Monday 10/26RAP• What were black codes?

• Give an example of a black code.• What is amnesty?

• What is your opinion on amnesty during reconstruction?

Today:• Stamp and Review Ch. 6.3• Review for test• Watch President Lincoln video – 20 minutes --??

Objective:Describe the process of reconstructing the South after the Civil War.Understand the roles of Presidents Johnson and Grant, along with the Radical Republicans.

Reconstruction Ch. 6.3—page 184-191

• Exodus of 1879 –– More than 20,000 African Americans migrated to

Kansas.– Exodusters-named because they left their homes to

make better lives in the dusty new land in Kansas.

• Amnesty – to pardon, Confederates who would sign an oath of loyalty to the Union.

• Black codes – laws that severely restricted the rights of newly freed African Americans.

In Mississippi, codes prohibited AA from receiving farmland and stipulated that freed African American orphans could be assigned to forced labor.

• Military occupation of the South – Reconstruction Acts abolished state governments and divided the South into five military districts.– Federal troops were stationed in each district.– Northerners felt that troops were needed in the South to keep order and

bring about changes.– Southerners felt they were being forced to change.

• Radical Republicans – these were Republicans in Congress who were strongly antislavery and were not willing to forgive the Confederates.– They wanted to punish the South, create conditions that would promote

economic development and racial equality in the South.• 13th Amendment – 1865, prohibits slavery in the U.S.• Civil Rights Act– 1866, granted citizenship to AA and

guarantees equal protection under the law.• 14th Amendment – 1868, prevents states from denying rights

to any U.S. citizen.• 15th Amendment – 1870, gives all citizens the right to vote,

regardless of color, race, or former servitude.• Enforcement Act – 1870, empowers federal authorities to

punish violations of the fourteenth and fifteenth Amendments.

• African American representatives in Congress-AA began to exert influence at the polls in states in which they were a majority of the population: AL, FL, LA, MS, and SC.

• Johnson veto’s the Civil Rights Act – Why?• KKK – Ku Klux Klan– white supremacist organizations

began terrorizing AA. – Tried to prevent AA from voting or holding positions of

power.– Klan began as an elite club for Confederate veterans in

Tennessee.

• Impeachment of Johnson – The House voted to impeach the President on 11 charges of misconduct—violation of the Tenure of Office Act.– Trial went on 8 weeks– Johnson was acquitted.

• Freedmen’s Bureau – – Office of the war department– Established to provide freed AA with food, teachers, legal aid, and other assistance.

• Illiteracy among AA fell from more than 90% in 1860 to 80% in 1870; progress was slow due to intimidation and abuse of teachers.

• Sharecropping– a system in which a wealthy patron would give seeds, supplies, and a small parcel of land to a farmer in exchange for a portion of the crop. (Hard to come out of poverty)

• Carpetbaggers – Southerners called Northern transplants who came to the south to work in government jobs during Grant’s administration.

– Southerners did not care for many of these carpetbaggers.• Gerrymandering – re-dividing voting districts to decrease AA representation in a

particular area.– Poll tax – a payment or tax to vote. This hurt poor people in general—black and white.

• Panic of 1873 – Grant’s administration faced economic crisis; bank panic prompted 5,000 businesses to close and thousands of people lost their jobs.

– People turned from social reform to economic reform.– Many accused AA of causing the economic problems.

• Loss of interest to help AA– – Economic crisis– Hayes became President and took troops out of the South.– Enforcement act of 1870 overturned by the Supreme Court; ruled that a state could not

legally discriminate against AA, but non-state institutions and individuals could.– Supreme court nullified the Civil Rights act of 1875.

• AA left the South by the thousands– going North to NYC, Chicago, and other urban areas.

Review and President video

• Please take notes on President Lincoln. Review game

Review• Groups –I will tell you. • Send one person to the board

– They will answer the question by themselves• If, they cannot answer it in the 30 sec. (all of the people at

the board) then, I will send them back to the group so they can quietly give them the correct answer.

– Then they will go back to the board and write it neatly, then sit down (by the board)

– The first person to answer the question at the board, and sits down by the board will get his or her group a point.