modulejpn chapter10

8/7/2019 MODULEJPN CHAPTER10

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CHAPTER 10 : RATE OF REACTION

SECTION A: Common Mistake Made By The Candidates

1. Many students have difficulty explaining

(i) What is meant by rate of reaction. Remember two points: it is the changein volume or mass etc over a period of time. Time and change are often

omitted .

(ii) The affect of the factor on the rate of reaction. Frequency, name of ions

involve in collision are always omitted.

2. Remember that the total volume of gas released by the same amountof metal isalways the same when reacted with acid,. A common error is to think that

powdered metal, gives off more gas than larger metal of the same amount of

metal

3. The total volume of gas released by a catalysed reaction is exactly the same as for

an uncatalysed reaction.

4. In rate questions, a common error is to state the volume is increasing and not

mention the rate. Remember that the rate is getting less and less with time because

rate is the difference in volume divided by time

1 | P a g e R a t e o f R e a c t i o n


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SECTION B: DIAGNOSTIC QUESTION

a) Objective question

1. Which of the following equations gives the meaning of rate of reaction?Antara berikut yang manakah memberi makna kadar tindakbalas?

A Volume of gas liberatedtime taken

B Increase in mass of reactant

Time taken

C Increase in mass of reactant

Time taken

D Volume of gas liberated

Changes in mass of reactant

2. Which will react the fastest with hydrochloric acid?Manakah akan bertindak paling cepat dengan asid hidroklorik?

A. powdered marble at 25oCSerbuk marmar pada 25oC

B. marblechips at 400CKetulan marmar pada 40oC

C. powdered marble at 400C

Serbuk marmar pada 40o

CD. marblechips at 250CKetulan marmar pada 25 oC

3. Which decreases the frequency of collision between reactant particles?Manakah akan mengurangkan frekuensi perlanggaran antara zarah-zarah

bahan tindakbalas

A. Raise the temperature of the reaction mixtureManaikkan suhu campuran tindakbalas

B. Break the solid into smaller pieces

Pecahkan pepejal kepada saiz lebih kecilC. Decrease the concentration of the solutionMengurangkan kepekatan larutan

D. Increase the pressure of the gasesMenambahkan tekanan gas



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4. Potatoes cook more quickly in boiling vegetable oil than in boiling water.This isbecause oil

Ubi kentang masak lebih cepat dalam minyak sayuran yang mendidih berbanding

dalam air yang mendidih. Ini disebabkan minyak

A. contains watermengandungi air

B. replaces the water in the potatoesMengantikan air dalam ubi kentang

C. catalyses the cooking process

Memangkin proses memasak

D. boils at a higher temperature than watermendidih pada suhu yang lebih tinggi daripada air

5. Which of the following is correct about catalyse?Antara berikut yang manakah benar tentang mangkin?

A. The mass of catalyse will stay the same during the reactionJisim mangking kekal sama sepanjang tindakbalas

B. The catalysed reaction will produce more product than the uncatalysed

reactionTindakbalas bermangkin menghasilkan lebih banyak hasil tindakbalas

berbanding dengan yang tidak bermangkin.

C The particles in the catalysed reaction will have more energy than in the

uncatalysed reaction.

D Zarah dalam tindakbalas bermangkin lebih bertenagaberbanding dengan

yang tidak bermangkin.

6. The graph shows how the total volume of a gas given off changes with time.Inwhich time interval is smallest rate gas given off?

Graf menunjukkan bagaimana jumlah isipadu gas yang terhasil berubah denganmasa. Dalam sela masa manakah kadar penghasilan gas paling rendah?


volume

of

gas

Time/sA B C D


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7. Three different metals, Cu, Fe and Mg, are each added to an excess of dilute

hydrochloric acid.The graph shows how hydrogen is given off.Setiap tiga logam yang berlainan, Cu, Fe, Mg ditindakbalas dengan asid

hidroklorik yang berlebihan. Graf menunjukkan bagaimana gas dibebaskan

Which metal gives which curve?

