monday, 10/12/2007, serbia prevention of contamination from mining & metallurgical industries in...

Monday, 10/12/2007, SERBIA Prevention of Contamination from Mining & Metallurgical Industries in Serbia

Strategic Plan for Strategic Plan for Prevention of Prevention of

Contamination from Contamination from Mining & Mining &

Metallurgical Metallurgical Industries in SerbiaIndustries in SerbiaPresentation by Prof. D. PaniasPresentation by Prof. D. Panias

Project coordinatorProject coordinator


With the PREWARC ProjectWith the PREWARC Project

The most important environmental The most important environmental problems fromproblems from

Mining & Metallurgical activities were Mining & Metallurgical activities were revealedrevealed


With this presentation a Strategic With this presentation a Strategic Plan for the minimization of wastes Plan for the minimization of wastes from Mining & Metallurgical from Mining & Metallurgical Activities in Serbia based on IPPC Activities in Serbia based on IPPC Directives is Directives is proposedproposed


What is a Strategic Plan?What is a Strategic Plan?

An intended Action Plan that could be An intended Action Plan that could be adopted in order toadopted in order to

Minimize the interactions between Mining Minimize the interactions between Mining & Metallurgical industries with & Metallurgical industries with Environment Environment

SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT


Mining ActivitiesMining Activities

• Management of Waste Rock

• Management of Flotation Tailings

• Actions for Closure and After Care



Management of Waste Rock


Mining activities- Treatment Mining activities- Treatment of Solidsof Solids

Waste RockWaste Rock

1. Prevention of ARD 1. Prevention of ARD generationgenerationa. Covers (a. Covers (Water, dry, oxygen Water, dry, oxygen

consuming covers) consuming covers) b. Raised groundwater tableb. Raised groundwater tablec. De-pyritizationc. De-pyritizationd. d. Selective material handlingSelective material handling

2. Control ARD impact2. Control ARD impacta. a. Addition of alkaline additivesAddition of alkaline additivesb. Compaction and ground sealingb. Compaction and ground sealing


Treatment of SolidsTreatment of SolidsWaste RockWaste Rock

3. Apply treatment options3. Apply treatment options

Passive treatment (wetlands or limestone Passive treatment (wetlands or limestone drains [open or anoxic]drains [open or anoxic] ))

Active treatment in a water treatment Active treatment in a water treatment plantplant

If none of the above, If none of the above, thenthen



Management of Flotation Tailings


Mining activities -Treatment Mining activities -Treatment of Solidsof Solids

Tailings

Any action that Any action that

managemanagess tailings in tailings in mined-out mined-out pitspits or in dams or in dams

divertdivertss natural external run-off natural external run-off, , applappliesies a safety factor of a safety factor of at least 1.3 toat least 1.3 to

all dams during operationall dams during operation and and carrcarriesies out out progressiveprogressive restoration/revegetationrestoration/revegetation

Is suitableIs suitable


Treatment of Flotation Treatment of Flotation tailings & Waste watertailings & Waste water

Case study from INTREAT projectCase study from INTREAT project


V. K. copper mine

Tailings dump

Waste rock heap

Cu concentrate

FlotationProcess

Recycled water

Tailings

copper smelter

Backfill

Drainage Saraka

wastewater

Neutralization

Open pit wastewat

er

Discharging to natural receivers

Old Boropen pit

Sludge

ore

recycling



Closure and After Care of ARD potential waste rock and

flotation tailings management facilities


Closure and After Care – Closure and After Care – Operating MinesOperating Mines

Develop closure and after care plans Develop closure and after care plans during the planning phase of the operation during the planning phase of the operation

Update them over timeUpdate them over time


Closure and After Care –Closure and After Care –Closed minesClosed mines

Care for Acid Generation Control Care for Acid Generation Control

MonitoringMonitoring


Metallurgical ActivitiesMetallurgical Activities

• EmissionsEmissions

• DustsDusts

• SlimesSlimes

• SlagsSlags

•Waste Waste waterwater



EmissionsEmissions


Gas emissions treatment-Gas emissions treatment-SOSO22SO2

1. Process Integrated Techniques – 1. Process Integrated Techniques – Minimization of SOMinimization of SO22 emissions emissions

Lowering the sulphur input Lowering the sulphur input

2. End of pipe Techniques – 2. End of pipe Techniques – Treatment of gasesTreatment of gasesRecovery as SORecovery as SO22 or H or H22SOSO4 4 (in cases of high S (in cases of high S content)content)

Wet waste gas desulphurization (in cases of low Wet waste gas desulphurization (in cases of low S content) {reaction with a solution containing S content) {reaction with a solution containing Ca or Mg}Ca or Mg}

