Molecular Molecular CompoundsCompounds

SNC2DSNC2D

Molecular CompoundsMolecular Compounds

Sometimes non-metals don’t borrow Sometimes non-metals don’t borrow electrons from metals to fill their electrons from metals to fill their last shell; instead, they get together last shell; instead, they get together and ?and ?

Molecular CompoundsMolecular Compounds

Sometimes non-metals don’t borrow Sometimes non-metals don’t borrow electrons from metals to fill their electrons from metals to fill their last shell; instead, they get together last shell; instead, they get together and and shareshare their electrons. their electrons.

Molecular CompoundsMolecular Compounds

Since they are sharing valence Since they are sharing valence electrons, the bond formed between electrons, the bond formed between the atoms is called ?the atoms is called ?

Molecular CompoundsMolecular Compounds

Since they are sharing valence Since they are sharing valence electrons, the bond formed between electrons, the bond formed between the atoms is called the atoms is called covalentcovalent..

Molecular CompoundsMolecular Compounds

Since they are sharing valence Since they are sharing valence electrons, the bond formed between electrons, the bond formed between the atoms is called the atoms is called covalentcovalent..

These compounds can be represented These compounds can be represented using Lewis dot diagrams: e.g.using Lewis dot diagrams: e.g.

Molecular CompoundsMolecular Compounds

Or, more commonly, by Kekulé Or, more commonly, by Kekulé diagrams, where each electron diagrams, where each electron shared is represented by a line shared is represented by a line connecting the chemical symbols, connecting the chemical symbols, e.g.:e.g.:

Molecular CompoundsMolecular Compounds

Example:Example:

Molecular CompoundsMolecular Compounds

Example:Example:

Multiple BondsMultiple Bonds

The sharing of more than one electron The sharing of more than one electron is represented using more than one is represented using more than one line, e.g.:line, e.g.:

Multiple BondsMultiple Bonds

The sharing of more than one electron The sharing of more than one electron is represented using more than one is represented using more than one line, e.g.:line, e.g.:

There is a double bond between the There is a double bond between the carbon atoms.carbon atoms.

Naming Molecular Naming Molecular CompoundsCompounds

The elements in the name are given The elements in the name are given prefixes corresponding to the prefixes corresponding to the subscripts (number of atoms) and subscripts (number of atoms) and the second element is given the the second element is given the suffix “-ide.”suffix “-ide.”

e.g.e.g. COCO22 is carbon is carbon didioxideoxide

The PrefixesThe Prefixes

11 22 33 44 55 66 77

The PrefixesThe Prefixes

11 Mono-*Mono-* 22 33 44 55 66 77

The PrefixesThe Prefixes

11 Mono-*Mono-* 22 Di-Di- 33 44 55 66 77

The PrefixesThe Prefixes

11 Mono-*Mono-* 22 Di-Di- 33 Tri-Tri- 44 55 66 77

The PrefixesThe Prefixes

11 Mono-*Mono-* 22 Di-Di- 33 Tri-Tri- 44 Tetra-Tetra- 55 66 77

The PrefixesThe Prefixes

11 Mono-*Mono-* 22 Di-Di- 33 Tri-Tri- 44 Tetra-Tetra- 55 Penta-Penta- 66 77

The PrefixesThe Prefixes

11 Mono-*Mono-* 22 Di-Di- 33 Tri-Tri- 44 Tetra-Tetra- 55 Penta-Penta- 66 Hexa-Hexa- 77

The PrefixesThe Prefixes

11 Mono-*Mono-* 22 Di-Di- 33 Tri-Tri- 44 Tetra-Tetra- 55 Penta-Penta- 66 Hexa-Hexa- 77 Hepta-Hepta-

The PrefixesThe Prefixes

11 Mono-*Mono-* 22 Di-Di- 33 Tri-Tri- 44 Tetra-Tetra- 55 Penta-Penta- 66 Hexa-Hexa- 77 Hepta-Hepta-

* The 1* The 1stst element in the name never element in the name never need a mono-need a mono-

ExamplesExamples

OFOF44

NN22OO

ClCl22OO77

iodine trichlorideiodine trichloride diphosphorus pentoxidediphosphorus pentoxide sulphur hexaiodidesulphur hexaiodide

ExamplesExamples

OFOF44 oxygen tetrafluorideoxygen tetrafluoride

NN22OO

ClCl22OO77

iodine trichlorideiodine trichloride diphosphorus pentoxidediphosphorus pentoxide sulphur hexaiodidesulphur hexaiodide