Lengkungan yang manakah mewakili logam.

1 2 3

A. Fe Ag Mg

B. Mg Ag Fe

C. Cu Fe Mg

D. Mg Fe Ag

8. In the graph, curve (X) was obtained when 1 g of granulated zinc reacted withan excess of hydrochloric acid at 30oC.Dalam graf berikut lengkung (x) diperolehi apabila 1 g ketulan zink

bertindakbalas dengan asid hidroklorik berlebihan pada 30oC.

Which of the following changes would give the curve (Y)?


Total volume CO2

time

X

Y

Volume ofhydrogen

Time/s


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Antara perubahan berikut yang manakah akan menghasilkan lengkung ((Y)?

A. 1.0 g of powdered zinc at 20oC1.0 g serbuk zink pada 20oC

B. 1.0 g of granulated zinc at 20o

C.1.0 g ketulan zink pada 20oC

C. 0.5 g of granulated zinc at 40oC.0.5 g ketulan zink pada 40oC

D .0.5 g of granulated zinc at 20oC0.5 g serbuk zink pada 20oC

9. In the graph, curve (P) was obtained when 1 g of granulated zinc reacted with an

excess of hydrochloric acid at 30oC.

Dalam graf berikut lengkung (P) diperolehi apabila 1 g ketulan zinkbertindakbalas dengan asid hidroklorik berlebihan pada 30oC.

Which of the following changes would give the curve (Q)?Antara perubahan berikut yang manakah akan menghasilkan lengkung ((Q)?

A. 1.0 g of powdered zinc at 40oC

1.0 g serbuk zink pada 40oC

B. 1.0 g of granulated zinc at 20oC.

1.0 g ketulan zink pada 20oC

C. 0.5 g of granulated zinc at 40oC.0.5 g ketulan zink pada 40oC

D. 0.5 g of granulated zinc at 20oC

0.5 g ketulan zink pada 20oC


Total volume CO2

time

P

Q


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10. Which set of changes is most likely to make the reaction between a solid

metal and an acid safe for the students to use?Antara set perubahan berikut yang manakah menjadikan tindak balas antara

satu pepejal logam dengan asid paling selamat untuk pelajar lakukan

.

Pieces of solidKepingan pepejal AcidAsid TemperatureSuhu

A. Larger

Lebih besar

Less concentration

Kepekatan lebih kecil

Lower

Lebih rendah

B. Larger Lebih besar

More concentrationKepekatan lebih tinggi

HigherLebih tinggi

C. Smaller Lebih kecil

Less concentrationKepekatan lebih kecil

LowerLebih rendah

D. Smaller Lebih kecil

More concentrationKepekatan lebih tinggi

HigherLebih tinggi

b)Structure Questions

State three ways in which the rate of reaction between zinc and dilute sulphuric acid can be

increased.Nyatakan tiga cara di mana kadar tindak balas antara zink dan asid sulfurik cair dapat

ditingkatkan.

..

..

..

Equal lengths of excess of magnesium ribbon were added to 3.0 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acidand to 3.0 mol/dm3 sulphuric acid.

Tiga pita magnesium yang berlebihan yang sama panjang ditambahkan kepada asidhidroklorik 3.0 mol/dm3 dan asid sulfurik 3.0 mol/dm3.

Write the equation for the reactions.Tuliskan persamaan tindak balas.

..

In which acid would the rate of reaction is higher at the start? Explain your answer.Dalam asid yang manakah kadar awal tindak balas adalah lebih tinggi?Terangkan

jawapan anda.

...



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...

What would be the effect on the rate of reaction if the magnesium ribbon were replacedby powdered magnesium? Explain your answer?

Apakah kesan kepada kadar tindak balas jika pita magnesium diganti dengan serbuk

magnesium. Terangkan jawapan anda

..

..

