mole–mass and mole–volume relationships -...

2/21/15

1

Slide 1 of 39

chemistry

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Slide 2 of 39

Mole–Mass and Mole–Volume Relationships

How can you guess the number of jelly beans in a jar? You estimate the size of a jelly bean and then estimate the dimensions of the container to obtain its volume. In a similar way, chemists use the relationships between the mole and quantities such as mass, volume, and number of particles to solve chemistry problems.

10.2

2/21/15

2



>

Slide 3 of 39

The Mole–Mass Relationship

The Mole–Mass Relationship

How do you convert the mass of a substance to the number of moles of the substance?

10.2

Slide 4 of 39



> The Mole–Mass Relationship

Use the molar mass of an element or compound to convert between the mass of a substance and the moles of a substance.

10.2

2/21/15

3


SAMPLE PROBLEM

Slide 5 of 39

10.5


SAMPLE PROBLEM

Slide 6 of 39

10.5

2/21/15

4


SAMPLE PROBLEM

Slide 7 of 39

10.5


SAMPLE PROBLEM

Slide 8 of 39

10.5

2/21/15

5


SAMPLE PROBLEM

Slide 9 of 39

10.6


SAMPLE PROBLEM

Slide 10 of 39

10.6

2/21/15

6


SAMPLE PROBLEM

Slide 11 of 39

10.6


SAMPLE PROBLEM

Slide 12 of 39

10.6

2/21/15

7



>

Slide 13 of 39

The Mole–Volume Relationship

The Mole–Volume Relationship

What is the volume of a gas at STP?

10.2

Slide 14 of 39



> The Mole–Volume Relationship

Avogadro’s hypothesis states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles.

10.2

2/21/15

8

Slide 15 of 39




The volume of a gas varies with temperature and pressure. Because of these variations, the volume of a gas is usually measured at a standard temperature and pressure.

Standard temperature and pressure (STP) means a temperature of 0°C and a pressure of 101.3 kPa, or 1 atmosphere (atm).

10.2

Slide 16 of 39




At STP, 1 mol or, 6.02 × 1023 representative particles, of any gas occupies a volume of 22.4 L.

The quantity 22.4 L is called the molar volume of a gas.

10.2

2/21/15

9

Slide 17 of 39




Calculating Volume at STP

10.2


SAMPLE PROBLEM

Slide 18 of 39

10.7

2/21/15

10


SAMPLE PROBLEM

Slide 19 of 39

10.7


SAMPLE PROBLEM

Slide 20 of 39

10.7

2/21/15

11


SAMPLE PROBLEM

Slide 21 of 39

10.7

Slide 22 of 39




Calculating Molar Mass from Density

10.2

2/21/15

12


SAMPLE PROBLEM

Slide 23 of 39

10.8


SAMPLE PROBLEM

Slide 24 of 39

10.8

2/21/15

13


SAMPLE PROBLEM

Slide 25 of 39

10.8


SAMPLE PROBLEM

Slide 26 of 39

10.8

2/21/15

14


Slide 27 of 39


> The Mole Road Map 10.2


Slide 28 of 39



2/21/15

15


Slide 29 of 39




Slide 30 of 39


> The Mole Road Map

The Mole Road Map

10.2

mole–mass and mole–volume relationships -...

Documents