ExamplesExamples

OFOF44 oxygen tetrafluorideoxygen tetrafluoride

NN22OO dinitrogen monoxidedinitrogen monoxide

ClCl22OO77

iodine trichlorideiodine trichloride diphosphorus pentoxidediphosphorus pentoxide sulphur hexaiodidesulphur hexaiodide

ExamplesExamples

OFOF44 oxygen tetrafluorideoxygen tetrafluoride

NN22OO dinitrogen monoxidedinitrogen monoxide

ClCl22OO77 dichlorine heptoxidedichlorine heptoxide

iodine trichlorideiodine trichloride diphosphorus pentoxidediphosphorus pentoxide sulphur hexaiodidesulphur hexaiodide

ExamplesExamples

OFOF44 oxygen tetrafluorideoxygen tetrafluoride

NN22OO dinitrogen monoxidedinitrogen monoxide

ClCl22OO77 dichlorine heptoxidedichlorine heptoxide

iodine trichlorideiodine trichloride IClICl33

diphosphorus pentoxidediphosphorus pentoxide sulphur hexaiodidesulphur hexaiodide

ExamplesExamples

OFOF44 oxygen tetrafluorideoxygen tetrafluoride

NN22OO dinitrogen monoxidedinitrogen monoxide

ClCl22OO77 dichlorine heptoxidedichlorine heptoxide

iodine trichlorideiodine trichloride IClICl33

diphosphorus pentoxidediphosphorus pentoxide PP22OO55

sulphur hexaiodidesulphur hexaiodide

ExamplesExamples

OFOF44 oxygen tetrafluorideoxygen tetrafluoride

NN22OO dinitrogen monoxidedinitrogen monoxide

ClCl22OO77 dichlorine heptoxidedichlorine heptoxide

iodine trichlorideiodine trichloride IClICl33

diphosphorus pentoxidediphosphorus pentoxide PP22OO55

sulphur hexaiodidesulphur hexaiodide SISI66

Non-Conventional NamesNon-Conventional Names

Some compounds are more commonly Some compounds are more commonly known by other names.known by other names.

e.g. e.g. NHNH33

CHCH44

HH22OO

Non-Conventional NamesNon-Conventional Names

Some compounds are more commonly Some compounds are more commonly known by other names.known by other names.

e.g. e.g. NHNH33 ammoniaammonia

CHCH44

HH22OO

Non-Conventional NamesNon-Conventional Names

Some compounds are more commonly Some compounds are more commonly known by other names.known by other names.

e.g. e.g. NHNH33 ammoniaammonia

CHCH44 methanemethane

HH22OO

Non-Conventional NamesNon-Conventional Names

Some compounds are more commonly Some compounds are more commonly known by other names.known by other names.

e.g. e.g. NHNH33 ammoniaammonia

CHCH44 methanemethane

HH22OO waterwater

The Diatomic GasesThe Diatomic Gases

The elemental compounds like HThe elemental compounds like H22, Cl, Cl22, , and Oand O22. are called diatomic gases and . are called diatomic gases and are called simply: are called simply:

name of element + “gas”name of element + “gas”

e.g.e.g. HH22

ClCl22

OO22

The Diatomic GasesThe Diatomic Gases

The elemental compounds like HThe elemental compounds like H22, Cl, Cl22, , and Oand O22. are called diatomic gases and . are called diatomic gases and are called simply: are called simply:

name of element + “gas”name of element + “gas”

e.g.e.g. HH22 hydrogen gashydrogen gas

ClCl22

OO22

The Diatomic GasesThe Diatomic Gases

The elemental compounds like HThe elemental compounds like H22, Cl, Cl22, , and Oand O22. are called diatomic gases and . are called diatomic gases and are called simply: are called simply:

name of element + “gas”name of element + “gas”

e.g.e.g. HH22 hydrogen gashydrogen gas

ClCl22 chlorine gaschlorine gas

OO22

The Diatomic GasesThe Diatomic Gases

The elemental compounds like HThe elemental compounds like H22, Cl, Cl22, , and Oand O22. are called diatomic gases and . are called diatomic gases and are called simply: are called simply:

name of element + “gas”name of element + “gas”

e.g.e.g. HH22 hydrogen gashydrogen gas

ClCl22 chlorine gaschlorine gas

OO22 oxygen gasoxygen gas

ActivityActivity

““Modelling Molecules”Modelling Molecules”

You need a handout and a modelling You need a handout and a modelling kit.kit.