Dry waste gas desulphurization (in cases of low Dry waste gas desulphurization (in cases of low S content) {adsorption on activated carbon}S content) {adsorption on activated carbon}


Gas emissions treatment Gas emissions treatment - NO- NOxxNOx

Waste gas de-nitrification (high cost)Waste gas de-nitrification (high cost) activated carbon process with NHactivated carbon process with NH33 injection injection selective catalytic reduction by NHselective catalytic reduction by NH33 or urea or urea to Nto N22 and H and H22OO

Waste gas Waste gas recirculationrecirculation

1. Process Integrated Techniques – 1. Process Integrated Techniques – Minimization of NOMinimization of NOxx emissions emissions

2. End of pipe Techniques – 2. End of pipe Techniques – Treatment of gasesTreatment of gases



Dusts


DustsDustsDusts

1. Process Integrated Techniques – 1. Process Integrated Techniques – Minimization of dustMinimization of dust

2. End of pipe Techniques – 2. End of pipe Techniques – Abatement & Treatment of dustsAbatement & Treatment of dusts

Electrostatic precipitation, Electrostatic precipitation, Fabric filters, Fabric filters, Cyclones, Wet scrubbing, Cyclones, Wet scrubbing, Dusts Re-use / RecyclingDusts Re-use / Recycling

Hoods or complete evacuation of Hoods or complete evacuation of the unitthe unit



Slimes


Slimes treatmentSlimes treatmentslimes

Water recovery Water recovery (Coagulation/sedimentation)(Coagulation/sedimentation)

Recycling / Re-use of solid wastes and Recycling / Re-use of solid wastes and by-productsby-products

Controlled disposalControlled disposal

1. Process Integrated Techniques – 1. Process Integrated Techniques – Minimization of slime generationMinimization of slime generation

2. End of pipe Techniques – 2. End of pipe Techniques – TreatmentTreatment

Re-design of Re-design of processprocess


Slimes treatmentSlimes treatmenthazardous slimes

Pre-treatment, in order to render Pre-treatment, in order to render them inert Controlled disposalthem inert Controlled disposal

According to the requirements set out in According to the requirements set out in the directive on landfill (Council the directive on landfill (Council Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste)waste)


1. Process Integrated Techniques – 1. Process Integrated Techniques – Minimization of slime generationMinimization of slime generation




Slag


Treatment of slagTreatment of slagSlag

Slag cleaning / fumingSlag cleaning / fumingRecyclingRecyclingRe use (civil engineering, road Re use (civil engineering, road construction, abrasive...)construction, abrasive...)Controlled disposalControlled disposal

1. Process Integrated Techniques – 1. Process Integrated Techniques – Minimization of slag generationMinimization of slag generation





Waste water


Treatment of oil Treatment of oil contaminated watercontaminated water

Oil contaminated water

Gravity separation of free oil, Gravity separation of free oil,

Emulsion breaking, using emulsion breaking Emulsion breaking, using emulsion breaking chemicals, chemicals,

Removal of oil by skimming tanks or any other Removal of oil by skimming tanks or any other effective device,effective device,

Storage facilities for the skimmed oil and the Storage facilities for the skimmed oil and the sludge if the oil cannot be recycled sludge if the oil cannot be recycled immediately,immediately,

Waste oil to be used as fuel in cement kilns as Waste oil to be used as fuel in cement kilns as well as in other sectors (blast furnaces, well as in other sectors (blast furnaces, ceramic and brick kilns, lime kilns),ceramic and brick kilns, lime kilns),

Disposal in landfills is illegalDisposal in landfills is illegal


Waste water treatmentWaste water treatmentwaste water

1. Process Integrated Techniques – 1. Process Integrated Techniques – Minimization of waste water Minimization of waste water generationgeneration


Recycling Recycling /Recirculation/Recirculation

Neutralization / Neutralization / PrecipitationPrecipitation

Source of waste water Minimization methods

Leaching Return to leaching

PurificationReturn to leaching or next

process step

electrolysissealed system. Electro-winning

of electrolyte bleed

Source of waste water Treatment methods

slag granulationsettelement. Precipitation if

needed

abatement systemsettelement. Precipitation if

needed

surface watersettelement. Precipitation if

needed. Filtration


Energy ProductionEnergy Production

• EmissionsEmissions

• Fly ashFly ash

• Waste waterWaste water


Energy ProductionEnergy Production

Emissions


Gas emissions -SOGas emissions -SO22

SO2


Flue-gas desulphurizationFlue-gas desulphurization

(wet scrubbing [lime/limestone], (wet scrubbing [lime/limestone], spray dry scrubbing using spray dry scrubbing using lime slurry, dry sorbent lime slurry, dry sorbent injection of lime slurry)injection of lime slurry)