How would the rate of reaction change if the concentration of the acid were changed to 6

mol/dm3.Bagaimanakah kadar tindak balas berubah jika kepakatan asid diubah kepada 6.0

mol/dm3

...

A solution of hydrogen peroxide was allowed to decompose and the oxygen given off wascollected. A black solid was added to the solution at 5 minutes.The graph shows the change in

the total volume of oxygen evolved with time.Satu larutan hidrogen peroksida dibiarkan mengurai dan gas oksigen yang terbebas

dikumpulkan. Satu pepejal hitam telah ditambah kepada larutan itu pada masa lima

minit.Graf menunjukkan perubahan isipadu oksigen yang dibebas dengan masa.

What is the effect of black solid on the rate of the reaction?Apakah kesan pepejal hitam ke atas kadar tindak balas?

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................


Totalvolumeofoxygen

Time in minute

5 10 15 20


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What is the general name given to compounds causing this effect?Apakah nama umum diberikan kepada sebatian yang memberikan kesan itu?

.....................................................................................................................................

Write the equation for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.

Tuliskan persamaa bagi pemguraian hidrogen peroksida.

...............................................................................................................................................

Sulphur was formed when hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulphate are mixedSurfur terhasil apabila asid hidroklorik dan natrium tiosulfat dicampurkan.

2HCl + Na2S2O3 2NaCl + SO2 + S

What would you see during the reaction?

Apakah yang akan diperhatikan semasa tindakbalas.

...

...

State two ways to make the rate of reaction increase.Nyatakan dua cara untuk meningkatkan kadar tindak balas

...............................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................

Why is sulphur dioxide gas cannot be use to calculate the rate of reaction?

Mengapakah gas sulfur dioksida tidak boleh diguna untuk mengukur kadar tindakbalas?

...

...

In this experiment, 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid is added to 50 cm3 of 1.0

mol/dm3 Sodium tiosulphate.What causes the reaction to stop.

Dalam tindak balas ini, 50 cm3 asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol/dm3 telah ditambah kepada 50cm3 natrium tiosulfat 1.0 mol/dm3

Aapakah yang menyebabkan tindakbalas berhenti.

...



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..

..

An experiment was carried out using excess small zinc granules and hydrochloric acid.Hydrogen gas is formed and was recorded.

The initial experiment are marked as the 'P. The experiment was repeated after varying the

reaction conditions.Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan menggunakan ketulan zink kecil berlebihan dan asid

hidroklorik. Gas hidrogen dibebaskan dan direkodkan.Eksprimen awal di tanda sebagai P.Eksperimen diulang setelah diubah keadaan tindak balas

Which experiment is going by double concentration of hydrochloric acid?Eksperimen yang manakah dilakukan dengan menggandakan kepekatan asid hidroklorik?

................................................................................................................................................

Which experiment is going by half concentration of hydrochloric acid?

Eksperimen yang manakah dilakukan dengan mengurangkan separuh kepekatan asidhidroklorik.

Which experiment is going by adding the cooper(II)sulphate?

Eksperimen yang manakah dilakukan dengan menambahkan kuprum(II)sulfat.

................................................................................................................................................


W

X P Y

Z

lume

of

s/cm3

Time/

s


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Which experiment is going by using larger zinc granules?Eksperimen yang manakah dilakukan dengan menggunakan ketulan zink yang lebih

besar?

................................................................................................................................................The reaction of calcium carbonate with excess dilute nitric acid produces carbon dioxide. The

volume of carbon dioxide given off at 20 second intervals was recorded and plotted.Tindak balas kalsium karbonat dengan asid nitrik berlebihan menghasilkan karbon dioksida.

Isipadu gas karbon dioksida yang dibebaskan direkodkan pada sela 20 saat kemudian

diplotkan.

Draw a graph on the grid.Lukiskan satu graf pada grid.

Calculate the rate of reaction at 30 and 60 seconds.Hitungkan kadar tindak balas pada 30 dan 60 saat .


volume

of carbondioxide /

cm3

Time/s


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Why does the reaction slow down?Mengapa kadar tindak balas berkurang?

