molarity revised 9/07/2006. molarity the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of...

Molarity Revised 9/07/2006

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Molarity

Revised 9/07/2006

Molarity

• the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution.

• The units, therefore are moles per liter, specifically it's moles of solute per liter of solution.

• Molarity = moles of solute liter of solution

Molarity

•Rather than writing out moles per liter, these units are abbreviated capitol M

Example 1: What is the Molarity of a 3L solution containing 5.00 moles of NaOH?

M = Moles liter of solution

M = 5.00 moles 3 liters of solution

M = 1.67 moles/liter

Page 5: Molarity Revised 9/07/2006. Molarity the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution. The units, therefore are moles per liter, specifically

We can also determine the moles of solute in a solution if we know the volume and the molarity.

moles of solute = liter of solution x Molarity

Page 6: Molarity Revised 9/07/2006. Molarity the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution. The units, therefore are moles per liter, specifically

Example 2: How many moles of Na2CO3 are there in 10.0 L of 2.0 M solution?

?moles = liter of solution x Molarity

?moles = 10.0 L x 2.0 M

?moles = 20

Page 7: Molarity Revised 9/07/2006. Molarity the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution. The units, therefore are moles per liter, specifically

We can also determine the number of liters of a solution to use if we know the number of moles needed and the Molarity of the solution.

liters of solution = moles of solute Molarity

Page 8: Molarity Revised 9/07/2006. Molarity the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution. The units, therefore are moles per liter, specifically

Example 3:What volume (in mL) of 18.0 M H2SO4 is needed to contain 2.45 moles H2SO4?

liters of solution = moles of solute Molarity

liters of solution = 2.45moles 18.0 M

liters of solution = .136 = 136 mL

Page 9: Molarity Revised 9/07/2006. Molarity the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution. The units, therefore are moles per liter, specifically

• You should remember from last time how to calculate the moles of solute.

• We can substitute Moles with the following

• liter of solution = g solute ÷ molar mass Molarity

Page 10: Molarity Revised 9/07/2006. Molarity the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution. The units, therefore are moles per liter, specifically

Example 4 What will be the final volume of a solution containing 45.7 g of NaOH to make a .5 M solution?

liters of solution = g solute ÷ molar mass Molarity

liters of solution = 45.7 g ÷ 39.99 g/mole 0.50 M

liters of solution = 2.29 L

Molarity

We can also determine the molarity of a solution if we know the number of grams and the volume of the solution.

M= grams of solute ÷ molar mass liter of solution

Page 12: Molarity Revised 9/07/2006. Molarity the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution. The units, therefore are moles per liter, specifically

Example 5: What is the Molarity of a 3L solution containing 5.00 g of NaOH?

M= grams of solute ÷ molar mass liter of solution

M= 5.00 grams ÷ 39.99 g/mole 3 liters of solution

M= .042 moles/liter

Page 13: Molarity Revised 9/07/2006. Molarity the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution. The units, therefore are moles per liter, specifically

Rearranging the equation above we can easily calculate the amount of chemical needed in grams for a solution of a given final volume and Molarity.

g of chemical = M x molar mass x liter of solution

Page 14: Molarity Revised 9/07/2006. Molarity the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution. The units, therefore are moles per liter, specifically

Notice that the units cancel and you are left with grams.

grams = mole x grams x liter

liter mole

Page 15: Molarity Revised 9/07/2006. Molarity the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution. The units, therefore are moles per liter, specifically

Example 6: How many grams of Cu(NO3)2 are needed to make 0.289 liters of a 0.0300 M Cu(NO3)2 solution?

Grams = M x molar mass x liter of solution

Grams = 0.0300 moles/liter x 187.57g/mole x 0.289 liters

Grams = 1.63

Page 16: Molarity Revised 9/07/2006. Molarity the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution. The units, therefore are moles per liter, specifically

Homework Problems

Page 17: Molarity Revised 9/07/2006. Molarity the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution. The units, therefore are moles per liter, specifically

1. Find the number of moles of the solute of 2.5 L of a 4.6 M Ag2SO4 solution.

11.5 moles

Page 18: Molarity Revised 9/07/2006. Molarity the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution. The units, therefore are moles per liter, specifically

2. Find the number of moles in .5 L of a 2.1 M NaOH solution.

1.05 moles

Page 19: Molarity Revised 9/07/2006. Molarity the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution. The units, therefore are moles per liter, specifically

3. Find the volume of 5.3 moles of NaCl dissolved to make a .51 M solution.

10.39 Liters

Page 20: Molarity Revised 9/07/2006. Molarity the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution. The units, therefore are moles per liter, specifically

4. What is the volume (in liters) of 4.67 moles of KCl dissolved to make a 3.7 M solution?

1.26 Liters

Page 21: Molarity Revised 9/07/2006. Molarity the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution. The units, therefore are moles per liter, specifically

5. Find the Molarity given 3.48 moles of CH3COOH in 14.3 L.

.24 M

Page 22: Molarity Revised 9/07/2006. Molarity the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution. The units, therefore are moles per liter, specifically

6. Given 22.98 g of HBR in 8.4 L, what is the Molarity?

.03 M

Page 23: Molarity Revised 9/07/2006. Molarity the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution. The units, therefore are moles per liter, specifically

7. 247.3 g of C6H12O6 9.9 L Using this information, find the Molarity.

.14 M

Page 24: Molarity Revised 9/07/2006. Molarity the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution. The units, therefore are moles per liter, specifically

8. Find the number of grams needed to make 3.08 L of a .27 M KCN solution.

54.18 grams

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molarity revised 9/07/2006. molarity the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of...

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