural of a number, letter, sign, or word used as a word.
Example: Check to see that you used the +'s and -'s correctly.
QUOTATION MARKS
1. Use quotation marks before and after a direct quote. If the speaker tag interrupts the
quoted material, then two sets of quotation marks are needed. However, do not put
quotation marks around the speaker tag.
Example: "I think my leg is broken," Jesse whimpered.
2. Put quotation marks around the titles of short works, such as articles, songs, short stories,
or poems.
Example: Have you heard the song "Love Me Tender," by Elvis Presley?
3. Place quotation marks around words, letters, or symbols that are slang or being discussed
or used in a special way. (Underlining can be used for the same purpose.)
Example: I have a hard time spelling "miscellaneous."
4. Use single quotation marks for quotation marks within quotations.
Example: "Have your read the poem, 'The Raven,' by Edgar Alan Poe?" I asked Chris.
5. Any punctuation used goes to the left of a quotation mark. However, if the punctuation is
used to punctuate the whole sentence and not just what is inside the quotation marks, then
it goes to the right.
Example: Have you read the poem, "Annabel Lee"?
ELLIPSIS
1. Use an ellipsis to indicate a pause.
Example: You mean ... me ... uh ... we have a test today?
2. Use an ellipsis to indicate omitted words in a quotation.
Example: "Then you'd blast off ... on screen, as if you were looking out ... of a spaceship."
3. If the ellipses come at the end of your sentence, you still need end punctuation, even it is
a period.
Example: I listened carefully as the teacher read Lincoln's inaugural address. "Four score and
seven years ago ...."
HYPHEN
1. Use a hyphen in compound numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine.
Example: The final score was seventy-eight to sixty-two.
2. Use a hyphen between the numbers in a fraction.
Example: I only used three-fourths of the flour you gave me.
3. Use a hyphen to form some compound words, especially compound adjectives that
appear for the nouns they modify.
Example: The court took a ten-minute recess.
4. Use a hyphen to join a capital letter to a word.
Example: I had to have my arm X-rayed.
5. Use a hyphen to show a family relationship, except "grand" and "half."
Example: My sister-in-law helps take care of my great-aunt.
DASH
1. Use a pair of dashes to indicate a sudden interruption in a sentence. (One handwritten
dash is twice as long as a hyphen. One typewritten dash is one hyphen followed by
another.)
Example: There is one thing--actually several things--which I need to tell you.
2. Use a dash to attach an afterthought to an already complete sentence.
Example: Sarah bought a new pet yesterday--a boa constrictor.
3. Use a dash after a series of introductory elements.
Example: Murder, armed robbery, assault--he has a long list of felonies on his record.
PARENTHESES
1. Use a set of parentheses around a word or phrase in a sentence that adds information or
makes an idea more clear. (Punctuation is placed inside the parentheses to mark the
material in the parentheses. Punctuation is placed outside the parentheses to mark the
entire sentence. When the material in parentheses is longer than one sentence [such as
this information], then the punctuation for the final sentence is placed inside the
parentheses.)
Example: Your essay (all nine pages of it) is on my desk.
2. Do not use parentheses within parentheses. Use brackets in place of the inner
parentheses.
Example: Please refer to Julius Caesar (Act IV, scene i [page 72]).
BRACKETS
1. Use brackets around words of your own that you add to the words of someone you are
quoting.
Example: The news anchor announced, "It is my sad duty to inform our audience that we are
now at war [with Iraq]."
UNDERLINING (OR ITALICS)
It is more acceptable to use italics when available.
1. Underline titles of long works such as books, magazines, albums, movies, etc. (Do not
underline end punctuation.)
Example: We use The Language Handbook to study grammar.
Example: We use The Language Handbook to study grammar.
2. Underline foreign words which are not commonly used in everyday English.
Example: If you look closely, you'll see e pluribus on most U.S. currency.
3. Underline a word, number, or letter which is being discussed or used in a special way.
(Quotation marks can be used for the same purpose.)
Example: Remember to dot every I and cross every t.
Spacing
1. In general, put one space after punctuation.
2. In general, put no spaces before punctuation, but put a space between words.
3. Exceptions.
o Put two spaces after colons and between sentences.
o Put no spaces after periods inside abbreviations.
o Put no space before or after an apostrophe.
o Put no space on the "inside" of quotation marks (often called "quotes").
Put no space on the "inside" of parentheses
GWAM
Also known as GWPM, which is short for Gross Words per Minute, GWAM is short for Gross
Words A Minute and is similar to WPM except it does not account for any errors. GWAM is the
overall typing speed regardless of how many errors you make. GWAM is often used as a
measurement for users who are just learning to type and is later replaced by WPM.