................................................................................................................................................

SECTION C: PAPER 2a)Structure Question

1. An experiment is conducted to determine the rate of reaction between 25 cm3 of

hydrochloric acid 0.1 mol dm-3 and 10.0 g of marble chips. The gas given off is

collected.. The table shows the result of the experiment.Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk menentukan kadar tindak balas antara 25 cm 3

asid hidroklorik 0.1 mol dm-3 dan 10.0 g ketulankalsium karbonat. Jadual menunjukkan

keputusan eksperimen itu.

Time /sMasa/s

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175

Volume of gas/cm3

Isipadu gas/cm30 16 32 48 58 60 60 60

[Relative atomic mass: Ca=40; C=12; O=16. Molar volume of gas = 24 dm 3 mol-1 at

room condition]

(a) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and

calcium carbonate.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara asid hidroklorik dengankalsium karbonat.

................................................................................................................................

[2 mark]

(b) Calculate the average rate of reaction in the first 50 seconds.Hitungkan kadar tindak balas purata dalam 50 saat yang pertama.

[1 mark]

(c) (i) Plot a graph of volume of gas against time on the graph paper provided.Lukiskan graf isipadu gasmelawan masa menggunakan kertas graf yang

dibekalkan.

[4 marks]



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(ii) Calculate the rate of reaction at 100 seconds.Hitungkan kadar tindak balas pada 100 saat .

[3 marks]

SECTION D: PAPER 3Structure Questions

Diagram shows burette reading from two set of experiments.Rajah menunjukkan bacaan buret dari dua set eksperimen

Experiment 1 Initial reading

0.00 cm3

Experiment 2 Initial reading Fin

Write the initial and the final reading of the burette in the space provided.



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Tuliskan bacaan awal dan akhir buret di ruang yang disediakan bagi eksperimen I dan II.

Construct the table to record the initial and the final reading and volume of solution useBina jadual untuk merekodkan bacaan awal,bacaan akhir dan isipadu larutan yang

digunakan.

Diagram shows the reading of the stop watch from two set of experiments.

Rajah menunjukkan bacaan jam randik buret dari dua set eksperimen.

clock diagram time/s

Experiment 1

Experiment 2

Experiment 3



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Record the reading of the stop watch of each experiment.Rekodkan bacaan jam randik setiap eksperimen.

A student carried out an experiment to investigate the rate of the reaction between sodium

thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid.50 cm3 of sodium thiosulphate solution was poured into a 100 cm3 beaker. The beaker was

placed on a cross drawn on a piece of paper. 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid was added to the

beaker and the timer started.The time was taken until the cross could not be seen. The time was recorded in the table.

Four experiment was repeated using different volumes of sodium thiosulphatethe but total

volume of solution kept constant. All experiments were carried out at 25 C.

Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas antara

natrium tiosulfat dan asid hidroklorik.50 cm3 larutan natrium tiosulfat dituang ke dalam satu bikar 100 cm3. Bikar itu diletakkan ata

tanda pangkah sekeping kertas. 10 cm3 asid hidroklorik kemudian ditambah kepada bikar itu

dan masa dimulakan.Empat eksperimen telah diulang menggunakan isipadu natrium tiosulfat yang berbeza tetapi

jumlah isipadu adalah tetap. Semua eksperimen dilakukan pada suhu 25oC

State all the variables for these experiment.


10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid

Paper with crossmarked on it

Sodium thiosulphate

solution

Beaker


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Berikan semua pembolehubah bagi eksperimen ini

Manipulated variables.

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi

.......................................................................................................................................

Responding variables:Pembolehubah bergerak balas.

.......................................................................................................................................

Constant variables:

Pembolehubah dimalarkan:

.......................................................................................................................................[ 3 marks

Based on the experiment complete the table with correct observation ant related inference

[ 3 marks



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modulejpn chapter10

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