monday november 7, 2011
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Monday November 7, 2011. (Covalent Bonding; Naming Covalent Compounds). Bell Ringer Monday, 11-7-11. Using your Periodic Table and your ion charts, name these chemical compounds:. HNO 3. AlBr 3. HCl. CaCl 2. H 3 PO 4. HF. GaI 3. H 2 SO 4. Announcements. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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MondayNovember 7, 2011
(Covalent Bonding; Naming Covalent
Compounds)
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Bell RingerMonday, 11-7-11
Using your Periodic Table and your ion charts, name these chemical
compounds:HNO3AlBr3
HF
H2SO4
HCl CaCl2
H3PO4
GaI3
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Assignment Currently Open
Summative or
Formative
Date Issued
Date Due
Date Into
Grade Book
Last Day
WS - Valence Electrons and Electron Configuration F 10/13 10/19
Lab – The Flame Test F 10/14 10/17 11/3 11/7
Quiz – The Organization of the Electron Cloud S 10/21 10/21 10/26 11/9
WS – Chemical Bonding F 10/21 10/27
Quiz – Chemical Bonding and Bonding Character S 10/25 10/25 10/28 11/11
Activity - Ionic Properties vs. Covalent Properties F 10/26 10/28 11/3 11/7
Quiz – Ionic vs. Covalent Bonding and Properties S 10/28 10/28 10/31 11/14
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AnnouncementsI will not be available today after school.
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SaltsA salt is an ionic
compound composed of a cation from a base and the anion from an acid.
For example, table salt (NaCl) contains the
anion from hydrochloric acid (HCl) and the cation
from the base sodium hydroxide (NaOH.)
HCl NaOH+ - + -
Salts are named in the same way as other ionic compounds.
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Covalent BondingIt’s
nice to share!
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Covalent Bondingand Molecular Compounds
A molecule is a neutral group of atoms that are
held together by covalent bonds.
A molecule may consist of two or more atoms of
the same element, or two or more different
types of atoms.A molecular compound is a chemical compound
whose simplest units are molecules.
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A chemical formula indicates the relative numbers of atoms
of each kind in a chemical compound by using atomic
symbols and numerical subscripts.
A molecular formula shows the types and numbers of atoms
combined in a single molecule of a molecular compound.A diatomic molecule is a
molecule containing only two atoms.
Covalent Bondingand Molecular Compounds
H2O NaCl
CO2
O2
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Formation of a Covalent BondAs atoms approach each other, their charged particles begin to interact.
Nuclei and clouds attract each other - potential energy decreases.
The two nuclei and the two e- clouds repel each other
– potential energy increases.
At a given distance, the repulsion equals the attraction, energy
potential is at its lowest, and the bond forms.
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Characteristics of a Covalent BondBond length is the distance between two bonded atoms at their minimum potential energy, that is, the average distance between two bonded atoms.
Example) The bond length of H-H is 75 pm.At this length, the one electron of each atom is
shared by both atoms.
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Characteristics of a Covalent Bond
Bond energy is the energy required to break a chemical bond and form neutral,
isolated atoms.Example) The bond energy to break H2 is
436 kJ.Sharing electrons allows each atom to
experience the effect of the stable electron configuration of a Noble Gas.
Keep in mind that bond lengths and bond energies vary with the types of atoms that
have bonded.
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Bond Length and Bond Energy
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Multiple Covalent BondsA covalent bond produced by
the sharing of two pairs of electrons between two atoms is
called a double bond.
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Multiple Covalent BondsA covalent bond produced by the sharing of three pairs of
electrons between two atoms is called a triple bond.
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Multiple Covalent BondsDouble and triple bonds
are referred to as multiple bonds.
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Multiple Covalent BondsSample Problem
Draw the Lewis structure of methanal (formaldehyde)
CH2O
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Chemical FormulasFor a molecular compound, the chemical formula revels the type and number of atoms of each element contained in a
single molecule of the compound.
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Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
• Molecular compounds are composed of individual covalently bonded units, or molecules.
• The prefix system is an older nomenclature for naming molecular compounds.
• A Greek prefix is used in front of substance names in the compound to indicate the number of units of that substance that are present.
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PracticeName the following covalent
compounds:CO2
Write the chemical formulas for the following covalent compounds:
dinitrogen trioxide
H2O CCl4carbon dioxide
dihydrogen monoxide
carbon tetrachlorid
e
tetraphosphorus decaoxide
N2O3 P4O10
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1. The less-electronegative element is given first and is given a prefix only if it contributes more than one atom to a molecule of the compound.
2. The second element is named by combining a prefix indicating the number of atoms contributed by the element, the root of the name of the second element, and the ending –ide, which usually indicates that a compound contains only two elements.
3. The o or a at the end of a prefix is usually dropped when the word following the prefix begins with another vowel – for example, monoxide or pentoxide.
Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
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Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
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In general, the order of nonmetals in
compound names and formulas is:
C, P, N, H, S, I, Br, Cl, O, F
Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
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Examples
– What is the name of As2O5?
– Diarsenic pentoxide
– Write the formula for oxygen difluoride
– OF2
Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
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