GWAM can be easily calculated by typing text from an alternate source for 3 to 5 minutes and
taking the amount of words you typed and divide it by the amount of minutes you typed. For
example, if you typed 400 words in 5 minutes; divide 400 into 5 to get your 80GWAM.
Now that you know all about typewriter, we will have an activity.
Activity: “Match it!”
Direction: The students will count until they will have their number. Their number will
be their designated number for the activity. The teacher will pick a number from the box
that will answer the activity. They will identify and match the unknown parts of the
typewriter using the different parts that is written in the cards.
Paper table space bar
Type lever key top
Platen knob shift keys
Ribbon spool
carriage release
lever
Ribbon reverse button
Ribbon vibrator
Let see whether you have learned something from the discussion. Answer the self-check that follows.
Self- Check:
Direction: Read each item carefully; encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. It is the point where the cards and envelopes are pressed closed to the cylinder.a. Card holderb. Cylinderc. Line space leverd. Paper guide
2. It is the top moving part which travels left to righta. Cylinderb. Paper guidec. Carriaged. Cylinder knob
3. A typewriter which prints 12 characters to an inch is called _____a. Picab. Elitec. Electric typewriterd. None of the above
4. Home keys consist ofa. Queryb. Asdf-jkl;c. Sws-lold. None of the above
5. The finger used in typing letter P is a. R1b. R4c. L1d. None of the above
6. It is the short term for GWAM.a. General weighted average per minuteb. Gross Weighted Average a Minutec. Gross Words a Minuted. None of the above
7. The typewriter that has 10 characters in every inch.a. Eliteb. Electricc. Picad. Manual
8. It is the Home Keys of the left hand.a. asdfb. jkl;c. abcdd. jkl
9. The key that advances the carriage one space at a timea. Tab clear keyb. Space barc. Tab bard. Back space key
10. The key that moves the carriage back one space at a time.a. Back space keyb. Tab set keyc. Space bard. Tab clear key
Post-Test:
Direction: Read each item carefully; encircle the letter of the correct answer.
5. A mechanical device equipped with an inked ribbon, a keyboard, which operates a row of bars terminating in typefaces and other devices by which letters may be successively printed on paper.
e. Typewriterf. Picag. Eliteh. computer
6. Is a kind of typewriter that has a center point of 50 on the scale and has a small print? It can type 12 characters to an inch and 102 characters on a long or short bond paper.
a. Typewriter
b. Picac. Elited. None of the above
7. It is a kind of typewriter that can type 10 character to an inch and 85 characters on a sheet of bond paper.
a. Typewriterb. Picac. Elite
d. None of the above
8. It is a part of typewriter that moves the carriage to desired stops. a. Tab clear
b. tab bar c. space bar d. carriage release
5. What part of the typewriter that advance carriage one space at a time? a. Tab clear
b. tab bar c. space bar d. carriage release
6. It is a kind of typewriter that point where the cards and envelopes are pressed closed to the cylinder.
a. card holder b. paper guide c. carriage d. cylinder knob
7. It is the top moving part of a typewriter which travels from left to right. a. card holder b. paper guide c. carriage d. cylinder knob
8. It is a part of a typewriter that holds and turns forward/backward to turn the platen of typewriter roller to desired typing position.
a. card holder b. paper guide c. carriage d. cylinder knob
9. It holds and moves the right to return the carriage to the left margin and make a line space.
a. carriage return b. carriage release c. cylinder knob d. margin release
10. What letter consists of home keys? a. asdf-jkl;
b. querty c. abcd-efgh d. none of the above
Did you know that?
Christopher Latham Sholes(1819-1890)Sholes was a U.S. mechanical engineer who invented the first practical modern typewriter, patented in 1868. Sholes invented the typewriter with partners S. W. Soule and G. Glidden, that was manufactured (by Remington Arms Company) in 1873.
Answer key:
Pre-test: Self-check:1. a 1. a2. c 2. c3. b 3. a4. b 4. b5. d 5. b6. a 6. c7. c 7. c8. d 8. a9. a 9. b10. b 10. a
Activity: Post-test:
1. space bar 1. a
2. type lever 2. c3. platen knob 3. b4. carriage release lever 4. b5. ribbon spool 5. d6. shift key 6. a7. ribbon vibrator 7. c8. ribbon reverse button 8. d9. key top 9. a10. paper table 10. b
References:
Instructional Module in Keyboarding, Manlutac, Magnolia B.
http://staff.xu.edu/polt/typewriters/tw-parts.html
www.google.com
www.yahoo.com
http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcT3sJIE3vRU5LmOvF76xMZdWuAY3x_DAbEhUIeoEFi3KaaO1lY&t=1&usg=__ivxkFFc9tP1hRk80d2unFu31FKU=
http://www.ninc.com/blog/index.php/archives/confessions-of-a-fiction-writing-teacher