Monday Falcon Focus

Essential Questions

•WHAT DO POSITION, DIRECTION AND DISTANCE HAVE TO DO WITH MOTION?

Need To Know!!!

•Quiz Friday

Flashback Quiz: Types of Rocks

• 1. What type of rocks form beneath the Earth’s surface?

• 2. What type of rocks form on the inside of volcanoes (magma)?

• 3. What type of rocks form near bodies of water?

• 4. What type of rocks form on the outside of volcanoes (lava)?

• 5. What type of rock has fossils in them?

Standard 8-5.1

Motion and Speed

• Standard: 8-5.1 Use measurement and time-distance graphs to represent the motion of an object in terms of position, direction, or speed.

•

• IN GROUPS, STUDENTS WILL COMPLETE MINI LAB ON MOTION USING PLAYING CARDS TO DEMONSTRATE DIRECTION AND DISTANCE

•

Procedure

• Place the playing card on the starting point marked by tape.

• Blow softly on the playing card so that it moves forward. • With your ruler, measure the distance from where the

playing card started to where it landed and record it in the table below.

• Draw the path of the card on the model of the lab table below represented by an arrow.

• Do this a total of 3 times, increasing the how hard you blow on the card each time.

•

• How far the card travelled• Trial 1 (least)• Trial 2 (medium)• Trial 3 (most)• Questions: • 1. WHY DOES THE CARD MOVE WHEN YOU BLOW AIR

ON IT?• • 2. WHAT IS YOUR INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT

VARIABLE IN THIS MINI LAB?

Reflection

• 1. What is your independent variable and dependent variable?

• 2. Did anything change how far your card went? If yes, what do you think that was?

• 3. Describe in detail the process you used to find how far the card went each time.

• 4. Were all the paths exactly the same? Why do you think that is?

What is Motion

• A change in position

What is Motion?

• Motion occurs when there is a change in position of an object with respect to a reference starting point.

•The following terms are used to describe and determine motion:

Position

• Position is the location of an object. • The change in position is determined

by the distance and direction of an object’s change in position from the starting point which is called a (displacement).

Question

• 1. CAN THERE BE MORE THAN ONE POSITION WHEN LOOKING AT THE MOTION OF AN OBJECT?

Direction

• Direction is the line, or path along which something is moving, pointing, or aiming.

• Direction is measured using a reference point

with terms such as up, down, left, right, forward, backward, toward, away from, north, south, east, or west.

Distance

• Distance is how far an object travel.

• Ex: 10 m

Question

•2. HOW MIGHT POSITION, DIRECTION AND DISTANCE RELATE TO ONE ANOTHER?

Displacement

• Displacement is how far an object move in a certain direction.

• Ex: 10 m North

Displacement

• A displacement includes both the distance and a direction.

• Examples of Displacements:- 10 m north- 23 m left- 15 m down

Question: How do you know these are displacements?

Displacement

• Displacement = distance + direction• 10 m left

• So what is the main difference between distance and displacement?

•Direction

• For example, given the following data table, determine the change in the object’s position based on its final position, distance, and direction, from a starting point.

Segment Distance (m) Direction

X 10 East

Y 7 North

Z 10 West

Give the distance and Displacement for X, Y, Z from previous chart.

Segment Distance Displacement

X 10 m 10 m East

Y 7 m 7 m North

Z 10 m 10 m West

Questions

• 1. DO YOU THINK MOTION IS ALWAYS IN A STRAIGHT LINE?

• 2. HOW DO YOU THINK MOTION OCCURS?

Ticket Out the Door/Reinforcement Activity Sheet

• Block 24 Block 3 • • • •

What is the beginning position of the bus? ____________• What is the ending position of the bus? ___________• What is the direction of the bus? ______________• What is the distance the bus travelled? _______________ blocks• •

NOW THAT YOU KNOW….

•

• What is the distance of the card in each trial?

• Trial 1: Trial 2: Trial 3:

• Describe the direction the cards travelled in each trial.

