molecular mechanism of inhibition of streptococcus species by phytochemical
TRANSCRIPT
Faculty of Agriculture
Soheila Abachi1
Molecular mechanism of inhibition of Streptococcus species by phytochemicals
Morin
For more information see my article;http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/21/2/215
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Outline Streptococcus spp. importance Mechanisms of pathogenicityThreat preventionPhytochemical’s anti-Streptococcal attributes by categoryConclusion Prospects
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Importance Original microfloraRange of diseases None life threateningDental caries and pharyngitisFlesh eating disease, toxic-shock syndrome
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Streptococcus species
S.pyogenes
S. mutansS. pneumoniae
S. agalactiae
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S.pyogenes Pharyngitis $224-$539 million/yr
S. mutans Dental caries $108 billion/yr
S. pneumoniae Pneumonia $96 million/yr
Why they are important?
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How pathogens cause disease?
1)Adherence to tissue surface
2)Colonization & development of complex communities e.g. biofilm
* 65% of human bacterial infections involve biofilms
3)Cell to cell communication within these communities (quorum
sensing)
4) Invasion of host tissues
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Electron microscopyS. Pneumoniae Diameter 5–6 nm Length 2–3 μm Filaments per cell 2–3
1 μm = 0.001 mm
Courtesy of quizlet.com
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S. pneumoniae 25 μm
P. Dirckx, Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman www. wemt.snu.ac.kr
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Specific language Common language Creation of new languageMultilingual bacteria
P. Dirckx, Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman www. wemt.snu.ac.kr
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10Courtesy of Prof. Dr. Rohde, HZI Braunschweig www.helmholtz-hzi.de/enwww.nihon-u.ac.jp
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Strain First-line treatment Antibiotic resistant group A Streptococcus (GAS)group B Streptococcus (GBS)
Penicillin Amoxicillin Ampicillin Azithromycin Clarithromycin Clindamycin
TetracyclineVancomycin ErythromycinAzithromycin ClarithromycinClindamycinVancomycin
S. pneumoniae Penicillin GAmoxicillin AmpicillinVancomycin Cephalosporin
Penicillin ErythromycinTrimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Chloramphenicol Tetracycline Cephalosporins Ceftriaxone Cefotaxime
Modern Treatment
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Antibiotic Resistance
http://bioamin.wordpress.com/
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British Columbia
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Handling the infections less effective low survival rate long-term disability Immuno-compromised
Demand for the discovery of natural compounds with diverse chemical
structures and mechanisms of action
Threat
DANGER
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Medicinal plants such as Trollius chinensis (globeflower)Cydonia oblonga (quince) Malvaceae althea (marshmallow)
Traditional medicines to treat pharyngitis, tonsillitis
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What are phytochemicals?Non-nutritive plant chemicals with protective or disease
preventive properties Protection of plant against biotic & abiotic factors Protect humans against diseases109 new antibacterial drugs were approved 1981–200669% originated from natural products
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AdherenceHydophobicityBiofilmBinding
Phytochemical based antibacterial’s target site / process
ATPaseQSAggregation Glycolytic pH dropGlucosyltransferases
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ATP synthase
See articles; The role of the betaDELSEED motif of F1-ATPase: propagation of the inhibitory effect of the epsilon subunit.The role of subunit epsilon in the catalysis and regulation of FOF1-ATP synthase
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ConclusionNatural antimicrobials Bactericidal effects not necessary for suppression of processesA compound can be efficient bacterial growth inhibitor if Deteriorate cytoplasmic pH & membrane Increase permeability of plasma membranePrevent extra/intracellular microbial enzyme productionInterrupt bacterial metabolic pathwaysDisrupt plaque and biofilm formation
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High MW & complex phytochemicals exert greater inhibitory
Pentamer PP fraction of cocoa
High MW non- dialyzable material of cranberry
F2 or F3 of crowberry and bilberry > 10 kDa 70% Glycolytic pH-
Drop Inhibition
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Oleanolic acid
100% Adherence Inhibition
85% F-ATPase Activity Inhibition,
A-type proanthocyanidins
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Solution to global concern
Prospects Extensive research on potential plants & compounds Elucidation of mode of actionIncorporation of potent bioactives into NHP