Combined techniques for the Combined techniques for the reduction of NOreduction of NOxx and SO and SO22


Gas emissions treatment Gas emissions treatment - NO- NOxxNOx

Air / fuel staging, Air / fuel staging,

Low NOLow NOxx burner burner

1.1.Process Integrated Techniques – Process Integrated Techniques – Minimization of NOxMinimization of NOx

Waste gas de-nitrification (high cost)Waste gas de-nitrification (high cost) selective catalytic reduction by NHselective catalytic reduction by NH33 or urea to N or urea to N22 and H and H22O O (170 - 500(170 - 500ooC)C) selective non catalytic reduction by NHselective non catalytic reduction by NH33 to N to N22 and H and H22O (850 O (850 – 1100– 1100ooC)C)


Combined techniques for the reduction of NOCombined techniques for the reduction of NOxx and and SOSO22

activated carbon process with NHactivated carbon process with NH33 injection injection high surface area alumina processhigh surface area alumina process


Gas emissions treatment Gas emissions treatment - CO- COCO

Complete CombustionComplete Combustion

Well optimized system for the reduction of Well optimized system for the reduction of NONOxx emissions emissions

1. Process Integrated Techniques – 1. Process Integrated Techniques – Minimization of CO generationMinimization of CO generation



Energy productionEnergy production

Fly ash


Waste solids treatment- Waste solids treatment- fly ashfly ashFly ash

Controlled landfill

Re-use

Pretreatment Pretreatment – – Immobilization of Immobilization of pollutantspollutants

Landfill according to Landfill according to Council Directive Council Directive 1993/31/EC1993/31/EC

Fly ash Bottom

ash

Sorption process

products

Gypsum

Construction industry

Concrete additive (disregarding "Flual")

Lightweight aggregates for concrete

Foam mortar, porous concrete

High performanve concrete

"Flual" production

Blend additive in the cement industry

Raw meal consituent in the cement industry

Cement additive to delay setting

I solation walls

Construction gypsum

Ceramic industry

Road building and landscaping

Dam construction with the RCC (Roller Compacted Concrete) technique

Filler for bituminous surfacing, bonding layers and sub- base binders

Ground stabilisation, loose building materials for earth work and road

construction

Sound proofing

Landfill technology, waste treatment

Landfill

Hazardous substance immobilisation

Lining material for landfill bottom lining

Surface filter for landfill sealing

Sewage sludge conditioning

Base material for biological waste water cleaning

Filler for pipeline ditches

Stabilised ash cement mixture

Ditch filling

Other methods of utilisation

Reclamation material in mining

Zeolite production

Alpha- and beta- half hydrate production

Filling material in the paper industry

Production of anhydrite

"Muller- Kuhne- process"

Thermal recovery

Flue- gas desulphurisation

Fly ash Bottom

ash

Sorption process

products

Gypsum

Construction industry

Concrete additive (disregarding "Flual")

Lightweight aggregates for concrete

Foam mortar, porous concrete

High performanve concrete

"Flual" production

Blend additive in the cement industry

Raw meal consituent in the cement industry

Cement additive to delay setting

I solation walls

Construction gypsum

Ceramic industry

Road building and landscaping

Dam construction with the RCC (Roller Compacted Concrete) technique

Filler for bituminous surfacing, bonding layers and sub- base binders

Ground stabilisation, loose building materials for earth work and road

construction

Sound proofing

Landfill technology, waste treatment

Landfill

Hazardous substance immobilisation

Lining material for landfill bottom lining

Surface filter for landfill sealing

Sewage sludge conditioning

Base material for biological waste water cleaning

Filler for pipeline ditches

Stabilised ash cement mixture

Ditch filling

Other methods of utilisation

Reclamation material in mining

Zeolite production

Alpha- and beta- half hydrate production

Filling material in the paper industry

Production of anhydrite

"Muller- Kuhne- process"

Thermal recovery

Flue- gas desulphurisation


Energy productionEnergy production

Waste waters


Waste water treatmentWaste water treatment1. Process Integrated Techniques – 1. Process Integrated Techniques – Reduced waste water dischargeReduced waste water discharge

2. End of pipe Techniques – 2. End of pipe Techniques – TreatmentTreatmentFlocculation NeutralizationFlocculation Neutralization

Sedimentation Ammonia Sedimentation Ammonia reductionreduction

Recirculation FiltrationRecirculation Filtration

Ion exchange Oil removal (same Ion exchange Oil removal (same as in case of as in case of

Metallurgy)Metallurgy)


monday, 10/12/2007, serbia prevention of contamination from mining & metallurgical industries in...

Documents

serbia presentation

serbia strategic plan

care slide

proposed slide

suitable slide

prevention of ard generation

intreat project slide

solids tailings