• WHAT DO YOU THINK?• How does motion occur?

Tuesday Falcon FocusWhat are these zoomed-in images?

ANSWERS

Essential Question

•HOW DO DISTANCE-TIME GRAPHS REPRESENT MOTION?

Review Check On Rocks

Flashback Quiz: Types of Rocks

• 1. What type of rocks form beneath the Earth’s surface?

• 2. What type of rocks goes through the process of cementation and compaction?

• 3. What type of rocks form near bodies of water?• 4. What type of rocks form on the outside of

volcanoes (lava)? What type of rocks form on the inside of volcanoes (magma)?

• 5. What type of rock has fossils in them?

Video

QUESTIONS

• DO YOU THINK MOTION STOPS ON ITS OWN? WHY OR WHY NOT?

• • 2. WHAT ARE SOME WAYS WE

MIGHT BE ABLE TO REPRESENT FORCE AND MOTION VISUALLY?

Speed

• Speed is a measure of how fast something moves a particular distance (for example, meters) over a given amount of time (for example, seconds).

• Therefore, speed is the rate of change of the position of an object, or how far something will move in a given period of time.

• Speed does not necessarily mean that something is moving fast.

Speed

• What do speed include? • Distance and Time• What is the formula for speed?• Velocity (speed with a direction) = Distance /

Time or V= D/T• What is the unit for speed• Velocity (m/s)= Distance (m) / Time (s)• Unit for Speed is m/s

Velocity

• Velocity is how far something moves a particular distance over a given amount of time with a direction.

• Therefore, velocity is speed with a direction.

Distance-Time Graph

• A Distance-Time Graph is a graph that can be used to represent how both speed and distance change with time.

• For this type of graph, time (the independent variable) is plotted on the x-axis and the distance (the dependent variable) is plotted on the y-axis.

Speed

• The slope of the line can tell the relative speed of the object.

• When the slope of the line is steep, the speed is faster than if the slope were flatter.

• When the slope of the line is flatter, the speed is slower.

• When the slope of the line is horizontal to the x-axis, the speed is zero (the object is not moving). For example:

Steeper Slope = Faster Speed

Time (s)

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

Flatter Slope = Slower Speed

Time (s)

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

Zero Slope = Stopped, no motion

Time (s)

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

QUESTIONS

• 1. WHAT DOES THE SLOPE OF THE LINE IN A DISTANCE-TIME GRAPH TELL US?

• • 2. WHAT IS THE X-AXIS AND Y-AXIS

ON A DISTANCE-TIME GRAPH?

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0

10

20

30

40

50Distance-Time Graph

Time (s)

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

Distance-Time graph

• This distance-time graph can then be used to describe the speed of the object. For example, the speed of segment A is slower than segment C. The speed of segment B is zero, the object is not moving.

QUESTIONS

• 1. HOW DO TIME AND DISTANCE RELATE TO AN INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT VARIABLE?

• 2. WHY WOULD WE USE A DISTANCE-TIME GRAPH?

Ticket Out the Door

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfV87TgYH78

Wednesday Focus

Essential Question

•WHERE DO WE SEE MOTION IN EVERYDAY LIFE?

Video

Air Trolley Lab

• Conclusion Questions:• 1. Was your hypothesis proven to be correct or

wrong? Explain• 2. What is your average distance?• 3. How does your average distance compare to the

other average distances in your class?• 4. How do this lab relate to motion and distance?• 5. What type of mishaps could occur that would have

falsified your results?• 6.What did you learn from this lab?

Falcon Focus

• (8-1.1) IDENTIFY THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE, DEPENDENT VARIABLE, CONTROL GROUP AND ANY CONSTANTS.

• 3. AN EXPERIMENT WAS PERFORMED TO DETERMINE HOW THE AMOUNT OF COFFEE GROUNDS COULD AFFECT THE TASTE OF COFFEE. THE SAME KIND OF COFFEE, THE SAME PERCOLATOR, THE SAME AMOUNT AND TYPE OF WATER, THE SAME PERKING TIME, AND THE SAME ELECTRICAL SOURCES WERE USED.

