The Changing Landscape and its Impact on ATM Mohamed Faisal Bin Mohamed Salleh Deputy Director ATM Research Institute

presented by

Mohamed Faisal Bin Mohamed Salleh Deputy Director, Senior Research Fellow Air Traffic Management Research Institute

Urban Traffic Management (UTM) for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)

Objective: To develop traffic management solutions enabling efficient and safe operations of UAS in Singapore’s urban environment.

1. Next Era of Aviation

2. Motivation

3. Challenges

4. Current Regulations

5. Preliminary Concepts

6. Methodology

7. Guiding Principles

AGENDA

Next Era of Aviation

• The major driver of this market is that UAVs

can be employed in potentially hazardous

conditions and also in mundane, repetitive

operations prone to human error.

• Suppliers of UAVs are releasing products that

can be used in areas such as delivery, aerial

photography, surveillance and information

gathering which drives the increase usage of

UAVs in low altitude and urban environment.

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Growth of UAS Operations

• World Drone Market Seen

Nearing $127 Billion in

2020, PwC Says

*SourceFAA Aerospace Forecast Fiscal Year 2017-2037 **Source: Estimate based on calculations determined by data provided by DroneDeploy users

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-05-09/world-drone-market-seen-nearing-127-billion-in-2020-pwc-says

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Motivation

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• Growing demand for UAS operations by both commercial and government agencies – Dull, Dirty and Dangerous

• Limited land and sea for residential and commercial development. So is Airspace!

• Smart Nation – Green, Integrated and Interoperable

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• Risk to Aviation and Public Safety

• Limited and congested Urban Airspace

• Airworthiness and Flight Operations

Unmanned Aircraft Separation

• Remote Pilot Competency and

Licensing

• Security and Privacy

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ALERT Photo of a drone dangerously close to

Singapore Airlines A350 above the Swan River

in Perth

By Melanie Kraft- April 7, 2017

Challenges for UAS Operations in Urban Airspace

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Ref: https://www.onemap.sg/index.html

Current Regulations in Singapore

No Purpose Weight of Unmanned Aircraft Permit Required 1. For any purpose More than 7kg in total weight Operator and Activity Permits

2. For any business purpose (i.e. Commercial activities

or Specialised services) including if not Recreation

or Research in nature

Any weight Operator and Activity Permits

3. For Recreation or Research Not more than 7kg No permit required. However, an Activity Permit (only) is required

if the unmanned aircraft is flown outdoors: in a Restricted or Danger Area;

or within 5km of an aerodrome/military airbase regardless of operating height,

or above 200 feet beyond 5km of an aerodrome/military airbase

Background : • In Jun 2015, amendment to Air Navigation Act to regulate the operation of

unmanned aircraft in Singapore in the interests of public safety and

security.

• Drones are becoming more common and affordable

7 Ref: http://www.caas.gov.sg/caas/en/ANS/unmanned-aircraft.html © ATMRI. All Rights Reserved.

• Layers Concept – Divide the airspace in layers, same heading

• Zones Concept – Spider-web structure

Spectrum of ConOps for Urban Airspace Design

• Full Mix Concept – Automatic Detect and Avoid Conflict

• Tubes Concept – Speed Control Source : METROPOLIS Urban Airspace Design

Preliminary Concepts

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“Self-managed”

“Regulated”

Capacity?

Efficiency?

Safety?

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Amazon proposal would create dedicated

sections as follows:

“Airspace below 200 feet, or the ‘Low-

Speed Localized Traffic’ area, will be

reserved for

(1) terminal non-transit operations such as

surveying, videography and inspection, and

(2) operations for lesser-equipped vehicles,

e.g. ones without sophisticated sense-and-

avoid (SAA) technology. Those lesser-

equipped vehicles will not have access to

certain airspace in this zone, such as over

heavily-populated areas.

‘High-Speed Transit’ space, between 200

and 400 feet, will be designated for well

equipped vehicles as determined by the

relevant performance standards and rules.

9 http://jdasolutions.aero/blog/amazon-uas-proposal/

Preliminary Concepts (con’t)

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Focus Areas

• Airspace Management

• Performance based for C2 Link & CNS

coverage

• Geofencing

• Safe Separation Distance

• Detect and Avoid

• Urban Infrastructures (Designated

Landing and Take-off Area)

Phases of Flight

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Block 1: Establishing

ConOps for Traffic

Management of UAS

•Study the different

concepts via Simulation

& Modelling - phase of

flight

•Establish the

performance

requirements of traffic

management for UAS

operations

•Safety Risk

Assessment

Methodology

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Block 2: Developing

an integrated test-bed

systems (component)

•Perform R&D on the

technologies, systems

and development of

prototypes required for

each phase of flight

(component level)

•Test-bed will be

developed from a

“clean-slate”

•Environmental and

geographical constraints

added

Block 3: Integration

System of Systems

•Amalgamate sub-

systems and technologies

established

•Testing and validating

the System for TM-UAS

(System of Systems)

indoor/outdoor

environment

Block 4: Demonstrating

UAS operations

•Develop a pilot scenario

based on Singapore’s

geographical and

environmental conditions

•Evaluate specific

operations of UAS in

urban environment

TRL 3

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TRL 6

Guiding Principles for UAS Operations in Urban Airspace

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1.Flexible and Dynamic Airspace

2.ATM -> UTM vs UTM -> ATM

3.ConOps will define the requirements for technologies and

management principles.

Thank you

Acknowledgement

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Nanyang Technological University Air Traffic Management Research Institute

Programme - Traffic Management of Unmanned Aircraft Systems

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