• • •

Falcon Focus

• . (8-5.1) Speed measurements contain a distance unit and ____.

• • a. a unit of force.• b. a unit of mass.• c. a unit of time.• d. a unit of position.

Essential Question

• How would you create the following motion graph showing the following: acceleration, deceleration, at rest, and a constant speed?

• • How is motion measured?• • How do we show motion?

What’s On the Quiz Tomorrow?

• 1. Inquiry Type Questions• 2. Identifying variables (IV & DV) Problem or

Question, Hypothesis, Constant or Control Variable and Control Group from a scenario

• 3. 2 Motion Questions

• 13 Questions Overall• •

Objective

• FF• EQ• Take More Motion Notes• Intro to Lab: Air-Trolley Lab• Complete Lab• Ticket out the Door

Falcon Focus• (8-5.1) The graph above shows the distance traveled by four objects over a period of 5

seconds. Which line on the graph represents the object with the greatest average speed?• • a. 1• b. 2• c. 3• d. 4• • (8-5.1)Which line on the graph represents an object that is not moving?• F. 1• G. 2• H. 3• I. 4• • pg. 58 (Science Essentials Book)

Essential Question

• What is the formula for speed? • • What is the unit for speed?• • How would you create a chart depicting the

difference among the speed formula variables and the appropriate units that represents them?

Objective

• FF• EQ• Finish Air-Trolley Lab• Take Notes On 8-5.2• Quick Review• Take Quiz• Ticket out the Door

• 8-5.2 Use the formula for average speed, v=d/t, to solve real world problems.

Calculating Speed

• Average speed can be calculated by dividing the total distance the object travels by the total amount of time it takes to travel that distance.

• Constant speed will have the same speed throughout.

Calculating Speed

• Speed measurements contain a unit of distance divided by a unit of time. Examples of units of speed might include:

• meters per second” (m/s), • “kilometers per hour” (km/h),• or “miles per hour” mph or (mi/hr).

Calculating Speed

• Average speed can be calculated using the formula v=d/t where the variables are:– v is the velocity/average speed of the object– d is the total distance or length of the path of the

object– t is the total time taken to cover the path

Speed Formula

• V = d/t• Velocity = Distance / Time

• m/s = meters divided by seconds

Calculation Time

• 1. What is the speed of a sailboat that is traveling 100 meters in 120 seconds?

• 2. If a cyclist in the Tour de France traveled southwest a distance of 12,250 meters in one hour, what would the velocity of the cyclist be?

• 1. Calculate the speed of a dog running through a field if he is covering 23.7 meters in 54 seconds.

• 2. If a cross country runner covers a distance of 347 meters in 134 seconds what is her speed?

• 3. What is the speed of a baseball that travels 49 meters in 2.4 seconds?

• 4. What is the speed of a horse in meters per second that runs a distance of 1.2 miles in 2.4 minutes?

• 5. Calculate the velocity of a car that travels 556 kilometers northeast in 3.4 hours. Leave your answer in kilometers per hour.

• 6. If the distance covered by a jogger is 2,541meters through the park and the time it took to cover that distance was 43.6 minutes, what was the speed of the jogger?

• 7. Which object has a greater velocity, a ball rolling down a 3.4 meter hill in six seconds or a fish swimming upstream and covering 5.4 meters in 0.4 minutes?

• 8. If Seneca decides to walk across town to a store that is .95 kilometers away and she has only 25 minutes to get there, what speed does she need to maintain to arrive on time?

• 9. If a projectile flies north 387 meters in 5.8 seconds, what is its velocity?

• 10. Calculate the velocity of a mountain climber if that climber is moving northeast at a pace of 1.6 km in 1.4 hours? Give your answer in the SI unit for velocity.